Bani Khalid

Bani Khalid
	;
Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
	Saudi Arebiya
Kabilu masu alaƙa
	Larabawa

Bani Khalid ( Larabci: بني خالد‎ ) ya kasance gamayyar kabilun Larabawa ce. Kabilar ta mallaki Kudancin Iraki, Kuwait, da Gabas ta Gabas (al-Hasa da al-Qatif) daga karni na 15 zuwa na 18, kuma a sake karkashin kulawar Daular Usmaniyya a farkon karni na 19. A mafi girmansa, yankin Bani Khalid ya faro daga Iraki a arewa zuwa iyakar Oman a Kudu, kuma Bani Khalid yana da tasirin siyasa ta hanyar mulkin yankin Nejd a tsakiyar Arabiya. Yawancin membobin kabilar yanzu suna zaune a gabas da tsakiyar Saudi Arabia, yayin da wasu ke zaune a Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Palestine, Syria da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Bani Khalid dukkansu musulmin shia ne ^[1] kuma musulmin Sunni ne .

Tarihi

Bani Khalid

Manyan kabilun sune Al Humaid, Juboor, Du'um, the Al Janah, the Al suhoob, Grusha, Al Musallam, 'Amayer, Al Subaih said kuma Mahashir & Nahood. ^[2] Shugabancin Bani Khalid ya kasance bisa al’ada dangin Al Humaid ne suka rike shi. Bani Khalid ya mamaye hamadar da ke kewaye da Al-Hasa da Al-Qatif a lokacin karni na 15 da 18. ^[3] A karkashin Barrak ibn Ghurayr na Al Humaid, Bani Khalid sun sami damar korar sojojin Ottoman daga birane da garuruwa a shekarar 1670 tare da shelanta mulkinsu akan yankin. ^[4] ^[5] Ibn Ghurayr ya yi babban birni a cikin Al-Mubarraz, inda ragowar gidansa suka tsaya a yau. A cewar Arabian almara, daya shugaban Bani Khalid yunkurin kare prized hamada bustard ( Habari ) daga nau'i nau'i da hani da ƙauyãwã a mulkinsa daga farautar tsuntsu ta qwai, sunã tsirfatãwa kabilar lakanin "majiɓinta, na qwai da Habari ", ishara ce ga cikakken shugaban a kan masarautarsa. Babban jigo na "Khawalid" shine Haddori.

Faduwa ga Saudiya

Bani Khalid

Bani Khalid na gabashin Larabawa ya cigaba da kasancewa tare da membobin ƙabilarsu waɗanda suka zauna a Nejd a lokacin ƙaurarsu ta gabas, kuma sun sami abokan ciniki tsakanin shugabannin garuruwan Nejdi, kamar Al Mu'ammar na al-Uyayna . Lokacin da sarkin Uyayna ya bi ra'ayin Muhammad bn Abdil-Wahhab, sai shugaban Khalidi ya umarce shi da ya daina goyon bayan Ibn Abd al-Wahhab kuma ya kore shi daga garinsa. Sarki ya amince, sannan Ibn Abd al-Wahhab ya koma makwabtan Dir'iyyah, inda ya hada karfi da Al Saud . Bani Khalid ya cigaba da kasancewa manyan makiya Saudiyya da kawayensu kuma suka yi yunkurin mamaye Nejd da Diriyyah a kokarin dakatar da fadada Saudiyya. Yunkurinsu bai ci nasara ba, amma, bayan sun mamaye Nejd, Saudis sun mamaye yankin Bani Khalid a cikin al-Hasa tare da tumbuke Al 'Ura'yir a cikin 1793. A farkon shekarun 1950 yawancin Al Arabi da yawa waɗanda suka samo asali daga Iraq suka yi ƙaura zuwa Saudi Arabiya Al Qassim

Komawa da Faduwa daga Mulki

Lokacin da Ottomans suka mamaye Arabiya suka hambarar da Al Saud a 1818, suka ci al-Hasa, al-Qatif kuma suka dawo da mambobin Al 'Uray'ir a matsayin sarakunan yankin. Bani Khalid ba su da karfin soja irin na da a wannan lokacin, kuma kabilu irin su Ajman, da Dawasir, Subay ' da Mutayr sun fara kutsawa cikin yankunan Bani Khalid da ke hamada. Har ila yau, rikice-rikice na cikin gida sun mamaye su game da jagoranci. Kodayake Bani Khalid sun sami damar kulla kawance da 'Anizzah kabilar a wannan lokacin, amma daga baya kawancen kabilu da dama sun ci su da Al Saud, wadanda suka sake kafa mulkinsu a Riyadh a 1823. Yaki da kawancen da kabilun Mutayr da na 'Ajman suka jagoranta a 1823, ^[6] da kuma wani yakin da aka yi da Subay' da Al Saud a 1830, sun kawo karshen mulkin Bani Khalid. Ottoman sun sake nada gwamna daga Bani Khalid akan al-Hasa sau ɗaya a cikin 1874, amma mulkinsa ma bai daɗe ba. ^[7]

