Yaren Kikuyu
kiGikuyu: ko Gikuyu (Gikuyu) (wanda aka fi sani da shi) yare ne na Bantu da Gikuyuyu (Agikuyu) na Kenya ke magana. Ana magana da Kikuyu galibi a yankin tsakanin Nyeri, Nairobi da Nakuru. Mutanen Kikuyu yawanci suna gano ƙasashensu ta hanyar tsaunuka da ke kewaye da su a Tsakiyar Kenya, gami da Dutsen Kenya, wanda suke kira K__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa .
| Yaren Kikuyu | |
|---|---|
| Gĩkũyũ — Gĩgĩkũyũ | |
'Yan asalin magana | 6,623,000 |
| |
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-1 |
ki |
| ISO 639-2 |
kik |
| ISO 639-3 |
kik |
| Glottolog |
kiku1240[1] |
| Yaren Kikuyu | |
|---|---|
|
Default
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Mutumin | MyuGikuyu |
|---|---|
| Mutane | Aikiyu |
| Harshe | Tun daga bisani |
| Kasar | B ya yi ci gaba da ci gaba da |
Harsuna
gyara sashe
Kikuyu yana da manyan yaruka huɗu da za a iya fahimtar juna. Gundumomin Lardin Tsakiya sun kasu tare da iyakokin gargajiya na waɗannan yarukan, waɗanda sune K__ssw____ssw____sw____ssw____sswa, Mũrang'a, Nyeri da Kiambu.
Kikuyu daga Khunya sun hada da manyan ƙananan harsuna guda biyu - Ndia da Gichugu waɗanda ke magana da yarukan Kĩndia da__tir____tir____tir__ . Gicugus da Ndias ba su da sauti na "ch" ko "sh" (kamar yadda yake a Mũrang'a) kuma za su yi amfani da sauti na ""s" a maimakon haka (Kikuyu ba shi da harafin S), saboda haka furcin "Gĩcũ artisti" kamar yadda ya saba da "Gĩchũ artisti". Don jin ana magana da Ndia, ana buƙatar mutum ya kasance a Kerugoya, birni mafi girma a cikin Kirinyaga County. Sauran garuruwan gida na Ndia, inda ake magana da nau'ikan "tsarkakewa" na yaren, suna cikin yankunan shuka shayi na Kagumo, Baricho, Kagio, da tuddan Kangaita. Ƙananan tuddai shine Kutus, wanda gari ne mai cike da tasiri da yawa daga sauran yaruka wanda yake da wahala a rarrabe tsakanin su. Har ila yau, yaren yana da yawa a yankin shinkafa na Mwea.
Ana iya jin alamu na sauti na yaren Gichũ yu (wanda ke sauti kamar Meru ko Embu, yarukan 'yar'uwa ga Kikuyu) a yankunan da ke shuka kofi na Kianyaga, G__ilo____ilo____ilo__, Kathri, Marigiti. Gichugu suna sauyawa cikin sauƙi zuwa wasu yarukan Kikuyu yayin tattaunawa da sauran Kikuyu.
Fasahar sauti
gyara sasheAlamomin da aka nuna a cikin parentheses sune waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin orthography.
Sautin sautin
gyara sashe| A gaba | Tsakiya | Komawa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Babba | i | u | |
| Tsakanin tsakiya | kuma (ĩ) | o (ũ) | |
| Tsakanin ƙasa | ɛ (e) | ɔ (ɔ) | |
| Ƙananan | a |
Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi
gyara sashe| Biyuwa | Dental / Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Gishiri | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | t (t) | k (k) | |||
| voiced prenasalised | ᵐb (mb) | ⁿd (nd) | ᵑɡ (ng) | |||
| Rashin lafiya | ᶮdʒ (nj) | |||||
| Hanci | m (m) | n (n) | ɲ (ny) | ŋ (ng') | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | ʃ (c) | h (h) | |||
| voiced | β (b) | ð (th) | ɣ (g) | |||
| Ruwa | ɾ (r) | |||||
| Kusanci | j (y) | w (w) | ||||
Sau da yawa ana furta ƙwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su ba tare da ƙaddamarwa ba, don haka /ᵐb ⁿd ᶮdʒ ᵑɡ/ ana gane su a matsayin [b dʒ ɡ].
Sauti
gyara sasheKikuyu yana [2] sautunan matakin biyu (babban da ƙananan), sautin da ke tashi, da sauka.
Harshen harshe
gyara sasheTsarin kalma na canonical na Gikuyuyu shine SVO (subject-verb-object). Yana amfani [3] prepositions maimakon postpositions, kuma adjectives suna bin sunaye.
