Sanusi Hardjadinata
Mohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata (an haife shi a matsayin Samaun; 24 ga watan Yuni 1914 - 12 Disamba 1995) ɗan siyasan Indonesia ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia (PDI) daga 1975 har zuwa 1980. Kafin ya zama shugaban jam'iyya, ya rike mukamai da yawa a lokacin shugabancin Sukarno da Suharto, gami da a matsayin gwamnan West Java, memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, da ministan ministoci a cikin majalisar Djuanda da Ampera.
 Sanusi Hardjadinata | |||
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| Rayuwa | |||
| Haihuwa |
Garut (en)  , 24 ga Yuni, 1914 | ||
| ƙasa | Indonesiya | ||
| Mutuwa | Jakarta, 12 Disamba 1995 | ||
| Karatu | |||
| Harsuna |
Indonesian (en) | ||
| Sana'a | |||
| Sana'a |
civil servant (en) | ||
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Mahalarcin
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| Imani | |||
| Jam'iyar siyasa |
Indonesian Democratic Party (en) | ||
An haifi Sanusi ne a cikin dangi mai arziki a Garut, Dutch East Indies (yanzu Indonesia). Ya yi karatu a makarantar Dutch, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin malami bayan kammala karatunsa. Bayan Sanarwar 'yancin Indonesiya, an nada shi mataimakin mazaunin Priangan. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948, hukumomin Holland sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi saboda adawa da kirkirar Jihar Pasundan da ke goyon bayan Holland. An sake shi a watan Yulin 1948, kuma ya tafi Yogyakarta kuma daga baya Madiun. A can, ya taimaka wajen sake gina birnin bayan da aka gaza tashin hankali na kwaminisanci wanda ya faru 'yan watanni da suka gabata. A shekara ta 1949, an nada shi a matsayin wakilin mazaunin Priangan, kuma a lokacin sauyawa daga jihar tarayya zuwa ta hadin kai, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ilimi na jihar Pasundan. A shekara ta 1951, an nada Sanusi a matsayin gwamnan Yammacin Java, kodayake majalisa ta lardin ta kalubalanci nadin sa da farko. A matsayinsa na gwamna, ya taimaka wajen shirya Taron Bandung kuma ya kafa Jami'ar Padjadjaran a shekarar 1957.
A shekara ta 1955, an zabe shi memba na Majalisar Tsarin Mulki, kuma ya shiga cikin muhawara ta tsarin mulki har zuwa rushewar majalisar a shekara ta 1959. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1957, Firayim Minista Djuanda Kartawidjaja ya nada shi Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida. Bayan Dokar Shugaba Sukarno ta 1959, an sallami Sanusi a matsayin minista, kuma an nada shi jakadan Indonesia a Masar a maimakon haka. Ya koma Indonesia a shekarar 1964, kuma an nada shi shugaban Jami'ar Padjadjaran . Bayan sauyawa zuwa Sabon Tsarin, an nada Sanusi a matsayin ministan ministoci a cikin Ampera da kuma Revised Ampera ministocin karkashin shugaban kasar Suharto. A shekara ta 1975, an nada shi Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesia, inda ya maye gurbin Mohammad Isnaeni . A karkashin jagorancinsa, jam'iyyar ta sha wahala daga rikice-rikicen cikin gida da yawa, kuma ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban a shekarar 1980. Bayan ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar, sai ya shiga cikin Petition of Fifty . Sanusi ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1995, bayan ya sha wahala daga rikitarwa a cikin huhu, koda, da hanta. An binne jikinsa a Kabari na Sirnaraga a Bandung .
Rayuwa ta farko
gyara sasheMohammad Sanusi Hardjadinata, da farko an ba shi sunan Samaun, [1] an haife shi a ƙauyen Cinta Manik, Garut, a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1914. [2] An haife shi ne a cikin iyali mai arziki na priyayi, kuma shi ne na uku cikin yara huɗu. [2] [3] Mahaifinsa, Raden Djamhad Wirantadidjaja, shugaban ƙauyen ne, yayin da mahaifiyarsa, Nyi Mas Taswi, mace ce mai daraja.[1] Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, an kawo shi Cibatu, wani karamin gari da ke arewacin Garut.[1] A can, Samaun ya zauna tare da Raden Yuda, likita kuma dangi na mahaifinsa.[1] Daga nan aka shigar da shi cikin makarantar Tweede Klasse Inlandsche, makarantar firamare wacce ta yi amfani da yaren gida a matsayin yaren koyarwa.[1] A lokacin da Mako Cibatu, an canza sunansa daga Samaun zuwa Sanusi, kamar yadda Yuda ya ce, ya yi kama da sunan Semaun, shugaban farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Indonesia.[1]
Daga baya, Sanusi ya koma Tasikmalaya, inda ya zauna tare da Bik Endeh, 'yar Yuda.[1] Koyaya, saboda cin zarafin da ya samu daga Bik Endeh ya koma gidan da ke kusa da Bik Mariah.[1] Yayinda yake Tasikmalaya, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a wata makarantar Tweede Klasse. Koyaya, bai iya kammala karatunsa ba, yayin da ya koma Cibatu bayan kammala aji na farko kawai.[1] Komawa a Cibatu, babban ɗan'uwansa, Idris Hardjadinata ne ya tashe shi, kuma ya shiga Makarantar Hollandsch-Inlandsche (HIS). A makarantar, ya zama sananne da Sanusi Hardjadinata, yayin da yawancin ɗalibai a makarantar suka yi kuskuren gane Idris a matsayin mahaifinsa. Bayan shekaru biyu a Cibatu, Sanusi ya koma Bandung. A can, ya shiga makarantar Hollandsch Inlandsche Kweekschool (HIK), ya kammala a 1936. [1] Daga can, ya zama malami, kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar Muhammadiyah a Jakarta.[2][1] A matsayinsa na malami, Sanusi ya yi kusan gulden 25 a wata. Bayan shekara guda na koyarwa a makarantar, wani aboki ya ba shi matsayin koyarwa a wata makaranta a Muara Dua, Palembang . Ya yarda da tayin, kuma ya koma Muara Dua. Yayinda aka ninka albashinsa zuwa gulden 50 a wata, Sanusi kawai ya koyar a makaranta na watanni 6, yayin da yanayin jikinsa ya kara muni.[2] Daga baya ya tafi Baturaja, a cikin abin da ke yau Ogan Komering Ulu Regency . Koyaya, Sanusi bai zauna na dogon lokaci ba yayin da ya koma Bandung, tare da maye gurbin aikin koyarwarsa da babban janar na gaba Abdul Haris Nasution .[2]