Kasena ko Kassena ( Kasem ko Kassem ) harshe ne na ƙabilar Kassena kuma harshe ne Gur da ake magana da shi a yankin Gabas ta Gabas na arewacin Ghana da Burkina Faso .

Harshen Kasena
Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 xsm
Glottolog kase1253[1]

Haruffa 30 mai zaman kanta da ake kira Goulsse haruffa (daga gʋlse, "rubutu" a cikin Mooré ) ta Burkinabé app Wenitte Apiou, Babaguioue Micareme Akouabou da kuma masanin harshe na Kassem Fernand Ki ne suka kirkira a lokacin rani na 2021 bisa tsarin gine-ginen geometric da aka samu a Kassena.[2] Hakanan ana shirin amfani da haruffan don yaren Mooré mai alaƙa kuma.

Fassarar sauti

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Akwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.[3]

Nahawu

 

Wu

Wu Futur

Akwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.  

A

A "Ka (PL)"

Sunan Class System

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Jinsi SG PL Gloss
1 bu biə yara / yara
2 bɪnɪ bɪna shekara(s)
3 naga ba kafa/kafa
4 piu pweeru montain(s)
5 bʊŋʊ ba m akuya (s)

Karin magana

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Sunan Sunan Kai/Masu Suna

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Akwai nau'ikan karin magana guda biyu na sirri. Wani aji yana nufin mutane, yayin da ɗayan ajin yana nufin abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba. Hakanan ana amfani da karin magana na sirri a matsayin karin magana, don haka babu wani nau'i na musamman na karin magana a cikin Kasena.[3]


Sunan mutum na sirri

Mutum SG PL Gloss
1st A I/mu
Na biyu N A Kai/kai
3rd O Ba Shi/ta/Su

Karin magana na mutum ba na mutum ba

Class SG PL
I O Ba
II Ya
III Ka
IV Ku
V Ku

Ƙaddara Karin Magana

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Mutum SG PL Gloss
1st amʊ dcbam Ni/mu
Na biyu nm abam Kai/kai
3rd wʊm/ wʊntu bam/bant Shi/ta/su

Maganganun Magana

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Ana bayyana ma'anar juna ta hanyar karin magana daanɪ, wanda wani lokaci yakan faru azaman prefix ko kari .  

Maganganun Magana

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Reflexivity yana bayyana ta hanyar karin magana na sirri wanda ko dai tɪtɪ ko katɪ ('-self') aka ƙara masa.  

Dangantakar Karin Magana

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An samar da ƙarin suna na dangi bisa tushen karin magana na sirri ga abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba waɗanda aka haɗa suffix -lʊ .

Class SG PL
I wʊl bal'
II d ƙara yal
III kal saƙa
IV ku l ɗaɗɗa
V ku l d ƙara
Class Lamba Tabbas Wasu Kowa
I SG wʊdoŋ --- wʊlʊ wʊl
I PL badonnə badara bala'i
II SG dɪ yi --- dɗaɗɗi
II PL yadonnə yada yal ʊ yal
III SG kado --- kal ʊ kal
III PL sɪdonnə sɪdaara sɪlʊ sɪl
IV SG kowa --- k'l' k'l
IV PL donnə daɗa tɗaɗɗa
V SG kowa --- k'l' k'l
V PL dɪdonnə dɪdaara dɗaɗɗi
Class SG Gloss PL Gloss
I wuntu wannan / wancan bantu wadannan/wadannan
II dɪntu wannan / wancan yantu wadannan/wadannan
III kantu wannan / wancan zuntu wadannan/wadannan
IV kuntu wannan / wancan tanta wadannan/wadannan
V kuntu wannan / wancan dɪntu wadannan/wadannan
Class SG wane, me, wane PL wane, menene, wane Nawa
I wɔɔ rigar mama bagra
II dɔɔ yayi yagra
III kɔɔ suke tsiri
IV kɔɔ tɔɔ ƙasa
V kɔɔ dɔɔ dgra

Daidaitawa

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Tsarin Kalma

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Harshen Kasena yana da ainihin tsarin kalmomin SVO.[4]

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kasena". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Brookes, Tim (August 23, 2022). "The Vanderbilt-Burkina Faso Connection". Endangered Alphabets. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Niggli, Urs; Niggli, Idda (2008). Grammaire élémentaire du kasim. Burkina Faso: Société Internationale de Linguistique.
  4. "The VP-periphery in Mabia languages | Kasem". The VP-periphery in Mabia languages (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-17.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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