Sauyin yanayi a Tanzaniya
Sauyin yanayi a Tanzaniya, yana shafar yanayin na mazauna Tanzaniya. Yanayin zafi a Tanzaniya yana ƙaruwa tare da yuwuwar aukuwar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi (sakamakon ambaliya) da bushewar yanayi (sakamakon fari).
Karancin ruwa ya zama matsala mai yawa kuma yawancin manyan ruwa sun sami raguwa sosai a matakan ruwa, ciki har da tafkin Victoria, tafkin Tanganyika Lake Jipe, da tafkin Rukwa. Bangaren noma na Tanzaniya, wanda ke daukar sama da rabin al'ummar ƙasar, yana da rauni musamman saboda manoman sun dogara ne kan noman ruwan sama. [1] A daya hannun kuma, karuwar ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya haifar da ambaliyan ruwa a fadin yankin, wanda ya lalata ababen more rayuwa da rayuwa. Kaso da yawa na al'ummar Tanzaniya suna zaune a bakin tekun kuma sun dogara da kamun kifi da kiwo. [1] Ana sa ran hawan teku da sauye-sauyen ingancin ruwa za su yi tasiri ga wadannan sassa da kuma zama kalubale ga kasar. [1]
Tanzaniya ta samar da Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Aiki (NAPAs) a cikin 2007 kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi ta umarta. Hukumar ta NAPA ta bayyana sassan noma, ruwa, lafiya, da makamanci a matsayin sassan Tanzaniya da suka fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi. A cikin shekarar 2012, Tanzaniya ta samar da dabarun sauyin yanayi na ƙasa don mayar da martani ga karuwar damuwa game da mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi da sauye-sauyen yanayi kan yanayin zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙi da na zahiri na ƙasar. A cikin shekarar 2015, Tanzaniya ta ƙaddamar da gudummawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa (INDC).
Tasiri kan yanayin yanayi
gyara sashe
Tsakanin shekarar 1981 zuwa 2016 akwai wuraren bushewa a sassa na arewa maso gabas da yawancin kudancin Tanzaniya. Sabanin haka, matsakaicin yanayin jika ya faru a tsakiyar Tanzaniya da kuma yanayin jika mai ƙarfi a arewa maso yammacin ƙasar. Bayyanar yanayin dumamar yanayi yana bayyana a yanayin zafin shekara. A cikin shekarun 2090, ana hasashen dumamar yanayi tana cikin kewayon 1.6 zuwa 5.0 °C, kuma ana rarraba shi daidai a fadin kasar. [2] Domin ruwan sama akwai yarjejeniya mai ƙarfi don raguwa a matsakaicin adadin kwanakin damina da kuma ƙaruwar yawan ruwan sama a kowace rana ta ruwan sama ('ƙarfin ruwan sama'). A hade waɗannan canje-canjen suna ba da shawarar ƙarin ruwan sama mai canzawa, tare da yiwuwar busassun busassun biyu (kamar fari ) da kuma yuwuwar haɗarin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi (sau da yawa yana hade da ambaliya ). [2] Ana iya ganin tasirin sauyin yanayi na matsanancin fari, ambaliya, mutuwar dabbobi, gazawar amfanin gona da barkewar cututtuka (kamar kwalara da zazzabin cizon sauro) akai-akai. [3]
Tasiri akan mutane
gyara sasheTasirin tattalin arziki
gyara sasheNoma
gyara sasheNoma (ciki har da kiwo) shine babban yanki a cikin tattalin arzikin Tanzaniya, yana samar da rayuwa, samun kudin shiga da aikin yi. An kuma gano shi a matsayin bangaren da ya fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi . Ƙara yawan zafin jiki da 2 °C - 4 Akwai yuwuwar °C zai canza rarraba yankuna bakwai na agro-ecological na Tanzaniya. Wuraren da suke noman amfanin gona na shekara zai dace da amfanin gona na shekara. Canjin yanayi zai kasance yana haɓaka haɓaka tsiro da rage tsawon lokacin girma. [4] Rashin lahani a fannin noma na iya haɗawa da raguwar noman amfanin gona na amfanin gona daban-daban wanda ya ta'azzara ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayi da rashin hasashen yanayi na yanayi, zaizayar ƙasa tushen albarkatun ƙasa da lalacewar muhalli. [4]
