Operation Yoav (wanda kuma ake kira Operation Plagues Goma ko Operation Yo'av ) wani aikin sojan Isra'ila ne da aka gudanar daga 15-22 Oktoba 1948 a cikin hamadar Negev, a lokacin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948. Manufarta ita ce ta kora tsakanin sojojin Masar a bakin gaɓar, da hanyar Biyer-sheba, da Hebron, da hanyar Urushalima, da yaƙi dukan Negeb. Operation Yoav ya kasance karkashin jagorancin kwamandan Front Front Yigal Allon . An yi wa wannan aiki suna ne bayan Yitzhak Dubno, wanda kwamandojinsa a Palmach suka yi masa lakabi da "Yoav". Dubno, babban jami'in Palmach, an tuhumi shi ne da shiryawa da kuma jagorantar kare kibbutzim Negba da Yad Mordechai. An kashe Dubno ne a wani samame da aka kai ta sama a Kibbutz Negba jim kadan bayan da sojojin Masar suka fara kai farmaki a yankin kudancin Isra'ila.

Infotaula d'esdevenimentOperation Yoav

Iri military operation (en) Fassara
Bangare na Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948 da ethnic cleansing in Palestine (en) Fassara
Kwanan watan 15 –  22 Oktoba 1948
Wuri Negev (en) Fassara
Sojojin Isra'ila sun kama Biyer-sheba

A yankunan tsakiya da arewacin kasar Falasdinu, Isra'ilawa sun yi nasarar samun galaba mai yawa a yankin kafin a fara aiki da tsagaita bude wuta na biyu. Amma Hamadar Negev ta kudu, wadda aka ware wa kasar Yahudawa a cikin Tsarin Rarrabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 1947 na Falasdinu, har yanzu yana karkashin ikon Masar. Duk da tsagaitawar ta biyu, Masarawa sun hana ayarin yahudawa wucewa zuwa Negev, kuma sun kama wasu mukamai fiye da layin sulhu. [1]

Ayyukan Annoba Goma (bayan horon da Allah ya aika wa Masarawa don riƙe Isra’ilawa bauta a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci ) an yi shi kuma an amince da shi a zaman majalisar zartarwa na 6 ga Oktoba 1948. Wannan farmakin ya zo ne a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1948, lokacin da aka harba wani ayari dauke da manyan motoci 16 a lokacin da suke wucewa ta yankunan kasar Masar.

Ralph Bunche, wanda ya zama mai shiga tsakani na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa Count Folke Bernadotte, ya ce:

Matakin soja na [Isra'ila] na 'yan kwanakin nan ya kasance a kan sikelin da za a iya aiwatar da shi ne kawai bayan dogon shiri, kuma da kyar za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin matakin ramuwar gayya kan harin da aka kai kan ayarin motocin [Isra'ila]. [2] [3]

Aikin ya zo daidai da Operation ha-Har, 18-24 ga Oktoba, inda dakarun Harel da Etzioni Brigades suka kai hari kan kauyukan Masar da ke kan hanyar Jerusalem Corridor .

 
Harin Bam na Iraki Suwaydan, 9 Nuwamba 1948.
 
Negev brigade

Sojojin Isra'ila sun hada da birged soji guda uku, Negev Brigade, Givati Brigade karkashin jagorancin Abraham "Kiki" Elkin, da Yiftach Brigade, bataliyar mai sulke daga Brigade ta 8 masu sulke da kuma kakkabo manyan bindigogi da aka samu ga sojojin. IDF a lokacin. A ranar 18 ga Oktoba kuma rundunar Oded Brigade ta shiga aikin. Da yammacin ranar 15 ga watan Oktoba sojojin saman Isra'ila sun kai hari Gaza, al-Majdal (yanzu Ashkelon ), Beersheba da Beit Hanoun . An sake kai harin bama-bamai a wasu wurare a cikin dare biyu masu zuwa. Wata bataliyar rundunar sojojin ta Yiftach Brigade ta yi aikin hakar ma'adinan jirgin kasa tsakanin El-Arish da Rafah da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban a yankin na Gaza, inda suka kuma tuka wata hanya. Bataliyoyin Birgediya Biyu na Givati Brigade sun kori kudu maso gabashin Iraki al-Manshiyya (a yanzu Kiryat Gath ), don haka yanke hanya tsakanin al-Faluja da Beit Jibrin . Bataliya ta 52 ta Givati da Brigade ta 8 sun kama Beit Jibrin a ranar 23 ga Oktoba.

