Wikipedia

Ibn al-Haytham

Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham ( Latinized as Alhazen /ælˈhæzən/ suna Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم ; c. 965 – c. 1040 ) masani ne na lissafi, masanin ilmin taurari, kuma masanin kimiyyar Physics na Musulunci daga Iraki ta yau. [1] [2] Wanda ake kiranshi da

Ibn al-Haytham
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna أَبُو عَلِيّ ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْحَسَنٌ بْن ٱلْهَيْثَم
Haihuwa Basra, 965
Mazauni Kairo
Mutuwa Kairo, 1039
Karatu
Harsuna Larabci
Farisawa
Ɗalibai
Sana'a
Sana'a masanin lissafi, physicist (en) Fassara, mai falsafa, Ilimin Taurari, inventor (en) Fassara, astrologer (en) Fassara da injiniya
Muhimman ayyuka Book of Optics (en) Fassara
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa Aristotle
Imani
Addini Musulunci

a matsayin Baban fasahar gani ta zamani (kyamar) ani", [3] [4] ya ba da gudummawa sosakan abinda ya shafi in gani da hangen nesa musamman. Babban littafin sa mai suna Kitāb al-Manāẓir ( Larabci : كتاب المناظر, "Littafin Optics"), wanda aka rubuta a lokacin 1011-1021, wanda aka buga shi a cikin bugun Latin. [5] Ishaku Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christian Huygens, da Galileo Galilei sun yi ta ambaton ayyukan Alhazen a lokacin juyin juya halin kimiyya.


Ibn al-Haytham shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda za'a ƙirƙira kyamara wadda za'a iya hangowa daga nesa, kuma ya yi jayayya cewa hangen nesa yana faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana mai nuni da abubuwan da aka lura cewa abin da ke tattare da shi ne kuma abin da ya shafi kwarewar mutum. [6] Ya kuma bayyana ka'idar mafi ƙarancin lokaci don hango wanda daga baya zai zama an ɗauka. [7] Ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga catoptrics da dioptrics ta hanyar nazarin tunani, refraction da yanayin hotuna da aka tattara ta hanyar haske. Ibn al-Haytham ya kasance farkon ma'abocin ra'ayin cewa dole ne a goyi bayan hasashen ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa tabbatattun hanyoyin da za a iya tabbatar da su ko kuma dalilai na lissafi - farkon majagaba a cikin hanyar kimiyya ƙarni biyar kafin masana kimiyya na Renaissance, [8] [9] [10] [11] Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin "masanin kimiyya na farko na duniya". Har ila yau ya kasance mai ilimin lissafi, yayi rubutu akan falsafa, tiyoloji da likitanci. [12]

An haife shi a Basra, ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na hazakarsa a babban birnin Fatimid na Alkahira kuma ya samu rayuwarsa wajen rubuta littafai daban-daban da koyar da mutane. [13] Ibn al-Haytham wani lokaci ana kiran sa al-Basri bayan wurin haihuwarsa, [14] ko al-Miṣri ("Basaraken"). [15] [16] An yi wa Al-Haytham laƙabi da " Ptolemy na Biyu" na Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi [17] da kuma "Mai ilimin lissafi" na John Peckham . [18] Ibn al-Haytham ya share fagen ilimin zamani na kimiyyar gani da ido (wato ta yadda za'a iya ɗaukar hoto). a taƙaice shine mutum na farko da ya ƙirƙira kyamara, ko kuma ya tabbatar da samuwar kyamara.

Manazarta

gyara sashe
  1. ↑ Also Alhacen, Avennathan, Avenetan, etc.; the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century".
  2. ↑ For the description of his main fields, see e.g. Vernet 1996 ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") Sabra 2008, Kalin, Ayduz & Dagli 2009 ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), Dallal 1999 ("Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.")
  3. ↑ Masic, Izet (2008). "Ibn al-Haitham--father of optics and describer of vision theory". Medicinski Arhiv. 62 (3): 183–188. PMID 18822953.
  4. ↑ "International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO". UNESCO (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  5. ↑ Selin 2008: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the
  6. ↑ Baker 2012.
  7. ↑ Rashed, Roshdi (2019-04-01). "Fermat et le principe du moindre temps". Comptes Rendus Mécanique. 347 (4): 357–364. Bibcode:2019CRMec.347..357R. doi:10.1016/j.crme.2019.03.010. ISSN 1631-0721. S2CID 145904123.
  8. ↑ Haq, Syed (2009).
  9. ↑ G. J. Toomer.
  10. ↑ "International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics". Archived from the original on 1 October 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  11. ↑ Gorini, Rosanna (October 2003). "Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision" (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2 (4): 53–55. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 25 September 2008.
  12. ↑ Roshdi Rashed, Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrical Methods and the Philosophy of Mathematics: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics, Volume 5, Routledge (2017), p. 635
  13. ↑ According to Al-Qifti.
  14. ↑ O'Connor & Robertson 1999
  15. ↑ O'Connor & Robertson 1999
  16. ↑ Disputed: Corbin 1993.
  17. ↑ Noted by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi (c. 1097–1169), and by
  18. ↑ Lindberg 1967:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"."
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