Harshen Kasena
Kasena ko Kassena ( Kasem ko Kassem ) harshe ne na ƙabilar Kassena kuma harshe ne Gur da ake magana da shi a yankin Gabas ta Gabas na arewacin Ghana da Burkina Faso .
| Harshen Kasena | |
|---|---|
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
xsm |
| Glottolog |
kase1253[1] |
Rubutu
gyara sasheHaruffa 30 mai zaman kanta da ake kira Goulsse haruffa (daga gʋlse, "rubutu" a cikin Mooré ) ta Burkinabé app Wenitte Apiou, Babaguioue Micareme Akouabou da kuma masanin harshe na Kassem Fernand Ki ne suka kirkira a lokacin rani na 2021 bisa tsarin gine-ginen geometric da aka samu a Kassena.[2] Hakanan ana shirin amfani da haruffan don yaren Mooré mai alaƙa kuma.
Fassarar sauti
gyara sasheSautin
gyara sasheAkwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.[3]
Nahawu
Wu
Akwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.
A
Nahawu
gyara sasheSunan Class System
gyara sashe| Jinsi | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bu | biə | yara / yara |
| 2 | bɪnɪ | bɪna | shekara(s) |
| 3 | naga | ba | kafa/kafa |
| 4 | piu | pweeru | montain(s) |
| 5 | bʊŋʊ | ba m | akuya (s) |
Karin magana
gyara sasheSunan Sunan Kai/Masu Suna
gyara sasheAkwai nau'ikan karin magana guda biyu na sirri. Wani aji yana nufin mutane, yayin da ɗayan ajin yana nufin abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba. Hakanan ana amfani da karin magana na sirri a matsayin karin magana, don haka babu wani nau'i na musamman na karin magana a cikin Kasena.[3]
Sunan mutum na sirri
| Mutum | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | A | Dí | I/mu |
| Na biyu | N | A | Kai/kai |
| 3rd | O | Ba | Shi/ta/Su |
Karin magana na mutum ba na mutum ba
| Class | SG | PL |
|---|---|---|
| I | O | Ba |
| II | Dɪ | Ya |
| III | Ka | Sɪ |
| IV | Ku | Tɪ |
| V | Ku | Dɪ |
Ƙaddara Karin Magana
gyara sashe| Mutum | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | amʊ | dcbam | Ni/mu |
| Na biyu | nm | abam | Kai/kai |
| 3rd | wʊm/ wʊntu | bam/bant | Shi/ta/su |
Maganganun Magana
gyara sasheAna bayyana ma'anar juna ta hanyar karin magana daanɪ, wanda wani lokaci yakan faru azaman prefix ko kari .
Maganganun Magana
gyara sasheReflexivity yana bayyana ta hanyar karin magana na sirri wanda ko dai tɪtɪ ko katɪ ('-self') aka ƙara masa.
Dangantakar Karin Magana
gyara sasheAn samar da ƙarin suna na dangi bisa tushen karin magana na sirri ga abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba waɗanda aka haɗa suffix -lʊ .
| Class | SG | PL |
|---|---|---|
| I | wʊl | bal' |
| II | d ƙara | yal |
| III | kal | saƙa |
| IV | ku l | ɗaɗɗa |
| V | ku l | d ƙara |
| Class | Lamba | Tabbas | Wasu | Kowa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | SG | wʊdoŋ | --- | wʊlʊ wʊl |
| I | PL | badonnə | badara | bala'i |
| II | SG | dɪ yi | --- | dɗaɗɗi |
| II | PL | yadonnə | yada | yal ʊ yal |
| III | SG | kado | --- | kal ʊ kal |
| III | PL | sɪdonnə | sɪdaara | sɪlʊ sɪl |
| IV | SG | kowa | --- | k'l' k'l |
| IV | PL | donnə | daɗa | tɗaɗɗa |
| V | SG | kowa | --- | k'l' k'l |
| V | PL | dɪdonnə | dɪdaara | dɗaɗɗi |
| Class | SG | Gloss | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | wuntu | wannan / wancan | bantu | wadannan/wadannan |
| II | dɪntu | wannan / wancan | yantu | wadannan/wadannan |
| III | kantu | wannan / wancan | zuntu | wadannan/wadannan |
| IV | kuntu | wannan / wancan | tanta | wadannan/wadannan |
| V | kuntu | wannan / wancan | dɪntu | wadannan/wadannan |
| Class | SG wane, me, wane | PL wane, menene, wane | Nawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | wɔɔ | rigar mama | bagra |
| II | dɔɔ | yayi | yagra |
| III | kɔɔ | suke | tsiri |
| IV | kɔɔ | tɔɔ | ƙasa |
| V | kɔɔ | dɔɔ | dgra |
Daidaitawa
gyara sasheTsarin Kalma
gyara sasheHarshen Kasena yana da ainihin tsarin kalmomin SVO.[4]
Nassoshi
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kasena". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Brookes, Tim (August 23, 2022). "The Vanderbilt-Burkina Faso Connection". Endangered Alphabets. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Niggli, Urs; Niggli, Idda (2008). Grammaire élémentaire du kasim. Burkina Faso: Société Internationale de Linguistique.
- ↑ "The VP-periphery in Mabia languages | Kasem". The VP-periphery in Mabia languages (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-17.