Wikipedia

Harsunan Maban

Harsunan Maban ƙananan dangin harsuna ne waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin yankin Nilo-Sahara da aka tsara. Ana magana da yarukan Maban a gabashin Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da yammacin Sudan (Darfur).

Harsunan Maban
Linguistic classification
Glottolog maba1274[1]

Harsuna gyara sashe

Ofishin Maban ya hada da harsuna masu zuwa:

  • Mimi na Nachtigal
  • Kenjeje (Yaali, Faranga)
  • Masalit: Surbakhal, Masalit
  • Aiki (Runga da Kibet, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su harsuna daban-daban)
  • Maba: Karanga, Marfa, Maba

Harsunan da aka tabbatar a Mimi-N jerin kalmomi guda biyu da aka lakafta "Mimi", waɗanda Decorse (Mimi-D) da Nachtigal (Mimi) suka tattara, an kuma rarraba su a matsayin Maban, kodayake an kalubalanci wannan. Mimi-N ya bayyana yana da alaƙa da Maban da ya dace, yayin da Mimi-D ya bayyana ba Maban ba ne kwata-kwata, tare da kamanceceniya saboda hulɗar harshe da Maba mai rinjaye a cikin gida.

Blench (2021) ya ba da rarrabuwa mai zuwa: [2]

  • Farko-Maban
    • ? Mimi na Nachtigal
    • Aiki-Kibet
      • Aiki (= Runga)
      • Kibet
    • Babban reshe
      • Kendeje
      • Masalit, Surbakhal
      • Maban (= Mabang)

Dangantaka ta waje gyara sashe

Dangane da shaidar morphological kamar alamar lamba ta uku a kan sunayen, Roger Blench (2021) ya nuna cewa dangi mafi kusa na harsunan Maban na iya zama Harsunan Gabashin Sudan, musamman Harsunan Taman, waɗanda suka zama reshe a cikin Arewacin Gabashin Sudan. Maban kuma yana [2] kamanceceniya da harsunan Fur, Harsunan Sahara, har ma da harsuna na Songhay, amma gabaɗaya yana da ƙarin matakai na lexical tare da Harsunan Gabashin Sudan.

Kalmomin kwatankwacin gyara sashe

Blench (2021) ya gabatar da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun don proto-Maban: [2]

(p) b t d tʃ K ɡ
s (z) ʃ (h)
m n ɲ ŋ
w r r j

Wataƙila wasula sun kasance nau'ikan ATR, tare da akalla *ɛ *e *i *ɔ *o *u kuma mai yiwuwa *ɪ *ʊ, tare da tsawon.

Wataƙila akwai sautunan rajista guda biyu tare da yiwuwar sautunan layi a kan dogon wasali.

Misali na asali na ƙamus don yarukan Maban:

Harshe ido kunne hanci hakora harshe baki jini kasusuwa itace ruwa cin abinci sunan
Proto-Maban [2] *kàSì-k * Mai girma *sati-k; *sàdí-k / *sadi-ɲi *delemi-k *farin-ŋ *ta-k / *ta-si *-a baya- *Mili-ik
Maba[3] Kaʃì-k/-ñi koi-k boiñ sati-k Delmi-k kan-a/-ku Aríi Kany-k soŋgo-k Ma'auni -shekara- mílí-i/-síi
Masalit[3] Koo-gí/- eh kwó̀yɛ dúrmì kácìŋgi gélmèdì Kyadda Faring Kónjì da yake da shi sa -iny- mirsi/-ldiŋ
Aiki[3] Yanayi da yawa Kàsá Mutanen da suka fi dacewa Sai ya mutu adìyím Yuy-k Sai/-ó; sai dai Yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau rí-k tà-k -Yana da Meek-í/-ú
Kibet[3] Kàs/-u Kàsá mùndù Sai ya mutu Har ila yau, akwai yiwuwar Yuy-k fal/-u; ari njekedi / Joyam ri-k ta -Yana da M lk-i/- na' yan
Mimi na Nachtigal[4] kal kuyi huron ziːk dubu Ari kadʒi rana (< Fur?)
Mimi na Decorse[5] Ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara feɾ fir ɲain ɲyo su Ainihin ɲyam

Lambobin gyara sashe

Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban:

Rarraba Harshe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maba Maba Rashin jin daɗi, tonː mbàːr, mbíːr, Mbùl Sombu: Ka'yan Assàːl, assíː Kaːr, kaiːr sit̀tàːl, langíː < Larabci sitta Màndiː ayyáː Oddɔyí Optúɡ
Masalit Masalit (1) Taya Abokan da ke cikin Kaaŋ Aás Toor it̪í mari har ma da Ayi Za a iya amfani da shi
Masalit Masalit (2) Sieyom (ba tare da suna ba), Siele (tare da n.) a fili Rubuce-rubuce kamar yadda tur ya kasance Ma'auni aya adey Utuk
Masalit Masalit (3) tyǒm (ba tare da suna ba), tíiilò (tare da n.) Abokan da ke cikin Kaaŋ A.S.A. kai a cikin mari zuwa ga watan a ranar da aka yi amfani da ita Utik
Runga-Kibet Kibet doˈwai A cikinsa khasaŋˈɡal ʔaːtal ya zama abin ƙyama ʔiˈsal mɪndɪrˈsɪʔ mbaːkhl Kayan da za a yi amfani da su Ya yi amfani da shi
Runga-Kibet Runga Khanˈda mba khazaŋɡa ya zo da kansa tur Izne mɪnˈdirsi mbɑkadeli Khaddɛl jtukia

Dubi kuma gyara sashe

Manazarta gyara sashe

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maba1274 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
  4. ↑ Lukas, Johannes & Otto Völckers. 1938. G. Nachtigal's Aufzeichnungen über die Sprache der Mimi in Wadai. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 29. 145‒154.
  5. ↑ Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In Actes du XVIe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Kalmomin da suka shafi abin da suka faru. 2008. Binciken zamantakewa da harshe na yarukan Kibet, Rounga, Daggal da Mourro na Chadi. SIL International.

Ƙarin karantawa gyara sashe

  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Maba-rukunin Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität a cikin Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
  • Edgar, John. 1991. Mataki na farko zuwa ga Proto-Maba. Harsuna da Al'adu na Afirka 4: 113-133.

Haɗin waje gyara sashe

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