Yaren Kudancin Ndebele
Kudancin Ndebele English: Turanci : / ɛndə ˈbiːliː / ) , kuma aka sani da Transvaal Ndebele ko South Ndebele, harshen Afirka ne na ƙungiyar Nguni na harsunan Bantu, da ake magana da shi. ta mutanen Ndebele na Afirka ta Kudu .
Yaren Kudancin Ndebele | |
---|---|
IsiNdebele | |
'Yan asalin magana | 640,000 |
| |
Baƙaƙen boko | |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-1 |
nr |
ISO 639-2 |
nbl |
ISO 639-3 |
nbl |
Glottolog |
sout2808 [1] |
Ndebele | |
---|---|
Mutum | inndebele |
Mutane | AmaNdebele |
Harshe | IsiNdebele |
Ƙasa | Kwandebele |
Northern Ndebele ko Transvaal Ndebele wanda kuma aka sani da (sumayela) si Ndebele, ana magana a Limpopo a yankuna kamar Polokwane (Bhulungwane), Ga-Rathoka (KaSontronga), Ga-Mashashane, Ga Maraba / Kalkspruit, Mokopane (Mghumbane), Zebediela (Sebetiela). ), wanda ke kusa da Kudancin Ndebele.
Dubawa
gyara sasheTarihin mutanen Kudancin Transvaal Ndebele ya samo asali ne daga Sarki Ndebele, Sarki Ndebele ya haifi Sarki Mkhalangana, Sarki Mkhalangana ya haifi Sarki Mntungwa (kar a rude shi da Khumalo Mntungwa, domin shi Mabulazi ne ya haife shi), Sarki Mntungwa ya haifi Sarki Jonono, Sarki. Jonono ya haifi sarki Nanasi, sarki Nanasi ya haifi sarki Mafana, sarki Mafana ya haifi sarki Mhlanga da shugaban Libhoko, sarki Mhlanga ya haifi sarki Musi da sarki Skhube.
Ndebele – An bar wasu daga cikin ‘ya’yansa a baya tare da kabilar Hlubi</br> Mkhalangana – Wasu daga cikin ‘ya’yansa sun reshen arewa kuma suka kafa kabilar Kalanga</br> Mntungwa – Wanda ya kafa dangin amaNtungwa</br> Njonono - Ya mutu a Jononoskop kusa da Ladysmith - Sunan mahaifi Jonono yana cikin kabilar Hlubi</br> Nanasi - Ya mutu a Jononoskop kusa da Ladysmith - Sunan mahaifi Nanasi yana cikin kabilar Hlubi</br> Mafana - Ya mutu a Randfontein (Emhlangeni)</br> Mhlanga - Ya mutu a Randfontein (Emhlangeni)</br> Musi - Ya mutu a kwaMnyamana (Pretoria)
Kral din Sarki Musi ya kasance ne a eMhlangeni wani wuri mai suna sunan mahaifinsa Mhlanga, sunan wurin a halin yanzu ana kiransa Randfontein (Mohlakeng) daga baya ya koma KwaMnyamana wanda yanzu ake kira Emarula ko Bon Accord a Pretoria. Sarki Musi ya auri mace fiye da daya kuma ya haifi ’ya’ya maza, Skhosana (Masombuka), Manala (Mbuduma), Ndzundza (Hlungwana), Thombeni (Kekana ko Gegana), Sibasa, Mhwaduba (Lekhuleni) da Mphafuli da sauransu.
Kudancin Transvaal Ndebele ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan hukuma goma sha ɗaya a cikin Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. Harshen na Nguni ko Zunda (UN) ne da ake magana da shi galibi a Lardin Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Limpopo da Arewa maso Yamma.
Ana iya fassara kalmar isikhethu a hankali zuwa ma'anar 'hanyar yin ko faɗin Kudancin Ndebele'. Isikhethu yana nufin Kudancin Ndebele kamar yadda sikitsi zai nufi Swazi kuma se harona yana nufin Sotho.
Harshen ya kasance an ware sosai cikin shekaru. Har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa yankin Kudancin Ndebele na wariyar launin fata ( Kwandebele ), an hana yin magana da yaren a bainar jama'a. Yawancin masu magana da Kudancin Transvaal Ndebele sun fi son Zulu musamman saboda an koyi na biyu a makaranta. A yau masu magana da Kudancin Ndebele, galibi waɗanda suka yi ilimi har yanzu sun gwammace su yi amfani da Kudancin Ndebele a matsayin harshen gida ga 'ya'yansu kuma za su yi amfani da Kudancin Ndebele a matsayin harshe don sadarwa tare da sauran masu magana da Ndebele na Kudancin.
