Ibn al-Haytham
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham ( Latinized as Alhazen /ælˈhæzən/ suna Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم ; c. 965 – c. 1040 ) masani ne na lissafi, masanin ilmin taurari, kuma masanin kimiyyar Physics na Musulunci daga Iraki ta yau. [1] [2] Wanda ake kiranshi da
 Ibn al-Haytham | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | أَبُو عَلِيّ ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْهَيْثَم |
| Haihuwa | Basra, 965 |
| Mazauni | Kairo |
| Mutuwa | Kairo, 1039 |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Larabci Farisawa |
| Ɗalibai |
view
|
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
masanin lissafi, physicist (en)  , mai falsafa, Ilimin Taurari, inventor (en) , astrologer (en) da injiniya |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Book of Optics (en) |
| Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Aristotle |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
a matsayin Baban fasahar gani ta zamani (kyamar) ani", [3] [4] ya ba da gudummawa sosakan abinda ya shafi in gani da hangen nesa musamman. Babban littafin sa mai suna Kitāb al-Manāẓir ( Larabci : كتاب المناظر, "Littafin Optics"), wanda aka rubuta a lokacin 1011-1021, wanda aka buga shi a cikin bugun Latin. [5] Ishaku Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christian Huygens, da Galileo Galilei sun yi ta ambaton ayyukan Alhazen a lokacin juyin juya halin kimiyya.
Ibn al-Haytham shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda za'a ƙirƙira kyamara wadda za'a iya hangowa daga nesa, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa hangen nesa yana faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana mai nuni da abubuwan da aka lura cewa abin da ke tattare da shi ne kuma abin da ya shafi kwarewar mutum. [6] Ya kuma bayyana ka'idar mafi ƙarancin lokaci don hango wanda daga baya zai zama an ɗauka. [7] Ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga catoptrics da dioptrics ta hanyar nazarin tunani, refraction da yanayin hotuna da aka tattara ta hanyar haske. Ibn al-Haytham ya kasance farkon ma'abocin ra'ayin cewa dole ne a goyi bayan hasashen ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa tabbatattun hanyoyin da za a iya tabbatar da su ko kuma dalilai na lissafi - farkon majagaba a cikin hanyar kimiyya ƙarni biyar kafin masana kimiyya na Renaissance, [8] [9] [10] [11] Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin "masanin kimiyya na farko na duniya". Har ila yau ya kasance mai ilimin lissafi, yayi rubutu akan falsafa, tiyoloji da likitanci. [12]
An haife shi a Basra, ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na hazakarsa a babban birnin Fatimid na Alkahira kuma ya samu rayuwarsa wajen rubuta littafai daban-daban da koyar da mutane. [13] Ibn al-Haytham wani lokaci ana kiran sa al-Basri bayan wurin haihuwarsa, [14] ko al-Miṣri ("Basaraken"). [15] [16] An yi wa Al-Haytham laƙabi da " Ptolemy na Biyu" na Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi [17] da kuma "Mai ilimin lissafi" na John Peckham . [18] Ibn al-Haytham ya share fagen ilimin zamani na kimiyyar gani da ido (wato ta yadda za'a iya ɗaukar hoto). a taƙaice shine mutum na farko da ya ƙirƙira kyamara, ko kuma ya tabbatar da samuwar kyamara.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Also Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan, etc.; the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century".
- ↑ For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.")
- ↑ Masic, Izet (2008). "Ibn al-Haitham--father of optics and describer of vision theory". Medicinski Arhiv. 62 (3): 183–188. PMID 18822953.
- ↑ "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ↑ Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the
- ↑ Baker 2012.
- ↑ Rashed, Roshdi (2019-04-01). "Fermat et le principe du moindre temps". Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 347 (4): 357–364. Bibcode:2019CRMec.347..357R. doi:10.1016/j.crme.2019.03.010. ISSN 1631-0721. S2CID 145904123.
- ↑ Haq, Syed (2009).
- ↑ G. J. Toomer.
- ↑ "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ↑ Gorini, Rosanna (October 2003). "Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision" (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2 (4): 53–55. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
- ↑ Roshdi Rashed, Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrical Methods and the Philosophy of Mathematics: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics, Volume 5, Routledge (2017), p. 635
- ↑ According to Al-Qifti.
- ↑ O'Connor & Robertson 1999
- ↑ O'Connor & Robertson 1999
- ↑ Disputed: Corbin 1993.
- ↑ Noted by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi (c. 1097–1169), and by
- ↑ Lindberg 1967:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"."