Te Tātua a Riukiuta
Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King dutse ne mai launi kamar wuta kuma Tūpuna Maunga (dutse na kakanninmu) a cikin Sarakuna Uku, New Zealand wanda ya fashe shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata.[1] dutse yana da manyan tsaunuka guda uku da aka sani da Sarakuna Uku da kuma wasu ƙananan tsaunuka har sai an cire mafi yawansu, suna barin babban tsaunuka da aka sani na Big King.
| Te Tātua a Riukiuta | |
|---|---|
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| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 138 m |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 36°54′11″S 174°45′16″E / 36.902944°S 174.754583°E |
| Bangare na |
Auckland volcanic field (en) |
| Kasa | Sabuwar Zelandiya |
| Territory |
Auckland Region (en) |
Ilimin ƙasa
gyara sasheTe Tātua a Riukiuta tabbas shine mafi rikitarwa a cikin Filin dutsen mai launin wuta na Auckland, wanda ya kunshi manyan ƙwayoyin cuta guda biyar da kusan ƙananan ƙwayoyin, suna zaune a cikin babban rami mai iya rugujewa. Tare da gefen wannan rami zuwa kudu yana gudana Dutsen Albert Road, kuma zuwa arewa, Landscape Road. A mita 800 (2,600 a fadin kuma kusan mita 200 (660 zurfi, fashewar fashewa, wanda fashewar farko ta haifar, ita ce mafi girma a Auckland. Crater ɗin ba ya wanzu a yau.[2] Mafi girma guda uku na rukuni sune Big King a 133 metres (436 ft) tsawo, East King a 120 metres (390 ft) tsawa, da kuma Highest King, wanda yake 135 metres (443 ft) tsaunuka.
Ruwan dutse yana gudana daga nan zuwa kwarin rafi na kilomita uku zuwa Western Springs. Waɗannan kwararru sun haifar da bututun lava wanda har yanzu yana nan a ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Don haka, ruwan sama da ke fadowa a kan Te Tātua a Riukiuta da kewayen yankin ana tura su ƙarƙashin ƙasa har zuwa mil har sai ya fito a Western Springs Te Wai Ōrea Lake. Yawancin waɗannan bututun dutsen sun rushe amma sassan su sun zama koguna kuma ana iya samun damar su daga kadarorin masu zaman kansu a yankin. A baya an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka sun ci gaba da tafiya kuma sun kafa Meola Reef a Point Chevalier, amma a cikin shekarar 2008 an gano cewa tsaunukan Meola Reif sun fito ne daga tsohuwar dutsen Te Kōpuke / Dutsen Saint John.
Fashewar ta faru shekaru 28,500 da suka gabata. An gano rassan da aka ƙone da itace a cikin ramuka shida da aka hako ta hanyar Te Tātua a Riukiuta lava yana gudana a cikin shekarar 2006 kuma kwanan wata na carbon na kayan kwayoyin halitta ya samar da irin waɗannan kwanakin shida a kusa da shekaru 28,500.[1][2]
Tarihi
gyara sashe
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Sunan da ya gabata na dutsen mai fitattun wuta shine Te Tatua ko Mataaho (gidan yaƙi na Mataaho), wanda ke nufin wani allahn da ke zaune a cikin rami na Maungawhau . [3] Daga baya an daidaita shi zuwa Te Tātua a Riukiuta, wanda ke nufin Riukiuta، babban firist na Tainui waka wanda ya haɗu da layin asali daban-daban na kabilun yankin. Sunan Sarakuna Uku ya samo asali ne daga Magi na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, kuma mai binciken Kyaftin William Hobson Felton Mathew ne ya ba shi suna a shekarar 1841. Babban Sarki yana nufin na biyu mafi girma (kuma kawai ya rage).[4]
Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya kuma taɓa zama shafin yanar gizon pā, wanda aka mamaye a lokacin haɗin gwiwar Waiohua na ƙarni na 17 da 18. Kowhatukiteuru, rangatira na Yammacin Auckland iwi Te Kawerau ā Maki ne ya gina ginin dutse mai garu, don taimakawa danginsa na Waiohua Te Rauiti.[5] Te Tātua a Riukiuta ya riƙe aikin ƙasa na Māori daga wannan zamanin kamar kogin Kumara da terracing. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
An yi amfani da yankin sosai a tsawon shekaru saboda jan scoria da yake ciki, kuma daya daga cikin manyan tsaunuka uku (Te Tātua a Riukiuta / Big King) ne kawai ya kasance a yau, galibi saboda tafkin ruwa da aka gina a kan taron a farkon karni na 20. Wannan tafkin yana ƙasa da matakin ruwa na yankin kuma saboda haka ana kiyaye shi azaman tafkin samar da gaggawa kawai.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
Koyaya, ana kuma cigaba da adana manyan ɓarna a yankin da ke kewaye da su. Matsayin Ruwa na ƙasa ya zama matsala ga dutsen a cikin shekarar 1995, kuma Winstone Aggregates, kamfanin da ke aiki da dutsen, ya shirya tare da Majalisar Birnin Auckland don samar da ruwa ga yankin. Koyaya, sakamakon adawa da wannan tsari, ana zubar da ruwa cikin teku. Wannan zubar da ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da raguwa. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span>]
Yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya
gyara sasheA cikin Yarjejeniyar Waitangi ta shekarar 2014 tsakanin Crown da Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau' rukuni na 13 Auckland iwi da hapū (wanda aka fi sani da Tāmaki Collective), mallakar 14 Tūpuna Maunga na Tāmaki makaurau / Auckland, an ba da shi ga rukuni, gami da dutsen mai fashewa da ake kira Te Tātua a Riutauki. Dokar ta bayyana cewa za a riƙe ƙasar a amince da ita "don amfanin Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau da sauran mutanen Auckland". Hukumar Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau ko Hukumar Tūpun Maunga (TMA) kungiya ce ta hadin gwiwa da aka kafa don gudanar da Tūpuna maunga 14. Majalisar Auckland tana kula da Tūpuna Maunga a karkashin jagorancin TMA . [6] [7][8]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lindsay, J.M.; Leonard, G.S.; Smid, E.R.; Hayward, B.W. (December 2011). "Age of the Auckland volcanic field: a review of existing data". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 54 (4): 379–401. doi:10.1080/00288306.2011.595805. S2CID 129707270. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Lindsayetal_2011" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Te Tātua a Riukiuta". www.maunga.nz (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-07-19. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Story: Tāmaki tribes Page 1 – Tribal history and places". Te Ara. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedHayward_2011 - ↑ Waitākere Ranges Local Board (October 2015). "Local Area Plan: Te Henga (Bethells Beach) and the Waitākere River Valley. Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-0-908320-17-2. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ↑ "Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014 No 52 (as at 12 April 2022), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
- ↑ "NZGB decisions - September 2014". Land Information New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
- ↑ Council, Auckland. "Tūpuna Maunga significance and history". Auckland Council (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-07-17.
- Dutsen wuta na Auckland: Jagoran filin. Hayward, B.W.; Auckland University Press, 2019, shafi na 335 .
Haɗin waje
gyara sashe- Watercolour na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta 1875 na John Kinder, a cikin tarin Kai o Tāmaki
- Ra'ayi na shafin pā c. 1904 a cikin tarin Te Baba Tongarewa
- Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta da aka gudanar a cikin tarin al'adun Auckland
- Hotuna na Te Tātua-a-Riukiuta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihin Yaƙi na Auckland Tāmaki Paenga Hira