Pōmare na II (Ngāpuhi)
Pōmare II (karni na 18 - 1850), wanda ake kira Whiria, ya kasance Māori rangatira (shugaban) na Ngāpuhi iwi (ƙabilar) a New Zealand kuma shugaban Ngāti Manu hapū (ƙabili) na Ngābuhi . Shi dan dan Pōmare I ne, [1] Haki ita ce 'yar'uwar Pōmare na farko. Lokacin da ya gaji kawunsa a matsayin shugaban Ngāti Manu ya ɗauki sunayen kawunsa, Whētoi da Pōmare . Ana kiransa Pōmare II, don rarrabe shi daga kawunsa.[1]
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Rayuwa ta farko
gyara sasheWhiria ta zauna a kudancin Bay of Islands . Ya kasance memba na Ngāti Manu ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa Haki, wacce ita ce 'yar'uwar Pōmare I, wacce ake kira Whētoi. Mahaifin Whiria shi ne Tautoro . Whiria tana da alaƙa da Te Whareumu na Ngāti Manu, wanda shine babban shugaban Kororāreka (yanzu garin Russell). A shekara ta 1815 Whiria ya zama shugaban ƙauye a yankin Waikare. Kakan Whiria Pōmare ya mutu a wani hari a Waikato a shekarar 1826, inda Whiria ya ɗauki sunayen kawunsa na Pōmare da Whētoi . A cikin 1828 Te Whareumu da Tiki, ɗan Pōmare I, an kashe su a cikin yaƙi, kuma Pōmare II ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban shugaban Ngāti Manu.[1]
Yaƙin 'yan mata (1830)
gyara sasheA cikin shekarar 1830, matsayin Pōmare II a matsayin shugaban Ngāti Manu an ƙarfafa shi a lokacin Yakin 'yan mata, wanda shine sunan da aka ba da yaƙi a bakin rairayin bakin teku a Kororāreka a watan Maris na 1830 tsakanin arewa da kudancin hapū na Ngāpuhi. Pōmare II ya goyi bayan Kiwikiwi, ɗan'uwan Te Whareumu kuma shugaban Ngāti Manu hapū na Kororāreka, lokacin da arewacin hapū karkashin jagorancin Ururoa (wanda aka fi sani da Rewharewha), shugaban Whangaroa kuma surukin marigayi Hongi Hika, ya mamaye lambunan kūmara a Kororārika a ranar 5 ga Maris 1830. Ururoa ya sami goyon baya daga wasu shugabannin daga arewacin hapū, ciki har da Hōne Heke da Rewa na Ngāti Tāwake hapū na Kerikeri .
Henry Williams, William Williams da sauran mambobin Church Missionary Society (CMS) sun zo kan bay daga Paihia don ƙoƙarin yin sulhu da kawo ƙarshen yaƙi. Ƙoƙarin sulhu ya bayyana da kyau, tare da masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje sun yi imanin cewa shugabannin za su yarda da cewa kwacewar lambunan kūmara a Kororāreka zai isa ya gamsu da zagi da aka yi wa Pehi, 'yar Hongi Hika, da Moewaka, 'yar Rewa (saboda haka ake kira yakin da Girls' War). : 78-87 Koyaya, ƙarin fada ya faru, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar Hengi, shugaban Whangaroa. Daga ƙarshe Henry Williams ya shawo kan mayaƙan su dakatar da fada. Reverend Samuel Marsden ya isa ziyara kuma a cikin makonni masu zuwa shi da Henry Williams sun yi ƙoƙari su tattauna yarjejeniyar da Pōmare II zai ba da Kororāreka ga Tītore a matsayin diyya ga mutuwar Hengi, wanda waɗanda ke cikin yaƙi suka yarda da shi.[2] : 78–87 :78–87
Abubuwan da suka faru daga Yakin 'yan mata zuwa Yarjejeniyar Waitangi
gyara sashePōmare II ya ƙarfafa pā dinsa a Ōtūihu, a fadin Opua, don ya sa ba za a iya cinye shi ba game da duk wani hari da hapū na arewacin Ngāpuhi wanda yanzu ke sarrafa Kororāreka kuma ya yi aiki don inganta kasuwanci tare da Turawa, waɗanda Samual Marsden ya bayyana su a matsayin "yawanci maza na mafi banƙyama: masu gudu, da masu aikin jirgin ruwa, da masu karuwanci, waɗanda suka buɗe grogshops a cikin pas, inda ake gudanar da tashin hankali, maye, da karuwanci kowace rana. " [1] Ya yi jayayya da mazauna Turai kuma ya kwace dukiyoyinsu a matsayin diyya. Ya kama jirgin ruwa na Kyaftin James Clendon a cikin 1832. [1] Koyaya, yawanci yana cikin abokantaka tare da Clendon.[3] Ya kuma kwace jirgin Thomas King a 1833.[1] Wannan lamari na ƙarshe ya haifar da sulhu na rikici da Henry Williams da kuma sa hannun James Busby, mazaunin Burtaniya, wanda ya haifar da HMS <i id="mwTg">Alligator</i> da ke rataye Pōmare's pā a Ōtūihu.
