Yaroslav mai hikima
Yaroslav I Vladimirovich[lower-alpha 1] (c. 978–20 February 1054 ), wanda aka fi sani da Yaroslav mai hikima,[lower-alpha 2] ya kasance Babban Yariman Kiev daga shekarar alif dubu daya da goma sha tara 1019 har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar alif dubu daya da hamsin da hudu 1054. Ya kuma kasance Yariman Novgorod daga shekarar alif dubu daya da goma 1010 zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da talatin da hudu 1034 da Yarima na Rostov daga shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da bakwai 987 zuwa shekarar alif dubu daya da goma 1010, ya haɗe kawunanan manyan hukumomi na wani lokaci. Sunan roslav bana ftisma na shine George[lower-alpha 3] a madadin Saint George .
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Yaroslav ɗa ne ga Vladimir Mai Girma da Rogneda na Polotsk. Yaroslav ya mallaki ƙasashen arewacin da ke kusa da Rostov kafin a canja shi zuwa Novgorod a cikin 1010. Yana da dangantaka mai tsanani da mahaifinsa kuma ya ki biyan haraji ga Kiev a cikin 1014. Bayan mutuwar Vladimir a shekara ta 1015, Yaroslav ya yi yaƙi mai rikitarwa don kursiyin Kievan a kan ɗan'uwansa Sviatopolk, wanda ya ci nasara a shekara ta 1019 .
A matsayinsa na Babban Yarima na Kiev, Yaroslav ya mayar da hankali kan manufofin kasashen waje, ya kafa ƙawance da ƙasashen Scandinavia da kuma raunana tasirin Byzantine a Kiev. Ya sami nasarar kama yankin da ke kusa da Tartu na yanzu, Estonia, ya kafa sansanin Yuryev, kuma ya tilasta yankunan da ke kusa da su biya haraji. Yaroslav ya kuma kare jiharsa daga kabilun makiyaya kamar su Pechenegs ta hanyar gina katangun kariya. Ya kasance mai yawan siyan wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, ya tallafa wajen gina Cathedral na Saint Sophia a cikin 1037 da kuma inganta aikin farko na wallafe-wallafe na Tsohon Gabashin Slavic na Hilarion na Kiev.
Yaroslav ya auri Ingegerd Olofsdotter a alif 1019 kuma yana da 'ya'ya da yawa waɗanda suka yi aure a cikin iyalan sarauta na ƙasashen waje. ''Ya'yansa daga aurensa na biyu sun ci gaba da mulki a sassa daban-daban na Kievan Rus'. An san Yaroslav da inganta hadin kai tsakanin 'ya'yansa da kuma jaddada muhimmancin rayuwa cikin salama. Bayan mutuwarsa, an sanya jikinsa a cikin sarcophagus a cikin Cathedral na Saint Sophia, amma daga baya an rasa gawarsa ko sata. Kyautar Yaroslav ta haɗa da kafa garuruwa da yawa da kuma samun abubuwan tunawa da cibiyoyi da yawa da aka sanya masa suna.
Daukaka zuwa sarauta
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Ba'a san shekarun rayuwar Yaroslav na yarinta ba sosai. [3] Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza da yawa na Vladimir the Mai Girma, mai yiwuwa na biyu daga Rogneda na Polotsk, [4] kodayake ainihin shekarunsa (kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Tarihin Asali kuma an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar nazarin kwarangwal a cikin shekarun 1930) [5] zai sanya shi cikin ƙananan yara na Vladimir.
An bada labari cewa shi yaro ne wanda aka haifa ba tare da aure ba bayan kisan Vladimir da Rogneda da auren Anna Porphyrogenita, kuma an ce shi ɗan Anna Porphirogenita ne da kanta. [3] Masanin tarihin Faransa Jean-Pierre Arrignon ya yi jayayya cewa shi dan Anna ne, saboda hakan ya bayyana dalilin tsoma baki a cikin al'amuran Byzantine na shekara ta 1043.
Bugu [6] ƙari, Mykola Kostomarov ya yi jayayya game da asalin Yaroslav ta Rogneda na Polotsk a cikin karni na 19. [7] [8] Yaroslav ya fito fili a cikin Norse sagas a ƙarƙashin sunan Jarisleif the Lame; sanannen tawayansa (watakila sakamakon raunin kibiya) masana kimiyya waɗanda suka bincika gawarsa sun tabbatar da shi. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2015)">citation needed</span>]
A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, mahaifinsa ya tura shi don ya mallaki ƙasashen arewacin Rostov. An canja shi zuwa Veliky Novgorod, [9] kamar yadda ya dace da babban magajin sarauta, a cikin 1010. Yayinda yake zaune a can, ya kafa garin Yaroslavl (a zahiri, "Yaroslav") a kan Kogin Volga . Dangantakarsa da mahaifinsa a bayyane take ta lalace, [9] kuma ta kara muni a kan labarin cewa Vladimir ya ba da kursiyin Kievan ga ƙaramin ɗansa, Boris. [9] cikin 1014 Yaroslav ya ki biyan haraji ga Kiev kuma mutuwar Vladimir ne kawai, a watan Yulin 1015, ta hana yaƙi.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Olafr svænski gifti siðan Ingigierði dottor sina Iarizleifi kononge syni Valldamars konongs i Holmgarðe (Fagrskinna ch. 27). Also known as Jarisleif I. See Google books
- ↑ Raffensperger, Christian; Pevny, Olenka (1 June 2021). "Revising Kyivan Rus' for the Twenty-First Century. Christian Raffensperger and Olenka Pevny". PostgraduateKMA. Retrieved 13 March 2024. (1:13:10)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Arrignon J. —P.
- ↑ Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition, Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, Vol.
- ↑ Perkhavko VB, Sukharev Yu.
- ↑ Kuzmin A. G. Yaroslav the Wise // Great statesmen of Russia.
- ↑ Kuzmin A. G. Initial stages of the Old Russian annals.
- ↑ Kostomarov, Mykola.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition, Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, 178.
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