Ambaliyar mai ta SS Wafra
Ambaliyar mai ta SS Wafra ta faru ne a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun 1971, lokacin da SS Wafra, wani jirgin dakon mai, ya yi kaysa a gwiwa a lokacin da yake karkashin ja kusa da Cape Agulhas, a Afirka ta Kudu. Kimanin ganga 200,000 na danyen mai ne aka lebo a cikin tekun. [1][2] Babban bangaren jirgin dai ya sake shawagi, aka fitar da shi zuwa teku, sannan sojojin saman Afirka ta Kudu suka nutse don hana kara gurbatar man da ke gabar teku.
 Ambaliyar mai ta SS Wafra | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jirgin ruwa | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Mamallaki |
Getty Oil (en)  | |||
| Manufacturer (en) |
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (en) | |||
| Service entry (en) | 1956 | |||
| Country of registry (en) | Laberiya | |||
| Yard number (en) | 1456 | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
Ƙasa da nutsewa
gyara sasheWafra ya bar Ras Tanura a Saudi Arabia a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 1971 zuwa Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu, da jigilar 472,513 barrels (75,123.6 m3) (ton 63,174)[3] na danyen man larabawa a cikin jirgin. [4][5] Rabin kayan mallakar Chevron Oil Sales Co., da sauran rabin ta Texaco Export, Inc. [6]
Jirgin yana zagaye kudancin Afirka da ƙarfe 6:30 na safe ranar 27 ga Fabrairun 1971 lokacin da bututun da ke kawo ruwan teku a cikin jirgin don kwantar da injin tururi ta kasa. Dakin injin ya cika da ruwa, wanda ya gaza karfin jirgin. Washegari Baturen ya ɗauke ta Gdynia tankar tururi, wanda - gano aikin da wahala - ya mika wa Pongola 7 miles (11 km) kashe Cape Agulhas, daga baya a wannan rana. Kebul ɗin ya karye daga baya, kuma Wafra ya sauka a kan ruwa kusa da Cape Agulhas da ƙarfe 5:30 na yamma ranar 28 ga Fabrairu. Dukkan tankunan dakon kaya guda shida na tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma tankunan guda biyu daga cikin shida na tsakiya, sun lalace, lamarin da ya sa kusan tan 26,000 na mai ya malalo a wurin da aka kasa kasa, wanda tan 6,000 ya wanke a Cape Agulhas. [7] Wata majiyar kuma ta yi kiyasin cewa an yi asarar kusan galan miliyan 14 na mai a cikin lamarin (kimanin tan 45500).
A 20 miles (32 km) ta 3 miles (4.8 km) malalar mai ya haifar, wanda ya shafi wani yanki na 1200 Penguins na Afirka a tsibirin Dyer kusa da Gansbaai . Tekun rairayin bakin teku daga Gansbai zuwa Cape Agulhas sun sami mai ta hanyar slick. Jaridun Amurka sun ba da rahoton cewa slick ya kai 35 miles (56 km) tsawo. Kusan 4,000 US gallons (15,000 L) an fesa wanki a kan slick a ƙoƙarin hana shi wanke gaɓa ko cutar da rayuwar ruwa.[8][9]
Jirgin ruwan tekun na Jamus ya sake shawagi kuma ya ja daga cikin tekun a ranar 8 ga Maris da Jamusanci tug Oceanic, amma ya fara watsewa. Don hana ƙarin gurɓatar mai a bakin tekun, an ja babban ɓangaren mai nisan 200 miles (320 km) fita zuwa teku har zuwa bakin continental shelf (36°57′S 20°42′E / 36.950°S 20.700°E ), barin 160 kilometres (99 mi) mai a farke. A ranar 10 ga Maris, 1971, jirgin Buccaneer na sojojin saman Afirka ta Kudu ya yi yunkurin nutsar da ita da makami mai linzami na AS-30L, amma ya yi nasarar tayar da wuta kawai. Jirgin ya kone na tsawon kwanaki biyu kafin jirgin Shackleton ya iya nutsar da shi tare da caji mai zurfi a cikin 1,830 metres (6,000 ft) ruwa.
Idan da Wafra ya kasance tagwayen dunƙule, jirgin daki guda biyu na injin, asarar injin da wataƙila ba zai haifar da asarar jirgin gaba ɗaya ba. [10] A lokacin, malalar man ta kasance a cikin mafi muni da tanka 20 da aka yi a tarihi.[10]
Bayan haka
gyara sasheDangane da afkuwar hatsarin, Ma’aikatar Sufuri ta Afirka ta Kudu ta fahimci cewa, duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin manyan motocin dakon danyen mai (VLCCs) da ke amfani da hanyar tekun Cape a kowace shekara, hukumomin ba su da tulin tudun ruwa da ke iya taimaka musu a cikin kunci. da kuma kare yankunan ruwa masu mahimmanci ta hanyar wargaza malalar mai tare da tarwatsa sinadarai.[11] Don haka sun kafa sabis na rigakafin zubar da mai da aka sani da Kuswag (Coastwatch) kuma sun ba da sabbin tuggun ceto guda biyu, John Ross da Wolraad Woltemade . [12] Guda biyun, tare da 26,200 horsepower (19,500 kW) injuna, sun riƙe rikodin a matsayin mafi girma na ceto a duniya.[13]
An bayyana lamarin a cikin littafin Supership na 1975 na Noel Mostert.
Duba kuma
gyara sashe- Oswego-Guardian/Texanita karo
- Venpet-Venoil karo
- Torrey Canyon mai
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "Wafra" Archived 17 Oktoba 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Incident News. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ↑ "Cape Agulhas, South Africa: Incident Summary" Archived 10 ga Yuni, 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Incident News. 27 February 1971. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ↑ United States Court of Claims (1980). Federal Supplement. West Pub. Co. 477. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ American Maritime Cases. Maritime Law Association of the United States. 3. 1980. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Oil Spill Case Histories" (PDF). Washington: NOAA. 29 May 1997.
- ↑ (2 March 1978).Text
- ↑ Cornell, James; Surowiecki, John (1968). The Pulse of the Planet: A State of the Earth Report from the Smithsonian Institution Center for Short-lived Phenomena. Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-50065-5.
- ↑ "Tanker Tough to Destroy (Wafra oil spill, 1971)". The Kansas City Times. 1971-03-03. p. 72. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- ↑ "Oil spill fought off South Africa (1971)". Spokane Chronicle. 1971-03-02. p. 2. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Devanney, Jack (2006). The Tankship Tromedy: The Impending Disasters in Tankers (PDF). Tavernier, Florida. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-977-64790-3.
- ↑ South African Digest. South Africa Dept of Information. 1986.
- ↑ Hutson, Terry (31 January 2004). "Historical Review of SA Oil Pollution Service". Ports and Ships.
- ↑ Rosenthal, Eric (1982). Total Book of South African Records. Delta Books. p. 71. ISBN 0-908387-19-9.
Kara karantawa
gyara sasheHanyoyin haɗi na waje
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