Ya kuma yi yaƙi na watanni uku tare da Tītore a shekarar 1837, har sai da Tāreha ta tattauna yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. [1] Hōne Heke ya yi yaƙi da Tītore a kan Pōmare II.[1][4] Wani muhimmin dalilin ya sa aka yi yaƙi shi ne jayayya game da layin iyaka na Kororāreka wanda aka mika shi sakamakon mutuwar Hengi kimanin shekaru bakwai da suka gabata a cikin Yakin 'Yan Mata. :201–206
Pōmare II ya sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1840. [1]
Flagstaff War - hari kan pā na Pōmare II
gyara sashe
Mai zane: John Williams, 58th Regt, 1845.
Alexander Turnbull Library[5]
An sanya ayyukan kwastam a shekarar 1841, wanda Hōne Heke da Pōmare II suka kalli yadda ya lalata cinikin teku wanda suka amfana - kowannensu ya karɓi jiragen ruwa masu ziyara kuɗin shiga a cikin Bay of Islands kuma tilasta ayyukan kwastomomi ya haifar da kifi da hatimi jiragen ruwa da suka zaɓi kauce wa Bay of Islands.[1] Duk da yake Pōmare II yana da korafi game da ayyukan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Waitangi, bai goyi bayan ayyukan Hōne Heke a cikin abin da aka sani da Flagstaff War ba.
Bayan Yaƙin Kororāreka a ranar 11 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1845, lokacin da Hōne Heke da Te Ruki Kawiti da mayaƙansu suka kori Kororārika da Heke sun yanke tutar, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta yi ƙoƙari ta sake kafa ikonta. A ranar 28 ga Afrilun shekarar 1845, sojoji, a ƙarƙashin umurnin Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, sun isa Bay of Islands . Kashegari sojojin sun ci gaba a kan Pōmare's pā, duk da matsayin Pōmare na tsaka-tsaki.[1] Wasiƙu na cin amana daga Pōmare zuwa Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, an ce sun kasance dalilin da ya sa aka yi niyya da Pōmare.[1]
Sojojin sun ci gaba har zuwa Pōmare's pā da kuma rikici mai tsanani. Pōmare ya yarda da buƙatun zuwa Hulme, wanda nan da nan ya ɗauke shi fursuna. Da aka yaudare shi, Pōmare ya umarci mayaƙansa kada su yi tsayayya kuma mutanensa sun tsere zuwa cikin daji da ke kewaye. An dauke shi a cikin jirgin HMS North Star . Wannan ya bar sojojin a bude don shiga, sata da kuma ƙone pā. Wannan aikin ya haifar da rikice-rikice tun har zuwa wannan lokacin Pōmare an dauke shi tsaka-tsaki, da kansa da kusan kowa. Sojojin sun kuma ƙone mashaya biyu ko shagunan grog waɗanda Pōmare ya kafa a cikin pā don ƙarfafa mazauna Pākehā, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, masu kamun kifi da sauransu don ziyartar da kasuwanci tare da shi. North Star ya koma Auckland.
An sake shi bayan da Tāmati Wāka Nene ta shiga tsakani kuma an biya shi diyya.[1] Ya kasance tsaka-tsaki a cikin rikici tsakanin Hōne Heke da Te Ruki Kawiti a kan sojojin mulkin mallaka da abokansu Ngāpuhi, waɗanda Tāmati Wāka Nene ke jagoranta.[1]
Kyauta
gyara sashePōmare II ya zama Kirista. Ya mutu a watan Yuli ko Agustan shekarar 1850. [1]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Ballara, Angela (1990). "Pōmare II". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 9 January 2017. Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCarlton1874.v1 - ↑ Rutherford, James (1966). "Clendon, James Reddy'". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ↑ Kawharu, Freda Rankin (1990). "Heke Pokai, Hone Wiremu". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Oliver, Steven (1990). "Pōmare, Hāre and Pomare, Hariata". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 9 January 2017.