Tsarin muhalli a Lebanon
Daya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli a Lebanon shine samar da ruwa . Kasar tana da albarkatun ruwa da yawa fiye da sauran kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya ; duk da haka, yana cikin haɗarin karanci, musamman a lokacin rani mai bushewa . Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin ƙarfin ajiya, da karuwar buƙata, da kuma canjin yanayi . Manyan ayyuka na inganta samar da ruwan sha na samun tallafi daga gwamnati da hukumomin kasashen waje, sun hada da aikin samar da ruwan sha na Greater Beirut da hukumar kula da kogin Litani .
 Tsarin muhalli a Lebanon | |
|---|---|
aspect in a geographic region (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Facet of (en) | yanayi na halitta |
| Ƙasa | Lebanon |
An kafa ƙungiyoyin sa -kai na muhalli masu yawa a Lebanon.
Kungiyoyin sa-kai
gyara sasheIdan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna a duniya, Gabas ta Tsakiya ya kasance yana tafiyar hawainiya wajen haɓaka ƙungiyoyin sa-kai masu zaman kansu. [1] A tsakiyar shekarata 1990s, an ƙirƙiri kusan ƙungiyoyin sa-kai 120 a Lebanon . [1] Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun haɗa da Association Al tanmia (AA), Al Ain Association for Development (AAD), Ard Al Tofoula (AAT), da Association for Charity & Culture (ACC).
Rikicin ruwa
gyara sasheAn san kasar Lebanon da kasancewa daya daga cikin kasashe kalilan a Gabas ta Tsakiya da ke da isasshen ruwa. [2] Ba wai kawai manyan koguna da yawa sun kewaye Labanon ba, har ma Lebanon tana da ruwan sama mafi girma a shekara a yankin, matsakaicin 827mm. [2] Amma a lokacin bazara musamman, Kuma akwai ƙarancin ruwa ga mazauna wurin amfani da su. [2] Babbar matsalar ita ce, akwai ’yan wuraren da ake ajiye ruwa. [2] Har ila yau, yawancin ruwan sha na Lebanon yana gudana zuwa cikin Tekun Bahar Rum . [2] Wadannan matsalolin kuma suna tafiya ne tare da karuwar bukatar ruwa da kuma tsarin bututu da tafki. [2] Lebanon na bukatar ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa ta ruwa domin kaucewa matsalar karancin ruwa da aka yi hasashen a shekarar 2020. [2]
Yanayi
gyara sasheA baya-bayan nan, ba wai ruwan sama ya ragu sosai a kasar Labanon ba, har ma da karuwar yanayin da ke shafar yawan ruwan da ake samu. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 50% na ruwan sama yana ƙafewa yana barin mutanen Lebanon kaɗan yin aiki da su. [3] Sakamakon sauyin yanayi, yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke nufin ƙarin ruwa ya ɓace don ƙaura . [4] Rasa ruwan da ruwan sama ya samar ya haifar da buqatar noman ruwa a filayen noma. [4] Yayin da noma ke fama da matsalar fari, ana kuma sa ran gidaje na Lebanon za su ci gaba da ciyar da ruwa yayin da noman rani ya zo. [5]
Haɓaka yawan jama'a
gyara sashe'Yan kasar Lebanon sun kai kusan mutane miliyan hudu a Lebanon. Wannan adadin bai hada da yawan ‘yan gudun hijirar Syria da suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Lebanon daga Syria don gujewa yakin basasar Syria, ko ‘yan yawon bude ido ba. [3] Domin gujewa tashe tashen hankula a Syria, sannan Kuma mutane da dama sun tsere zuwa Lebanon . [6] A watan Afrilun 2014, an kiyasta cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na al'ummar Lebanon ' yan gudun hijirar Siriya ne . [6] Wannan dimbin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke gudun hijira zuwa kasar Labanon ya haifar da babbar matsala ga albarkatun kasar ta Lebanon kuma a cewar ministan harkokin wajen kasar Gebran Bassil har yanzu yana barazana ga wanzuwar Lebanon a yau. [6] Wannan karuwar adadin mutane a Lebanon yana haifar da karuwar bukatar ruwa, Kuma wanda Lebanon ta kasa gamsar da ita. Domin hana wannan barazana a nan gaba, akwai ayyuka da dama da ake aiwatarwa don taimakawa kasar Labanon da matsalolin muhallinsu.
