Zamanin Tagulla
Zamanin Tagulla wani lokaci ne na tarihi, wanda ya dawwama tun daga kusan shekaru 3300 BC zuwa 1200 BC, lokaci ne da tagulla ya kasance tattalin arziki mafi muhimmanci, kasancewar rubuce-rubuce a wasu yankuna, da sauran abubuwan farko na wayewar birane. Zamanin Bronze shine na biyu daga cikin muhimman lokuta na tsarin shekaru uku wanda Christian Jürgensen Thomsen ya gabatar a shekarar 1836 don rarrabawa da nazarin tsoffin al'ummomi da tarihi.
 Zamanin Tagulla | |
|---|---|
archaeological age (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Prehistory |
| Bangare na |
Holocene (en) |
| Suna saboda | holoko |
| Mabiyi |
Stone Age da Chalcolithic (en) |
| Ta biyo baya |
Iron Age (en) |
| Lokacin farawa | 3300 "BCE", 3200 "BCE" da 3100 "BCE" |
| Lokacin gamawa | 1200 "BCE", 300 "BCE" da 600 "BCE" |
An yi la'akari da zamunan wayayyun al'umma na baya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Zamanin Tagulla saboda suna amfani da tagulla ta hanyar narkar da ita da jan karfe sannan su haɗa ta da tin, arsenic, ko wasu karafa, ko kuma suyi amfani da ita wajen saye da sayarwa a wasu wuraren. Tagulla ya fi sauran karafa da ke akwai a wancan lokacin, wanda hakan ba da damar wayewar kai ta hanyar amfani da Tagulla wajen sarrafa abuwan cigaba iri iri da kuma samun fa'idar fasaha.
A yayin da aininhin ƙarfe ya yawaita, mafi girman zafin wuta da ake buƙata wajen narkashi shine 1,250 °C (2,280 °F), ban da wahalar aiki da shi, hakan ya sanya an rage amfanin dashi wajen mafi akasarin ayyuka har zuwa ƙarshen karni na biyu kafin zuwa Yesu. Karancin zafin wuta da ake bukata wajen narka gwangwani wato 231.93 °C (449.47 °F) da kuma matsakaicin zafin wuta na narka jan karfe wato 1,085 °C (1,985 °F) ya sanya sun zamo muhimman kayan sarrafa tukwane na zamanin Neolithic, wanda ya soma daga 6,000 BC kuma sun sami damar samar da wuta mai zafin sama da 900 °C (1,650 °F) . Ba'a cika samun jan karfe da gwangwani ba, tun da babu tagulla a Yammacin Asiya kafin a fara cinikin tagulla a karni na 3 BC . A duk duniya, Zamanin Tagulla sun kasance daga cikin lokutan baya na Neolithic, tare da Zamanin Duwatsu da Jan Karfe a bayansu.
Al'adun zamanin Tagulla sun bambanta wajen haɓaka a rubuce . Bisa ga shaidar archaeological, al'adu a Mesopotamiya ( rubutun cuneiform ) da Masar ( hieroglyphs ) sun haɓaka tsarin rubutu na farko.
Amfanin ƙarfe
gyara sashe
Wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da yawan amfani da tagulla, koda kuwa manyan mutane kadai ke iya mallakar sa daga farko, kodayake fara amfani da tagulla da cigaban fasahar tagulla ba su kasance a daidai lokaci daya ba duniya. [1] Fasahar sarrafa tagulla na gwangwani da ɗan adam ya yi na buƙatar saita dabarun samarwa. Dole ne a haƙo gwangwani (mafi yawa daga mahaknsu na cassiterite ) kuma a narkar da shi daban, sannan a saka shi a cikin jan karfe mai zafi don yin gami da tagulla. Zamanin Bronze lokaci ne na yawan amfani da karafa da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci (Duba tushen Tin da kasuwanci a zamanin da ). Wani rahoto na 2013 ya nuna cewa farkon kwanakin tagulla na tin-alloy zuwa tsakiyar karni na 5 BC a cikin rukunin al'adun Vinča a Pločnik ( Serbiya ), kodayake wannan al'ada ba a la'akari da ita wani ɓangare na Zamanin Bronze. [2] An yi sabani game da kwanan wata na foil. [3] [4]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Bronze was independently discovered in the Maykop culture of the North Caucasus as early as the mid-4th millennium BC, which makes them the producers of the oldest-known bronze. However, the Maykop culture only had arsenical bronze. Other regions developed bronze and its associated technology at different periods.
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