Ana amfani da haruffan braille da yawa a Ghana. Don Ingilishi, an karɓi Haɗin Kan Turanci Braille . An rubuta wasu harsuna huɗu da makafi: Akan (Twi), Ga, Ewe, da Dagaare . Dukkan haruffa guda uku sun dogara ne akan ainihin ƙimar haruffan rubutun hannu na ainihin haruffan Latin:

Braille na Ghana
Braille
Bayanai
Ƙasa Ghana

Kwatankwacin kwatancen haruffan da suka wuce waɗannan an kwatanta su a ƙasa. Turanci ana amfani da alamar rubutu a cikin Ghana da (bisa ga UNESCO 2013) Togo.

Ba a yin amfani da Braille sosai a Ghana don kowane harshe sai Ingilishi. Koyaya, akwai wasu tsofaffin wallafe-wallafe a cikin waɗannan haruffan rubutun hannu.

Akan (Twi) Braille

gyara sashe
Twi Braille
Akan Braille
Type
alphabet
Languages Twi
Parent systems

Akan yana da karin wasu haruffa guda ɗaya. ⠪ ɔ ana iya sa ran daga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya / Afirka ; ⠻ ɛ na musamman ga Ghana.



ɔ


ɛ

Ga and Dagaare Braille

gyara sashe

  Ga da Dagaare sun ƙara wasiƙa ta uku, ⠬ ŋ .



ɔ


ɛ


ŋ

Ewe Braille

gyara sashe
Ewe Braille

Ewe yana ƙara ƙarin baƙaƙe da yawa: ⠫ ɖ, ⠹ ƒ, ⠣ ɣ, ⠮ ʋ .



ɔ


ɛ


ŋ


ɖ


ƒ


ɣ


ʋ

Ɓ da ɣ sune ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya/Afirka (duba kuma Braille na Najeriya ); ƒ da ʋ sun fito ne daga sautunan Ingilishi th, mafi kusanci a cikin wannan harshe bayan f da v .

Braille don harsunan Togo

gyara sashe

Ewe shine yaren farko na Togo, kuma ana amfani da shi a Togo tare da aikin makafi iri ɗaya kamar na Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) ta ba da rahoton ƙarin wasu haruffan Togo da yawa waɗanda ba ta iya tabbatarwa ba, amma waɗanda aka tsara su tare da harsunan Ghana; Babu shakka suna amfani da ayyukan Ewe na Ghana:

  • Bassar da Konkomba an rubuta su da asali na mawallafi da Ewe ŋ, ɔ .
  • Kabiye ya ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ . Haruffa ɩ da ʊ suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma sun yi daidai da ⠔ da ⠳ cikin Igbo Braille . (Unesco ta bayar da rahoton cewa ana musanya kimar maƙarƙashiya u/ʊ daga al'ada, mai yuwuwar kuskuren kwafi.[1] ) Sauran haruffa suna kamar a Ewe.
  • Moba ya na ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ, tare ⠔ ɩ kamar a Kabiye.
  • Tem ya ɖɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ, kamar a Kabiye.

Bugu da ƙari, UNESCO ta ba da rahoton cewa harsunan Togo daban-daban suna da ⠡ don wasulan hanci, ⠸ don sauti mai girma, ⠘ don sautin tsakiya, da ⠰ don ƙananan sautin.

Dukkan waɗannan harsuna biyar ana magana da su a Ghana da kuma Togo, amma Unesco ba ta ba da rahoton cewa an mayar da su zuwa makafi a can ba.

  1. World Braille Usage Third Edition, Perkins / International Council on English Braille / UNESCO, 2013: contrast p. 100 (Igbo) vs p.144 (Kabiyé) (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-04-15, retrieved 2024-02-24