Ayyukan muhalli
gyara sasheAikin Samar da Ruwa na Babban Birnin Beirut
gyara sasheManufar Babban Aikin Samar da Ruwa na Beirut (GBWSP) shine samar da ruwa daga kogin Litani da kuma kogin Awali, ga wadanda ke zaune a yankin Greater Beirut . Yana da nufin samun ruwa ga waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kuɗi a cikin Babban Beirut yankin. An kuma mai da hankali kan kara samar da ruwan sha na dan kankanin lokaci ga wadancan wuraren ma. [7] Kusan kashi 40 cikin 100 na al'ummar Lebanon suna cikin babban yankin Beirut. Sannan A cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata al'ummar kasar Labanon da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun fuskanci karancin ruwa sakamakon rashin rarraba ruwa da kuma karuwar bukatar ruwa. Wannan karancin ruwa ya samo asali ne daga tashe-tashen hankulan siyasa da kasar Lebanon ke fama da ita a shekarun baya da ma har yau. [8]
Babban Aikin Samar da Ruwa na Beirut wani aiki ne da gwamnatin Lebanon ke la'akari da shi tun a shekarun 1960 da 1990. Kwamitin binciken ya yi rajistar buƙatun binciken da ya shafi GBWSP a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, shekarata 2010. [7] An amince da shi a ranar 16 ga Disamba, shekarar 2010, daga kwamitin gudanarwa na bankin duniya. Kudin wannan aikin gabaɗaya ya kai dala miliyan 370. Babban bankin kasa da kasa na sake ginawa da raya kasa (IBRD) ne zai dauki nauyin biyan kusan dalar ƙasar Amurka miliyan 200, sauran kuma za a biya su ne daga gwamnatin kasar Lebanon da kuma hukumar samar da ruwa ta tsaunin Beirut ta Lebanon. Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ruwa ta Lebanon (MoEW) ce za ta dauki nauyin aiwatar da aikin kuma za ta ba da alhakin aiwatarwa, sa ido da kuma bayar da rahoto ga majalisar ci gaba da sake ginawa (CDR) da BMLWE. [8]
Inganta samar da ruwan sha a yankin Greater Beirut zai yi tasiri mai kyau ga mutane kimanin miliyan 2.1, wanda ke kusan rabin al'ummar Lebanon. [9] Wannan kuma zai haɗa da mutane kusan 350,000 da ke zaune a cikin ƙananan yankuna. [9] Har ila yau, yawancin mazauna da ke zaune a saman benaye na gidaje ba sa samun ruwa saboda ƙarancin ruwa a cikin bututu. [9] Gyara waɗannan bututun zai baiwa mazaunan da ke zaune a saman benaye damar samun ingantaccen ruwa. Har ila yau, Kuma ingancin ruwa zai inganta kuma ya kasance daidai da ka'idojin kasa da kasa, yayin da kuma ya fi dacewa. [9] Har ila yau, wannan aikin zai taimaka wa mutane da yawa a Lebanon ceton kuɗi. To A yau, don samun ruwa mai tsabta, yawancin mazauna suna dogara da ruwa na sirri don ruwan sha. [9] An kiyasta cewa gidaje suna kashe kusan dala miliyan 308 a kowace shekara kan ruwa na zaman kansu. [9]
Hukumar kogin Litani
gyara sasheHukumar USAID ce ta yi shirin tallafa wa kogin Litani River Basin (LRBMS) ta yadda za su iya samun mafita kan lamuran kula da ruwa. Sun sanya hukumar kula da kogin Litani, ta yadda za su yi amfani da albarkatun ruwan kogin Litani . An kafa hukumar kogin Litani a shekara ta 1954. [10] An sanya shi ne don samar da karuwar filayen ban ruwa, samar da wutar lantarki, da bunkasa filayen shakatawa. [10] Wasu hanyoyin da suka bullo da su don sauya alkibla mara kyau da kafa hanyoyin gudanar da ruwa mai dorewa sune samar da ababen more rayuwa, sarrafa janyewa da sakewa, sannan Kuma hana cin zarafi kamar zubar da ruwan sha na masana'antu da fitar da ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da kima, ingantaccen tsarin ruwa, da wayar da kan jama'a. [11] A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, shirin Tallafi na Gudanar da Basin Kogin Litani yana haɓaka ƙarfin fasaha na Hukumar Kogin Litani don sa ido kan ingancin ruwa da yawa, sannan Kuma sarrafa tsarin ban ruwa, tsara haɗarin yanayi, da kuma sa mazauna wurin yin amfani da ruwa mai nauyi. [11]
Matsalolin muhalli a Lebanon
gyara sasheDuba batutuwan muhallin ruwa a Lebanon
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Barry, John and Gene E. Frankland. International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics, s.v. “Non-Violent Direct Action.” Abingdon: Routledge, 2002.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 “Lebanon: Greater Beirut Water Supply Project” Archived 2017-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, World Bank. Accessed April 22, 2014
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Saleh, Kamel. “Lebanon Faces Water Crisis”, Almonitor. Accessed April 23, 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “Lebanon: Climate Change and Politics Threaten Water Wars in Bekaa”, IRIN Middle East. Accessed April 23, 2014.
- ↑ Sakr, Elias. “Taking Aim at Lebanon’s Water Shortage” Archived 2021-10-18 at the Wayback Machine, The Daily Star. Accessed April 23, 2014.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 “Lebanon Profile”, BBC. Accessed April 24, 2014.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 “Lebanon - Greater Beirut Water Supply Project (GBWSP) (English)”, World Bank. Accessed April 24, 2014.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbicusa - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 “Lebanon: Greater Beirut Water Supply Project” Archived 2017-09-20 at the Wayback Machine, World Bank. Accessed April 27, 2014.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Litani River", Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed April 22, 2014.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid
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