Harshen Makhuwa
Makhuwa (Emakhuwa; kuma ana rubuta Makua da Macua) shine Harshen Bantu na farko na arewacin Mozambique . [4]Mutanen Makua miliyan huɗu ne ke magana da shi, waɗanda ke zaune a arewacin Kogin Zambezi, musamman a Lardin Nampula, wanda kusan dukkanin kabilanci ne na Makua. Ita ce yaren asalin ƙasar da aka fi magana da ita a Mozambique.
| Harshen Makhuwa | |
|---|---|
'Yan asalin magana | 7,430,000 |
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
vmw |
| Glottolog |
maku1279[1] |
| Makhuwa | |
|---|---|
| Emakuana | |
| 'Yan asalin ƙasar | Mozambique, Tanzania |
| Ƙabilar | Makua |
Masu magana da asali
|
Miliyan 8.6 (2017) [2] |
Nijar-Congo?
| |
| Latin | |
| Lambobin harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | Bambance-bambance:vmw - Makhuwamgh na Tsakiya - Makhuwa-Meettovmk - Makhuwa -Shirimakzn - Kokolallb - Lolomny - Manyawavmr - Marenjetke - Takwanexsq" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="iso639-3:xmc">xmc - Makhuwa |
| Glottolog | maku1279 Makua-Lomwe; ya kara da Lomwe & Moniga Chuwabo; ya kara Chuwabokoko1267 Kokolamany1259 Manyawa |
P.31[3]
| |
Baya ga harsuna a cikin wannan rukuni, eMakhuwa ya bambanta da sauran harsunan Bantu ta hanyar asarar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden + wasula don goyon bayan e; kwatanta epula', "ruwa", tare da Tswana pula.
Tsawon da gajerun wasula suna rarrabe halaye biyar /i e a o u/, wanda ba a saba gani ba ga yaren Bantu:
- Omala - don gama,
- Omaala - don mannewa, tsayawa
- Omela - don tsiro, bud
- omeela - don raba
Harshen sun fi rikitarwa: p tt da tth sun wanzu, ana amfani da p da ph. Dukkanin 'x' (Turanci "sh") da h sun wanz yayin da x ya bambanta da s. Yankin, akwai kuma ng">θ ("th" na Turanci "thorn"), ð ("th" ya Turanci "seethe"), z da ng. Mis[5] a cikin eLomwe, wanda Makhuwa ke da alaƙa da shi, tt na eMakhuwa yana wakiltar "ch" kamar yadda yake a cikin "coci" na Turanci.
Fasahar sauti gyara sashe
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi gyara sashe
| Labari | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | ba tare da murya ba | p | t | Sanya | c | k | ||
| da ake nema | ph | th | Sanya | kh | ||||
| Fricative | ba tare da murya ba | f | s | ʃ | h | |||
| murya | v | (θ) ~ð | z | |||||
| Hanci | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| Hanyar gefen | l | ʎ | ||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Kusanci | w | j | ||||||
Sautin sautin gyara sashe
| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i iː | u uː | |
| Tsakanin | eːda kuma | o oː | |
| Bude | a aː |
Sauti gyara sashe
A cikin Makhuwa, sautin ya bambanta. A cikin yaren eNahara, akwai sautuna biyu, ƙasa (L) da sama (H), kuma sautin da ke ɗauke da sautin a cikin ilimin Makhuwa shine mora. Sautin da ba a yi masa alama ba a rubuce, yayin da sautin da ya fi girma yana nunawa ta hanyar karin magana a sama da wasula ko hanci (á, ń) ko kusa da sautin sautin ('l).
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Makhuwa". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Central Makhuwa at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
Makhuwa-Meetto at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
Makhuwa-Shirima at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
Kokola at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
Lolo at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
Manyawa at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) - ↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ↑ Relatório do I Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas. NELIMO, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, 1989.
- ↑ Relatório do I Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas. NELIMO, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, 1989.
