Yarjejeniyar Axim
An kammala Yarjejeniyar Axim tsakanin Netherlands da sarakunan Axim a yankin yammacin tekun Gold Coast (Afirka ta Yamma) kuma an sanya hannu a Fort St. Anthony kusa da Axim a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1642. Yarjejeniyar ta kayyade ikon Netherlands da Kamfanin Dutch West India Company a cikin gari da kuma ikon Axim bayan Kamfanin Dutch West India Company ya yi nasarar kai farmaki ga Fotigal waɗanda ke zaune a Fort St. Anthony a cikin garin. A tsawon lokaci, yarjejeniyar ta kasance wani ɓangare kuma an maye gurbin ta da sabbin kwangila da yarjejeniyoyi. Yarjejeniyar ta kasance tushen tushen ikon Dutch da alaƙar siyasa tsakanin Axim da Dutch har sai ƙarshen ya bar Gold Coast a 1872.
 | |
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
| Suna saboda | Axim |
| Wuri | Fort Saint Anthony |
Signatory (en)  |
Dutch Republic (en) |
Bayan Fage gyara sashe
Jihar Axim, wacce a yanzu ake kira Yankin Yammacin Jamhuriyar Ghana, ta kafa ikon yanki a cikin yanayin birni tare da manyan sarakuna biyu, kowannensu yana da yankinsa da mazabarsa. Axim ya kasance gidan kasuwanci na Fotigal tun daga ƙarshen karni na 15, an ƙarfafa shi da sansanin St. Antonio (St. Anthony) tun farkon karni na 16.[1]
Bayan cinye babban ginin Fotigal a Elmina a 1637, Kamfanin Dutch West India Company ya hanzarta karya juriya ta Portuguese a wani wuri kusa da bakin tekun. Ƙarfafawa a Axim shine babban sansanin da ya rage. Yaren mutanen Holland sun kwace sansanin a shekara ta 1642, sun baiwa Fotigal da kawayensu damar wucewa kyauta, kuma sun yi yarjejeniya da shugabannin siyasa na Axim domin daidaita lamarin. Tare da cin nasarar Axim, Mutanen Holland ya zama babban iko a yankin.[1][2]
An kammala yarjejeniya da manyan sarakuna biyu na Axim a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1642, nan da nan bayan mamaye sansanin. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na musamman, waɗanda ke ma'amala da batutuwa daban -daban. Da fari dai, an fuskanci canjin aminci daga Fotigal zuwa na Dutch tare da shelar ƙiyayya ga abokan gaba na Dutch. Dangane da ikon da Dutch ta buƙaci iko akan harkokin kasashen waje na jihar, mai yiwuwa kawai dangane da sauran ƙasashen Turai, kodayake ana iya karantawa don haɗa dukkan ƙasashen waje.[3]
An bai wa Fotigal da kawayensu da ke cikin sansanin da gari lafiya hanya da taimako tare da tashi daga Axim.[3] Ragowar yarjejeniyar ta shafi taimakon juna a lokacin yaƙi, ikon shari'a, haraji da ƙa'idodin kasuwanci. Ga na ƙarshe akan kwafin ƙa'idodin da ke aiki a Elmina, wanda yana iya zama daidai da waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin ikon Fotigal.
A sharuddan diflomasiyya wani bangare ne kawai na yarjejeniyar za a iya dauka a matsayin yarjejeniya da ta dace. Tsawon shekaru an sabunta dokokin cikin gida akai -akai ta hanyar kwangilar tattaunawa. Bugu da ƙari, halayen su ba ainihin diflomasiyya ba ne. Dangane da haka Yarjejeniyar Axim ta bambanta sosai daga Yarjejeniyar Butre da aka tsara shekaru 14 daga baya. A cikin wannan takaddar an tattauna batutuwan diflomasiyya da siyasa ne kawai (zaman lafiya da abokantaka da kafa kariya), wanda ya sanya waccan yarjejeniya ta ci gaba da aiki har tsawon fiye da shekaru 213. Wannan ba haka bane da Yarjejeniyar Axim, kodayake tsarin diflomasiyya da siyasa ya ci gaba da aiki har sai da Dutch ta bar Gold Coast a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1872.[3]
Abun ciki gyara sashe
Taken gyara sashe
An yi wa yarjejeniyar taken "Yarjejeniya tsakanin Janar Jacob Ruijchaver da caboceros na Axem, wanda aka rufe ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1642." Ruijchaver ya kasance babban darakta mai ci na yankin Gold Coast na Holland, babban jami'in kamfanin Dutch West India Company a Afirka kuma wakilin Janar na Amurka, ikon mulkin Jamhuriyar United Netherlands. "Caboceros na Axem" inda manyan sarakuna biyu na Axim, masu kula da Babban da ƙananan Axim bi da bi.[3][4]
Wuri da kwanan wata gyara sashe
Wakilan Axim da na Dutch sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a St. St. Anthony a Axim a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1642 kuma ta fara aiki nan take.[3]
Abokan kwangila gyara sashe
Bangarorin da suka yi kwangilar a ɓangaren Dutch sun kasance: Kamfanin Yammacin Yammacin Indiya, don kansa, kuma ta hanyar babban daraktan ta wanda ke wakiltar Janar na Jihohi, ikon mulkin ƙasar, ga Jamhuriyar United Netherlands. Wanda ya sanya hannu shine janar Jacob Ruijchaver, darakta janar na Gold Coast na Dutch.[3]
Abokan kwangilar a gefen Axim sune "caboceers" (sarakuna) na Axim, mai yiwuwa manyan sarakuna biyu na jihar ne suka wakilce su, da kuma masu sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, Atty Ansi da Peter Agoey.[3][4]
Sharuɗɗa gyara sashe
Yarjejeniyar ko yarjejeniya ta shafi batutuwan aminci da tsaro, da kuma harkokin cikin gida a cikin kasidu goma.