Harshen haruffa
gyara sasheAn rubuta Kikuyu a cikin haruffa na Latin. Ba ya amfani da haruffa l f p q s v x z, kuma yana ƙara haruffa ĩ da ũ. Harshen Kikuyu shine:
- a b c d e g h i ĩ j k m n o r t u ũ w y
Wasu sautuna suna wakiltar digraphs kamar ng don velar nasal /ŋ/ .
Misalai na samfurori
gyara sashe| Turanci | Gikuyu |
|---|---|
| Ta yaya kake | Uwargwadon da kuma haka?Ya yi haka ne? |
| Ka ba ni ruwa | Ya yi wa'azi |
| Ta yaya kake yi? | Yankin da ya fi dacewa da shi? ko kuma a cikin harshenBayani da kuma |
| Ina jin yunwa | Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi |
| Taimaka ni | Ndeithia |
| Na yi kyau | Yankin da ya fi dacewa |
| Shin kai aboki ne? | Ƙayyadaddun? |
| Bincike, ku sami albarka | Tigwo a cikin jini / Tigwo a kan ta |
| Ina son ka | Sun yi amfani da su. |
| Ka zo nan | Ayyuka na farko |
| Zan kira ku | Shi ne 'yan Adam |
| Ina godiya | Masu ba da gudummawa |
| Na sami albarka | Ya kasance mai banƙyama |
| Ka ba ni kudi | Ya mbeca / Ya mbia |
| Ka daina wauta | Tiga wana / tiga ũrimũ |
| Kada ka yi dariya | Ndũgatheke |
| Kuna koyo | Har ila yau, aiki |
| Na gode maka | Twine / Twine / |
| Ku tafi cikin salama | Thiĩ a cikin ta |
| Rana | Harkokin da aka yi amfani da su |
| Dare | Tun daga cikin |
| Allah | Ngai |
| Ruhohin Tsofaffi | Ngomi |
Rubutun samfurin
gyara sashe| Turanci | Kikuyu [4] |
|---|---|
| Gikuyu sun yi imani da Allah
Mahaliccin sama da ƙasa, wanda ya ba da dukkan abubuwa. |
Gikuyu ko gitikitie Ngai
mumbi wa Iguru na Thi na muheani wa Indo Indo |
| Wasika da Hen zuwa ga Eagle [1] | [5] Ma NgŪkŪ KŪrĪ RwĪgĪ [1] |
| Mahaifin na yana da tsauri sosai
Ya gargadi ni game da auren ka Lokacin da ya gan ni a gida, zai yi fushi Kuma lokacin da hakan ya faru, ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba Dole ne ku sake komawa [1] |
Nan da nan ya yi hakan
Naniajirite digakuhikie Anyona muciì nìekurakara Nake arakara dahorekaga Babu inda ya karu [6] [1] |
Littattafai
gyara sasheAkwai sanannun wallafe-wallafen da aka rubuta a cikin harshen Kikuyu. Misali, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Mũrogi wa Kagogo (Wizard of the Crow) shine littafi mafi tsawo da aka sani da aka rubuta a Kikuyu. Sauran marubutan da ke rubutawa a cikin Kikuyu sune Gatua wa Mbũgwa da Waith pay wa Mbuthia . Mbuthia ya wallafa ayyuka daban-daban a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban - litattafai, shayari, labarun yara da fassarori - a cikin Kikuyu. Marigayi Wahome Mutahi kuma wani lokacin ya rubuta a Kikuyu. Har ila yau, Gakaara wa Wanjaũ ya rubuta sanannen littafinsa, Mau Mau Author in Detention, wanda ya lashe Kyautar Noma a shekarar 1984.
A cikin al'adun gargajiya
gyara sashecikin fim din 1983 Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, halin Nien Nunb yana magana a cikin harshen Kikuyu.
2023, Mwaki, ta DJ na Brazil, Zerb [pt], ta ƙunshi ɗan wasan Kenya, Sofiya Nzau, tana raira waƙa a Kikuyu .
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Kikuyu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Kevin C. Ford, 1975.
- ↑ Wals.info
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2
Bayanan littattafai
gyara sashe
Haɗin waje
gyara sashe- Robert Englebretson (ed.), "A Basic Sketch Grammar of Gikuyu", 2015.
- Harshen Gikuyu da furcin a OmniglotHanyar da ba ta da kyau
- Albarkatun Harshe na Afirka
- Muigwithania 2.0 - Jaridar Kikuyu ta farko da aka farfado akan Intanet
- Shafin PanAfrican L10n akan Gikuyu
- Shafin yanar gizon Gikuyu
- Gikuyuyu Harshe Page (Wiki da aka kirkira ta hanyar Hanyar Harshe a UMass Amherst)
- Darasi na farko a cikin Kikuyu (vol. 1; duba ref. don v2 & v3)
- Ka'idar Gikuyu ta Farko