Harsunan Boro-Garo

Boro–Garo
Geographic distribution	Northeast India, Bangladesh
Linguistic classification	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Central Tibeto-Burman languages (?) Sal Boro–Garo; ; ; ;
Subdivisions	Boro; Garo; Koch; Deori; Dimasa; Kokborok; Tiwa;
Glottolog	bodo1279

Harsunan Boro–Garo reshe ne na harsunan Sino-Tibet, ana magana da su a arewa maso gabashin Indiya da sassan Bangladesh .

Harsunan Boro–Garo sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu: Boro, Garo, Koch da Deori. Harsunan Boro-Garo a tarihi sun yadu sosai a ko'ina cikin kwarin Brahmaputra da kuma a cikin yankunan arewacin Bangladesh, ^[3] kuma ana hasashen cewa yaren proto-Boro-Garo shine yare na kwarin Brahmaputra kafin a maye gurbinsa. ta harshen Assamese, wanda ya ba da babbar gudunmawa.

rassan gyara sashe

Template:CSS image cropAn gano harsunan Boro-Garo a cikin Binciken Harshen Grierson na Indiya, kuma an ba da sunayen harsunan da makamancinsu na zamani a ƙasa a cikin tebur.

Suna a cikin LSI	Sunayen zamani
Bodo	Boro
Lalung	Tiwa
Dimasa	Dimasa
Garo	Garo
Koch	Koch
Rabha	Rabha
Tripuri	Kokborok
Chutiya	Deori
Moran	Moran (tun da bacewar)

Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi gyara sashe

Harsunan Boro-Garo an ƙara raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu ta Burling.

Harsunan Koch : Atong, Koch, Ruga, Rabha
Harsunan Garo : Garo, Megam
Bodo Languages : Bodo, Dimasa, Barman, Tiwa, Kokborok (Tripuri), Kachari, Moran
Harshen Deori

Tsohon Hajong na iya zama yaren Bodo-Garo.

Barman shine yaren Bodo-Garo da aka gano kwanan nan. ^[4]

Boro harshe ne na hukuma na jihar Assam . Kokborok (Tripuri) ɗaya ne daga cikin yarukan hukuma na jihar Tripura . Garo babban yaren hukuma ne na Meghalaya . Harsunan Khasic sun yi tasiri sosai ga Megam, yayin da Deori-Chutia ta harshen Idu Mishmi .

Harsunan dangi suna da tsari na kalma -fi'ili-na ƙarshe . Akwai wasu sassauƙa a cikin tsari na gardama, amma ana nuna banbancin zarge-zarge tare da clitics na baya-bayan nan. Harsunan kuma suna ƙaddamar da ƙira zuwa ƙididdiga masu gyara sunaye. tashin hankali, al'amari da yanayi ana nuna su ta hanyar amfani da suffixes . ^[5]

Asalin gyara sashe

Haɗin harsunan Boro–Garo da harsunan Konyak da Jingphaw sun nuna cewa proto-Boro-Garo ya shiga Assam daga wani wuri zuwa arewa maso gabas. An ba da shawarar cewa yaren proto -Boro-Garo ya kasance yare ne na al'ummomin harsuna daban-daban, ba duka waɗanda suke jin yaren asali ba ne, kuma ya fara ne a matsayin harshe na ɗan adam . Wannan zai yi la'akari da raguwar ilimin halittar jiki na Boro-Garo, tare da abin da ilimin halittar jiki ke kasancewa galibi kasancewa na yau da kullun, sako-sako da ɗaure, kuma tare da bayyananniyar ilimin ƙa'idar halitta, alamu na yau da kullun na asalin kwanan nan. ^[6]

Rabewa gyara sashe

Joseph & Burling (2006) gyara sashe

Bishiyar Iyali ta Harshen Boro-Garo (Burling, 2012). Deuri, a baya da ake kira "Chutia" kuskure, shine rabuwa ta farko kuma shine mafi nisa daga sauran harsuna a cikin wannan rukuni. Asalin harshen Boro-Garo na mutanen Chutia, waɗanda ke magana da Assamese a halin yanzu, ba a sani ba. Moran, harshe na ƙungiyar Boro, an rubuta shi na ƙarshe a farkon karni na 20 kuma ba a tabbatar da shi ba. Kungiyar Rabha kuma ana kiranta kungiyar Koch . Don haka, akwai ƙananan ƙungiyoyi huɗu a cikin wannan rarrabuwar harsunan Boro-Garo: Deori, Boro, Garo da Rabha/Koch.

Joseph & Burling (2006:1-2) sun rarraba harsunan Boro–Garo zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi huɗu. Itace (2008:6) ita ma tana bin wannan rarrabuwa.

Deori
Harsunan Boro : Boro, Kokborok, Tiwa
Garo
Harsunan Koch : Koch, Rabha, Wanang, Atong, da Ruga

Jacquesson (2006) gyara sashe

Jacquesson (2017:112) ^[3] ya rarraba harsunan Boro-Garo kamar haka, kuma ya gane manyan rassa uku (Yamma, Tsakiya, da Gabas). Harsunan Koch da Garo an haɗa su a matsayin Western Boro-Garo.

Yamma
- Garo ,
- Rabba, Koh
Tsakiya
- Boro, Mech
- Bru
- Dimasa, Moran
- Kokborok
Gabas
- Deori

Jacquesson (2017) ^[3] ya yi imanin cewa harsunan Boro–Garo sun isa wurin da suke a yanzu daga kudu maso gabas, kuma ya lura da kamanceceniya da aka raba tare da harsunan Zeme da harsunan Kuki-Chin .

Sake ginawa gyara sashe

Joseph and Burling (2006) da Wood (2008) sun sake gina Proto-Boro-Garo .

↑ Also known as Boro-Konyak-Jingpho or Brahmaputran.
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bodo-Garo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jacquesson, François and van Breugel, Seino (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 40, 90-122.doi:10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van [Note: English translation of the French original: Jacquesson, François (2006). ‘La reconstruction linguistique du passé: Le cas des language Boro-Garo’. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 101(1): 273–303.] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jacquesson2017" defined multiple times with different content
↑ A brief linguistic sketch of the Barman Thar (Language). Tezpur University.
↑ Wood 2008.
↑ Empty citation (help)

[1] Also known as Boro-Konyak-Jingpho or Brahmaputran.

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bodo-Garo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Jacquesson2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Jacquesson, François and van Breugel, Seino (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 40, 90-122.doi:10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van [Note: English translation of the French original: Jacquesson, François (2006). ‘La reconstruction linguistique du passé: Le cas des language Boro-Garo’. Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 101(1): 273–303.] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Jacquesson2017" defined multiple times with different content

[:2-4] A brief linguistic sketch of the Barman Thar (Language). Tezpur University.

[FOOTNOTEWood2008-5] Wood 2008.

[6] Empty citation (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]