- Shugabannin Axim sun bayyana tare da Yaren mutanen Holland cewa Sarkin Spain da abokansa za su kasance abokan gaba har abada. Sun kuma kara bayyana amincewa da janar -janar na United Netherlands, Mai Martaba Yariman Orange, da Kamfanin Yammacin Yammacin Indiya, wanda suka ayyana a matsayin bayi masu aminci.
- Ba a ba wa shugabannin Axim damar yin hulɗa ko kasuwanci da kowace ƙasa ba tare da izini daga hukumomin Dutch ba.
- Yaren mutanen Holland sun yi alƙawarin shiga cikin aminci ga Fotigal, 'yan Afirka na cakuda zuriyar Yuro-Afirka, Musulmai, da bayi waɗanda ke cikin ginin Portuguese, da masu dogaro da su, da sharadin sun karɓi ikon Dutch.
- Sarakunan Axim da “dan kasuwa na sansanin” (watau gwamnan Holland), wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa ne za su magance batutuwan farar hula da na laifi. Tarar da aka sanya ta tafi ga sarakuna, kamar yadda ake yi a Elmina.
- Idan wani yaƙi ya shiga tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kwangila ta wata ƙungiya ta waje, ƙungiyoyin kwangilar za su taimaki juna nan da nan akan azabar azaba.
- An saita harajin kifin a matakin daidai da na Elmina: 1 kifi mai kyau a cikin 5 da shugaban babban kifi. Rashin biyan kuɗi zai jawo hukuncin kifar kwale -kwalen kamun kifi.
- Mallakar duk gidaje, lambuna, mahadi, da sansanin soja, tsohon mallakar Fotigal, ana tura shi ga gwamnatin Dutch don amfani da ita don kowane irin manufa. Ba wanda aka yarda ya lalata dukiya.
- Ana biyan sarakunan Axim na zinariya guda ɗaya ga kowane sabon jirgin ruwa da ke shigowa daga Netherlands, yana kawo kaya don Gold Coast. Dangane da ƙima ko ƙimar kayan da aka sauke za a ƙara ko rage adadin kuɗin.
- An ba da izinin 'yan Afirka masu siyan kaya a Axim "dash" (kyauta) daidai da tsarin da ake amfani da shi a Elmina.
- Don tabbatar da cewa yarjejeniyar ta kasance mai ƙarfi, ɓangarorin za su rattaba hannu kan takaddar, kuma shugabannin Axim kowannensu ya miƙa ɗayan ɗayansu ga Dutch.
Duba kuma gyara sashe
Manazarta gyara sashe
Bayanan kula gyara sashe
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 van Dantzig. Forts and Castles of Ghana. pp. 7, 17–18.
- ↑ Doortmont; Savoldi (eds.), The Castles of Ghana, pp. 48–49.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 See text of treaty at Wikisource
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Doortmont; Savoldi (eds.), The Castles of Ghana, p. 64.
Adabi gyara sashe
- Doortmont, Michel R.; Jinna Smit (2007). Sources for the Mutual History of Ghana and the Netherlands. An annotated guide to the Dutch archives relating to Ghana and West Africa in the Nationaal Archief, 1593-1960s. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15850-4.
- van Dantzig, Albert (1981). Forts and Castles of Ghana. Accra: Sedco Publishing. ISBN 9964-72-010-6.
- Doortmont, Michel R.; Savoldi, Benedetta, eds. (2006), The Castles of Ghana: Axim, Butre, Anomabu. Historical and architectural research of three Ghanaian forts, Lurano: Associazione Giovanni Secco Suardo.