Fassarar sauti
gyara sasheWasula
gyara sasheGaba | Baya | |
---|---|---|
Kusa | i [ i ] | ku [ ku ] |
Tsakar | e [ e ~ ɛ ] | o [ o ~ ɔ ] |
Bude | a [ a ] |
Consonants
gyara sasheLabial | Alveolar | Bayan alv. / </br> Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | ||||||
M | ejective | p [ ba ] | t [ ta ] | ku [ ku ] | |||
aspirated | ph [ pʰ ] | da [ tʰ ] | ku [ k ] | ||||
devoiced | bh [ b̥ ] | da [ d̥ ] | ɡ [ ɡ̊ ] | ||||
prenasal | mp [ ᵐp ] | nt [ da ] | nk [ k ] | ||||
prenasal (vd.) | mb [ ᵐb ] | nd [ da ] | ng [ ᵑɡ ] | ||||
implosive | b [ ba ] | ||||||
Haɗin kai | ejective | ts [ tsʼ ] | tl [ tɬʼ ] | tj [ tʃʼ ] | kg [ kx ] | ||
aspirated | tsh [ tsʰ ] | tlh [ tɬʰ ] | tjh [ tʃʰ ] | kgh [ kxʰ ] | |||
plain | da [ dz ] | ||||||
devoiced | j [ d̥ʒ ] | ||||||
prenasal | nj [ ᶮdʒ ] | ||||||
Ƙarfafawa | plain | na [ f ] | s [ s ] | hl [ ɬ ] | rh [ x ] | ||
voiced | v [ ba ] | z [ z ] | dl [ ƙa ] | h [ da ] | |||
prenasal | mf [ ba ] | ||||||
prenasal (vd.) | mv [ ƙa ] | ||||||
aspirated | dlh [ ɮʰ ] | ||||||
Nasal | m [ m ] | n [ n ] | na [ ɲ ] | ngh [ n ] | |||
Ruwa | r [ r ] | l [ l ] | |||||
Semi wasali | w [ w ] | da [ j ] |
Sautunan baƙaƙe nt, nd, k, mf, da mv galibi suna haifar da allophone na [d̥r dr k̬ ɱp̪fʼ ɱb̪v]</link> . [2]
Danna baƙaƙe
gyara sasheDental | Bayan-<br id="mwAYY"><br><br><br></br> alveolar | Na gefe | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
mara murya | a fili | c [ ƙa ] | q [ ku! ] | x [ ƙasa ] |
m | ch [ ᵏʰ ] | qh [ ᵏ! ʰ ] | ||
murya | a fili | gc [ ƙa ] | gq [ ku! ] | |
nasalized | nc [ ƙa ] | nq [ ku! ] | nx [ ƙa ] |
Nahawu
gyara sasheSunaye
gyara sasheSunan Kudancin Ndebele ya ƙunshi sassa biyu masu mahimmanci, prefix da kara. Yin amfani da prefixes, ana iya haɗa sunaye zuwa azuzuwan suna, waɗanda aka ƙidaya su a jere, don sauƙaƙe kwatanta da sauran harsunan Bantu .
Tebu mai zuwa yana ba da bayyani na azuzuwan suna na Kudancin Ndebele, wanda aka tsara bisa ga nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i ɗaya.
Class | Mufuradi | Jam'i |
---|---|---|
1/2 | ku- 1 | aba-, abi- |
1 a/2a | ku - | abo- |
3/4 | ku- 1 | imi- |
5/6 | i-, ili-, ilu- | ama- |
7/8 | ni (i) | iz(i)-, iiN- |
9/10 | in- | iiN- |
14 | ubu-, ub-, utj- | |
15 | uku- | |
17 | uku- |
1 umu- yana maye gurbin um- kafin tsiron monosyllabic, misali umu ntu (mutum).
Kalmomi
gyara sasheVerbs suna amfani da rafi masu zuwa don batun da abin:
Mutum/ </br> Class |
Prefix | Infix |
---|---|---|
Waka ta farko. | ngi- | -ngi- |
Waka ta 2. | ku - | -wu- |
1st plur. | si- | -si- |
Na biyu plur. | ni- | -ni- |
1 | ku - | -mu (ku) |
2 | ba- | -ba- |
3 | ku - | -mu (ku) |
4 | i- | - yi- |
5 | li- | -li- |
6 | a- | -wa- |
7 | si- | -si- |
8 | zi- | -zi- |
9 | i- | - yi- |
10 | zi- | -zi- |
14 | ba- | - ba- |
15 | ku- | -ku- |
17 | ku- | -ku- |
reflexive | -zi- |
Misalai
gyara sasheWatanni a Kudancin Ndebele
Turanci | Northern Ndebele (Zimbabwe) | Kudancin Ndebele (Afirka ta Kudu) | Zulu (Afirka ta Kudu) |
---|---|---|---|
Janairu | uZibandlela | uTjhirhweni | uMasingane |
Fabrairu | uhlolanja | uMhlolanja | uhlolanja |
Maris | uBimbito | untaka | uNdasa |
Afrilu | uMabasa | uSihlabantangana | Umbasa |
Mayu | uNkwekwezi | uMrhayili | UNhlab |
Yuni | uhlangula | uMgwengweni | UNhlangulana |
Yuli | uNtulikazi | uVelabahlinze | uNtulikazi |
Agusta | uNcwabakazi | uRhoboyi | UNcwaba |
Satumba | uMpandula | uKhukhulamungu | ku Mandulo |
Oktoba | uMfumfu | uSewula | uMfumfu |
Nuwamba | uLwazi | uSinyikhaba | uLwazi |
Disamba | uMpalakazi | uNobayeni | uZibandlela |
AmaNdebele in Zimbabwe
gyara sasheNdebele na Zimbabwe wani bangare ne na gungu na Nguni don haka yana kama da sauran harsunan Nguni (kamar Zulu, Xhosa da Swati) waɗanda suke da babban matakin fahimtar juna. Afirka ta Kudu (ko Kudancin Transvaal Ndebele ), yayin da yake kiyaye tushen sa na Nguni, harsunan Sotho sun yi tasiri a kansu. [2]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kudancin Ndebele". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Skhosana, P.B. (2010) The Linguistic Relationship between Southern and Northern Ndebele, University of Pretoria, DLitt Thesis