Umar bn al-Walid
Umar bn al-Walid bn Abdul Malik ( Larabci: عمر بن الوليد بن عبد الملك ) ( fl.705 - c. 744) ya kasance basaraken Umayyawa, kwamanda a yakin Larabawa-Byzantine kuma gwamnan Jund al-Urdunn (Yankin Jordan) a lokacin mulkin mahaifinsa al-Walid I(r. 705 zuwa 715). Wataƙila ya kula da fadojin hamadar Umayyawa na Khirbat al-Minya ta zamanin yanzu Isra'ila da Qasr Kharana ta zamanin yanzu ƙasar Jordan.
| Umar ibn al-Walid عمر بن الوليد | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor of Jund al-Urdunn | |||||
| In office | 706–710s | ||||
| Amir al-hajj | |||||
| In office | c. 707 | ||||
| Matansa |
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| 'ya'yansa |
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| Dynasty | Umayyad | ||||
| Father | Al-Walid I | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
| Occupation | Politician | ||||
| Military career | |||||
| Allegiance | Umayyad Caliphate | ||||
| Service/branch | Umayyad army | ||||
| Years of service | c. 705–744 | ||||
| Rank | Commander | ||||
| Battles/wars | Arab–Byzantine wars | ||||
| Relations | Sulayman (uncle) Yazid II (uncle) Hisham (uncle) Maslama (uncle) | ||||
Rayuwa
gyara sasheUmar ya kasance dan khalifan Umayyawa al-Walid na daya kuma daya daga cikin kuyanginsa. [1] Al-Walid ya nada Umar gwamnan Jund al-Urdunn (yankin soja na Kogin Jordan; misali kudancin Lebanon na zamani, arewacin Isra'ila da arewacin Jordan). [2] Shi ne kwamandan aikin Hajji a Makka a watan Nuwamba Shekarar 707. [3] A shekara ta 710 zuwa 11 Umar ya jagoranci kai farmaki akan yankin Rumawa tare da baffansa Maslama bn Abd al-Malik. [3] A matsayinsa na gwamnan Jordan, Umar ya tambayi Peter na Capitolias, wanda aka mai da shi waliyyi Kirista, a wani lokaci kafin yanke masa hukunci da kisa da al-Walid yayi. [4]
Wakilin muradun sarakunan Marwanid (gidan Umayyawa) sarakunan da sukayi mummunan tasiri khalifa Umar II ( r. 717 zuwa 720 ) Manufofin tattalin arziki, waɗanda suka sauya salon rabon ganima na al-Walid a tsakanin ’yan uwa masu mulki, Umar ya rubuta wa khalifa wasiqa; a cikinsa ya zargi halifan da yin watsi da manufofin magabata, yana zarginsu da zalunci, da kyamatar zuriyarsu, inda halifan ya mayar da martani da cewa banu Umayya sun yi watsi da hanyar da ta dace ta hanyar amfani da dukiyar al’umma, da zubar da jini ba bisa ka’ida ba, da mulkin zalunci. [5] Majiyoyin sun rubuta Umar da cewa yana cikin shari’a a shekara ta 738 zuwa 739 tare da jagoran ‘yan tawayen Alid Zaid ibn Ali a nan gaba, wanda halifa Hisham bn Abd al-Malik ya sasanta. [6] An sake rubuta shi yana da sabani na shari'a, a wannan karon tare da dan uwansa, Khalifa al-Walid II ( r. 743 zuwa 744 ), akan wata kuyanga da khalifa ya kama. [6] Kamar yadda masanin tarihi al-Ya'qubi (wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 897) ya ce, Umar ya jagoranci kabilar Jordan yakar dan uwansa, Halifa Yazid na uku ( r. 744 zuwa 744 ) a lokacin yakin basasar musulmi na uku . [7]
Watakila Umar ya dauki nauyin gina fadar Khirbat al-Minya kusa da Tekun Galili, a cewar Jere Bacharach . [8] An ambaci Umar a cikin rubuce-rubucen larabci da yawa da aka samu a cikin fadar Hamadar Siriya ta Qasr Kharana a cikin Jordan ta zamani, kimanin kilomita 60 gabas da Amman. [9] Rubutun sun tabbatar da ziyarar da yariman ya yi a farkon karni na 8. [10] Sunayen ‘ya’yansa Abd al-Malik da Abd Allah kowanne an ambace su a kalla sau daya a cikin rubutun ma. Wataƙila fadar ta kasance wurin hutawa tsakanin Siriya da Makka. [9]
Zuriya
gyara sasheAn yi wa Umar lakabi da “Dangon Banu Marwan (Marwanid)” ko “Tutar Banu Umayya (Banu Umayya)” saboda yawan aurensa da haihuwar ‘ya’ya maza sittin. [11] [9] Daga cikin matansa akwai Ummu Abd Allah bint Habib, jikar al-Hakam bn Abi al-As (kakan kakan mahaifin Umar) wanda yake da dansa Abd al-Malik. [12] [13]
Habib dan Abd al-Malik ya tsira daga kisan kiyashin da aka yi wa iyalan Umayyawa a Nahr Abi Futrus bayan juyin juya halin Abbasiyya na shekara ta 750 ya kuma kafa kansa a masarautar Umayyawa a cikin al-Andalus ( Daular Iberian ). [13] A can ne wanda ya kafa Masarautar, dan uwan Habib Abd al-Rahman I na nesa, ya nada shi gwamnan Toledo kuma ya ba shi kadarori a kusa da Cordoba, Cabra, Rayyu ( Malaga da Archidona ) da Porcuna . [13] Zuriyarsa dangi ne masu tasiri da aka sani da dangin Habibi. [13] ’Ya’yan Umar Isa da Hafs su ma sun koma al-Andalus. Zuriyar Abd al-Malik da Isa daga majiyoyin sun bayyana sunayensu a matsayin mambobi ne na fitattun Umayyawa a cikin al-Andalus har zuwa karshen karni na 10. [14] [15]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ Marsham 2022.
- ↑ Crone 1980.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hinds 1990.
- ↑ Sahner 2020.
- ↑ Murad 1985.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hillenbrand 1989.
- ↑ Biesterfeldt & Günther 2018.
- ↑ Bacharach 1996.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Bisheh 1992.
- ↑ Imbert 1998.
- ↑ Blankinship 1994.
- ↑ Robinson 2020.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Scales 1994.
- ↑ Uzquiza Bartolomé 1992.
- ↑ Uzquiza Bartolomé 1994.