Yakin Anglo-Aro

Yakin Anglo-Aro
Iri	armed conflict (en)
Kwanan watan	Nuwamba, 1901

Yakin Anglo-Aro (1901-1902) rikici ne tsakanin kungiyar Aro Confederacy na Gabashin Najeriya a yau, da Daular Burtaniya. Yakin dai ya fara ne bayan karuwar fargaba tsakanin shugabannin Aro da turawan Ingila bayan shafe tsawon shekaru na tattaunawa ba tare da an samun maslaha ba.

Dalilin yakin gyara sashe

Kungiyar Aro Confederacy, wacce ikonta ya mamaye yankin Gabashin Najeriya da kewaye, an kalubalancita a cikin shekarun karshe na karni na 19 ta hanyar kara shigar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya a cikin yankin. Mutanen Aro da kawayensu sun bijirewa shigar da Burtaniya take masu saboda wasu 'yan dalilai da suka hada da tattalin arziki, siyasa da addini.

Dalilan yakin da Sir Ralph Moor ya gabatar, babban kwamishinan Biritaniya mai kula da gabar tekun Najeriya, ya hada da:

To put a stop to slave dealing and the slave trade generally with a view to the Slave Dealing Proclamation No. 5 of 1901 being enforced throughout the entire territories as from first of January next; to abolish the Juju hierarchy of the Aro tribe, which by superstition and fraud causes much injustice among the coast tribes generally and is opposed to the establishment of Government. The power of the priesthood is also employed in obtaining natives for sale as slaves and it is essential to finally break it; to open up the country of the entire Aro to civilization; to induce the natives to engage in legitimate trade; to introduce a currency in lieu of slaves, brass rods, and other forms of native currency and to facilitate trade transactions; to eventually establish a labour market as a substitute to the present system of slavery.^[1]^[2]

A cewar wani malami dan kasar Amurka, Jeffrey Ian Ross, al’ummar Aro sun yi amfani da dubarun sihiri a wuraren ibadunsu da aka keɓe wa gunkin Ibin Ukpabi, wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin al'amurran bautar da suke yi, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da barkewar yaƙin Anglo-Aro. ^[3]

Bijirewar Aro gyara sashe

Mutanen Aro dai sun dade suna adawa da shigar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya cikin kasarsu, dangane da wannan adawar ta wani bangare ta hada da al'amurran tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, sun bijirewa yunƙurin da malaman mishanari na Birtaniya suka yi na shigar da addinin Kiristanci, wanda ke yin barazana ga tasirin addininsu dangane da wahayin abun bautarsu Ibini Ukpabi. Mutanen Aro sun jagoranci hare-hare da mamaye al'ummomi domin dakile shigar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya tun daga shekarun 1890. Yayin da turawan ingila ke shirin kai wa Arochukwu hari a watan Nuwamba 1901, sai mutanen Aro suka kaddamar da gagarumin farmakin nasu na karshe kafin hari ga mutanen Aro da sojojin Birtaniya suka yi. Dakarun Aro karkashin jagorancin Okoro Toti sun kori Obegu (wani aminin Birtaniya) wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 400. Wannan harin ta janyo Birtaniyya ta kai hari cikin gaggawa.

Balaguron Mutanen Aro gyara sashe

Sir Ralph Moor da Royal Niger Company sun shirya kai hari ga mutanen Aro da Ibini Ukpabi oracle tun a watan Satumba na 1899 amma saboda rashin isassun kayan aiki, an jinkirta har zuwa Nuwamban 1901. A ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, Lt. Col. Arthur Forbes Montanaro ya jagoranci hafsoshi 87, sojoji 1,550 da motoci 2,100 a hanyaoyi hudu wanda suka nufi Arochukwu ta Oguta, Akwete, Unwana da Itu a wani gangamin yaki ga ‘yan tawaye. Kamar yadda ake tsammani, sojojin Aro sun yi tsayin daka da duk wani runduna, duk da cewa ba su da makamai na zamani. Sai dai kuma an kama Arochukwu a ranar 28 ga watan Disamba bayan shafe kwanaki hudu ana gwabza kazamin fada a cikin birni da kewaye. A dalilin haka ne aka ce an tarwatsa wurin ibadar Ibini Ukpabi. An ci gaba da gwabza fada tsakanin sojojin Burtaniya da na Aro a daukakin yankin har zuwa lokacin bazara na shekarar 1902 lokacin da aka ci galaba a kan sojojin Aro a babban yakin karshe na Bende. Mamaye Aro ta zo karshe bayan makonni uku.

Sakamakon yakin gyara sashe

An kama wasu daga cikin shugabannin Aro, kamar Okoro Toti, an gurfanar da su gaban kotu, aka kuma rataye su. Karfin ikon da kungiyar Daular Aro ke rike da shi yayi gaggawar zaizayewa kuma Eze Kanu Okoro (sarkin Arochukwu), ya buya amma daga baya aka kama shi. Duk da cewa rinjayen Aro ya rushe a watan Maris na 1902, yawancin mutanen Aro sun shiga yakin neman 'yanci akan Birtaniya a yankin kamar a Afikpo (1902-1903), Ezza (1905), da sauran yankunan da mutanen Aro ke da rinjaye. Cin Aro da yaki ya taimaka wa Birtaniyya wajen bude kofar shiga garin, amma tsananin adawa da shigar Turawan mulkin mallaka kasar Inyamurai na nan a fili bai kare ba. A 'yan shekarun da suka biyo baya, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da yaƙe-yaƙe da dama a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar Inyamurai kamar Rikicin Nri (1905-1911), Yaƙin Ekumeku (1883-1914), Yaƙin Matan Igbo (1929), da dai sauransu.

Manyan fadace-fadace gyara sashe

Yaƙuna a yankin Oguta/ Owerri (Nuwamba 1901)
Yaƙuna a Esu Itu (Disamba 1901)
Yakin Arochukwu (Disamba 1901)
Yaƙin Edimma (Janairu 1902)
Yaƙin Ikotobo (Janairu 1902)
Yaƙin Ikorodaka (Fabrairu 1902)
Yaƙin Bende (Maris 1902)

Manazarta gyara sashe

↑ Edward Harland Duckworth, ed., Nigeria magazine, issues 140–147 (Cultural Division of the Federal Ministry of Information, Nigeria, 1982), p. 31
↑ Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria, 1885–1950 (University of Rochester Press, 2006), p. 44
↑ Empty citation (help)

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje gyara sashe

Template:British colonial campaigns Template:Igbo topics

[1] Edward Harland Duckworth, ed., Nigeria magazine, issues 140–147 (Cultural Division of the Federal Ministry of Information, Nigeria, 1982), p. 31

[2] Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, The Abolition of the Slave Trade in Southeastern Nigeria, 1885–1950 (University of Rochester Press, 2006), p. 44

[J.I._Ross-3] Empty citation (help)

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