Yanzu

Yawancin dangi da bangarori na Bani Khalid sun riga sun zauna a al-Hasa da Nejd a wannan lokacin, amma da yawa daga waɗanda suka rage barin gabashin Arabiya bayan fatattakar sojoji da Ibn Saud, daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Iraki, Jordan . Dangin a yau ya ƙunshi manyan masu mulki, da mambobin gwamnati. Yawancin iyalai daga Bani Khalid ana iya samun su a yau a Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan Saudi Arabia da Qatar

Manazarta

↑ Yitzhak Nakash (2011)for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World p. 22
↑ Al-Jassir
↑ Mandaville, p. 503
↑ Fattah, p. 83
↑ Ibn Agil, p. 78
↑ Meglio
↑ Al-Rasheed, p. 36

Bayanan kula

Anscombe, Frederick F., Tekun Daular Usmaniyya: halittar Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, da Qater, 1870-1914, Columbia University Press, New York 1997
Fattah, Hala Mundhir, Siyasar Kasuwancin Yanki a Iraki, Arabiya, da Tekun Fasha, 1745-1900, SUNY Press, 1997 [1]
Ibn Agil al-Zahiri, Ansab al-Usar al-Hakima fi al-Ahsa ("Tarihin iyalan gidan al-Ahsa mai mulki, Kashi na II: Banu Humayd (Al 'Uray'ir)"), Dar al-Yamama, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Larabci)

أبو عبدالرحمن بن عقيل الظاهري, "أنساب الأسر الحاكمة في الأحساء, القسم الثاني: بنو حميد (آل عريعر)", من منشورات دار اليمامة, الرياض, المملكة العربية السعودية

Ingham, B. "Muṭayr." Encyclopaedia na Islama. Shirya ta: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel da WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Kan layi. 1 Disamba 2007 [2]^{[permanent dead link]}
Al-Jassir, Hamad, Jamharat Ansab al-Usar al-Mutahaddirah fi Nejd ("enididdigar Geanologies na Faman Gidan da aka Zaunar"), shigar a kan "Banu Khalid" (Larabci)
al-Juhany, Uwaidah, Najd Kafin Tsarin Gyaran Salafi, Ithaca Press, 2002
Lorimer, John Gordon, Gazetteer na Tekun Fasha, Oman da Tsakiyar Larabawa, wanda Gregg International Publishers Limited Westemead ya sake bugawa. Farnborough, Hants., Ingila da Jaridun Jami'ar Irish, Shannon, Irelend. Buga a cikin Holland, 1970
Mandaville, Jon E., "Lardin Ottoman na al-Hasā a ƙarni na sha shida da sha bakwai", Jaridar American Oriental Society, Vol. 90, A'a. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1970), shafi na. 486-513 JSTOR 597091
Meglio, R. Di. "banū ̲h̲ālid." Encyclopaedia na Islama. Shirya ta: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, CE Bosworth, E. van Donzel da WP Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Kan layi. 1 Disamba 2007 [3] Archived 2020-03-08 at the Wayback Machine
Nakash, Yitzhak , ^] Isar zuwa Powerarfi: Shi'a a Duniyar Larabawa ta Zamani, Princeton University Press, 2006, wani yanki da aka ɗauka ta yanar gizo a [4] Archived 2016-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, an dawo da shi 5 Dec 2007
Oppenheim, Max Freiherr von, tare da Braunlich, Erich da Caskill, Werner, Die Beduinen, mujalladai 4, Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 1952 (Jamusanci)
Szombathy, Zoltan, Genealogy a cikin ieungiyoyin Musulmai na Zamani, Studia Islamica, No. 95. (2002), pp. 5–35 JSTOR 1596139
Al-Rasheed, Madawi, Tarihin Saudi Arabiya, Jami'ar Cambridge University, 2002 (ta hanyar GoogleBooks [5] )
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Al-Wuhaby, Abd al-Karim al-Munif, Banu Khalid wa 'Alaqatuhum bi Najd ("Banu Khalid da Alakarsu da Nejd"), Dar Thaqif lil-Nashr wa-al-Ta'lif, 1989 (Larabci)

عبدالكريم الوهيبي ، "بنو خالد وعلاقتهم بنجد" د دار ثقيف للنشر والتأليف ، 1989

[1] Yitzhak Nakash (2011)for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World p. 22

[Al-Jassir-2] Al-Jassir

[3] Mandaville, p. 503

[4] Fattah, p. 83

[Ibn_Agil,_p._78-5] Ibn Agil, p. 78

[6] Meglio

[7] Al-Rasheed, p. 36

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