Shakku
Shakku, wani hali ne na tambaya ko kokwanto game da ikirari na ilimi wadanda ake gani a matsayin imani ko akida.[1][2] Misali, idan mutum yana da shakku game da ikirarin da gwamnatinsu ta yi akan yakin da ake cigaba da yi to mutumin nan yana kokwanto akan cewa wadannan ikirari ba daidai ne. A irin waɗannan lokuta, masu shakku galibi ba wai suna cewa kada a yarda da abu bane, a'a amma a tsaya a duba gaskiyar lamarin, watau suna tsaka tsaki, su basu gamsu ba kuma basu karyata ba. Wannan halin sau da yawa yana faruwa ne a lokacin da babu wata cikakkiyar hujja da zata bada gaskiyar tabbatuwar wannan abun da ake ikirari ba. A ilimance, shakku wani muhimmin abu ne a fannin falsafa, musamman nazarin ilmantarwa. A al'adance kuwa, za a iya amfani da shakku a babin tambaya ko kokwanto ga batutuwa daban daban, kamar siyasa, addini, ko ilimin kimiyya. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin kayyadaddun bayanai, kamar ɗabi'a (shakku na ɗabi'a), rashin yarda da Allahntaka (shakku game da wanzuwar ubangiji), ko kuma tsafi.[3] Wasu masana ilimin tunani sun bambanta "mai kyau" ko matsakaicin shakku, wanda ke neman shaida mai karfi kafin ya karbi matsayi, daga "mummunan" ko tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda ke son dakatar da hukunci har abada.
Shakku na Falsafa abu ne mai mahimmancin shakku. Yana kin ikirarin ilimi wadanda ke da alama tabbatacce daga mahangar hankali. Siffofin shakku na falsafa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ƙaryata cewa "ilimi ko imani na hankali yana yiwuwa kuma suna ƙarfafa mu mu dakatar da yanke hukunci a kan abubuwa da yawa ko duk masu jayayya." Siffofin matsakaici suna da'awar cewa babu wani abu da za a iya sani da tabbaci, ko kuma ba za mu iya sani kadan ko ba komai game da al'amura marasa tushe, kamar ko Allah yana wanzuwa, ko 'yan Adam suna da 'yancin zaɓe, ko kuma akwai lahira. A cikin falsafar d¯a, an fahimci shakka a matsayin hanyar rayuwa mai dangantaka da kwanciyar hankali.
Shakku ya kasance daga cikin muhimmin al'amari a cigaban kimiyya da falsafa. Hakanan ya haifar da kungiyoyi zamantakewa da yawa na zamani. Shakku na addini ya kunahi tambaya akan wasu ka'idodin addini, kamar rashin da'a, tanadi, da wahayoyi.[4] Masu shakku na kimiyya suna tabbatar da gwada inganci na dogaro, ta hanyar gabatar da su zuwa bincike na yau da kullun ta amfani da hanyar kimiyya, don gano hujjoji masu ma'ana a gare su.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "Popkin, R. H. "The History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Descartes (rev. ed. 1968); C. L. Stough, Greek Skepticism (1969); M. Burnyeat, ed., The Skeptical Tradition (1983); B. Stroud, The Significance of Philosophical Skepticism (1984)". Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com.
- ↑ "Philosophical views are typically classed as skeptical when they involve advancing some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted." utm.edu Archived 13 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Greco, John (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Skepticism. Oxford University Press, US. ISBN 978-0195183214.
- ↑ "Definition of SKEPTICISM". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 5 February 2016.