Wani bincike na 2011 ya gano cewa amfanin amfanin gona duka yana shafar dumama da haɓakar haɓaka. Ƙara yawan zafin jiki da 2 °C a lokacin noman da aka yi hasashen nan da shekarar 2050 zai iya rage yawan amfanin noman shinkafa, dawa da masara da kashi 7.6%, 8.8% da 13% a Tanzaniya. An samu karuwar yawan hazo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na hazo tsakanin yanayi don rage amfanin shinkafa, dawa da masara da 7.6%, 7.2% da 4.2% bi da bi nan da 2050. [5] Misali tsananin fari da aka yi a Dodoma ya haifar da raguwar girbi da kashi 80%. [6]
Tasirin lafiya
gyara sasheAkwai wasu cututtukan da ke da saurin yanayi a Tanzaniya waɗanda za su iya zama ruwan dare yayin fari da ambaliya. [7] [6] Cututtuka masu nasaba da ruwa kamar kwalara da zazzabin cizon sauro na iya karuwa a Tanzaniya saboda sauyin yanayi. [7]
A wasu sassan Tanzaniya, an danganta ɓarkewar cutar kwalara da ƙaruwar ruwan sama. [8] An samu bullar cutar kwalara a arewa maso gabas da kudu maso gabas da tafkin Victoria da kuma yankunan gabar tekun Tanzaniya sakamakon yawan ruwan sama. [8] [9] Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa hadarin farko na kwalara ya karu da kashi 15% zuwa 19% na kowane °C yana ƙaruwa. [10] An kuma yi hasashen cewa a shekarar 2030 jimillar farashin kwalara da ke da nasaba da canjin yanayi zai kasance tsakanin kashi 0.32% zuwa 1.4% na GDP na kasar Tanzaniya. [10]
An san cewa cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ta fi yawa a lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa da kuma yanayin zafi saboda yana sanya wuraren zama na sauro (kamar tafkuna, tafkuna, rijiyoyi ko ramuka, koguna, koguna da magudanan ruwa) wuraren kiwon da suka dace. [11] [9] Misali, wani bincike da aka gudanar a gundumar Lushoto ta kasar Tanzaniya, ya bayyana cewa cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ta yi kaurin suna a lokutan damina mai yawa kuma akwai alaka da karuwar zafi. [9]
Ragewa da daidaitawa
gyara sasheManufofi da dokoki don daidaitawa
gyara sashe
Tanzaniya ta samar da Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Aiki (NAPAs) a cikin shekarar 2007 kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi ta umarta. Gabaɗayan hangen nesa na NAPA na Tanzaniya shi ne gano ayyukan daidaita sauyin yanayi cikin gaggawa da gaggawa waɗanda ke da ƙarfi don haifar da ci gaba mai dorewa na dogon lokaci a cikin canjin yanayi. Hukumar ta NAPA ta bayyana sassan noma, ruwa, lafiya, da makamashi a matsayin sassan Tanzaniya da suka fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi. [4] Yadawa da faɗaɗa fasahar da ba ta da tsada, mai saukin kai kamar murhu mai kona itace, da kuma ci gaba da saka hannun jari a madadin hanyoyin makamashi kamar iska da hasken rana.
Tanzaniya ta zayyana matakan daidaita fifiko a cikin NAPA, da dabaru daban-daban na sassan ƙasa da sakamakon bincike. Hukumar ta NAPA ta yi nasara wajen karfafa sauye-sauyen yanayi a cikin manufofin sashe a Tanzaniya; duk da haka, haɗin gwiwar tsakanin sassan da ke da mahimmanci don aiwatar da dabarun daidaitawa ya kasance mai iyaka saboda ƙalubalen hukumomi kamar rashin daidaiton wutar lantarki, ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi da kuma tsarin sashe mai tushe. [12] Yawancin ayyukan da ake yi a Tanzaniya sun shafi aikin noma da sarrafa albarkatun ruwa (ruwa, ceton ruwa, tattara ruwan sama); duk da haka, makamashi da yawon shakatawa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
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