Da sanyin safiya na ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba, bayan dare biyu na hare-hare ta sama, sojojin Negev Brigade da 8th Armored Brigade sun kai hari kan Beersheba daga yamma. Wata runduna ta sake haɗa su daga arewa. Dakarun sojojin Masar sun kunshi sojoji 500 da wasu kananan bindigogi. Sun dan yi tsayin daka na tsawon awanni biyar kafin su mika wuya. [4] An yi wa cin nasarar Biyersheba suna Operation Moshe, bayan Moshe Albert, wanda ya faɗi yana kare Beit Eshel da aka kewaye.

Yayin da aka ba da umarnin tsagaita wuta na tsawon sa'o'i 15:00 a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, an ci gaba da aiwatar da kwanaki da suka biyo bayan aikin, da kuma alaƙa da shi.

Bayan da Masarawa suka koma kudu daga Ashdod (Oktoba 28) da al-Majdal (Nuwamba 6) zuwa Gaza, yankin gabar tekun da ke Yad Mordechai ya kasance a hannun sojojin Isra'ila. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, an kama sansanin Suwaydan na Iraki tare da canza sunan sansanin Yoav don girmama aikin. [5]

A ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba sojoji na birgediya ta 8 sun yi kisan kiyashi a al-Dawayima . [6]

A ƙarshen aikin Janar Allon ya nemi izinin ƙaddamar da hari a kan tuddan Hebron da cikin kwarin Jericho. David Ben-Gurion ya ki yarda, musamman saboda fargabar cewa hakan zai kai ga shiga Burtaniya.

Hukumar ba da agajin ‘yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayar da rahoton cewa, ‘yan gudun hijira a zirin Gaza sun haura daga 100,000 zuwa 230,000 sakamakon aikin da ake yi na Operation Yoav.[7] Wannan adadi bai haɗa da waɗanda suka gudu zuwa Dutsen Hebron ba. [8]

Kauyukan Larabawa da aka kama

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Kauyuka da garuruwan da aka kama a lokacin Operation Yoav, Oktoba 1948.
Name Population (1944/45) Date Defending forces Brigade notes
Bayt 'Affa 700 2nd half of October 1948 Egyptian army n/a First captured by Giv'ati Brigade in July but only held for a few days. Population fled and village destroyed.
Bayt Tima 1,060 11/19 October n/a but a Saudi company here in early July as well as Palestinian Militia. Givati Brigade Bombarded by planes and artillery prior to capture. Population fled and village destroyed.
Hulayqat 420 19 October Egyptian Army:600 regular soldiers with '100 killed' Givati Brigade Captured and held by the Israeli army following Operation Barak. Retaken by Egyptians on 7 July. Some villagers returned but fled in October. Village destroyed.
Kawkaba 680 20 October Saudi Company present in June Givati Brigade On front line between Egyptians and Israelis. Changed hands several times during the summer. Villagers fled and buildings destroyed.
Beersheba 5,570 21 October Egyptian Army 8th Armored Brigade, Negev Brigade Arabs expelled, 10 km radius exclusion zone enforced on Bedouin.
Ra'na 190 22–23 October n/a Givati Brigade Those villagers who remained expelled and village destroyed.
Zikrin 960 22–23 October n/a Givati Brigade depopulated and village destroyed.
Kidna 450 22–23 October Arab Liberation Army, Muslim Brotherhood volunteers and local militia. Givati Brigade depopulated and village destroyed.
'Ajjur 3,730 23 October n/a 4th Battalion, Givati Brigade depopulated, most inhabitants left after earlier attacks. Town destroyed.
Dayr al-Dubban 730 23–24 October none Givati Brigade Most of villagers fled, some expelled. Village destroyed.
Bayt Jibrin 2,430 24 October Egyptian Army unit in police fort. Givati Brigade Bombed from the air on 18 October and on several subsequent occasions. Town depopulated but not all buildings destroyed.
Al-Qubayba 1,060 28 October none Givati or Harel Brigade Population fled and village destroyed.
Isdud 4,910 including 290 Jews 28 October Egyptians withdrew Givati Brigade Bombed for three nights by the IAF. 300 villagers who remained expelled. Village destroyed.
al-Dawayima 3,710 29 October no organized defense 89th Battalion, 8th Brigade Village destroyed.
Dayr Sunayd 730 Late October Egyptian Army, 9th Battalion including Gamal Abdel Nasser n/a Bombed from air during early stages of operation. Villagers fled and village destroyed.
Al-Khalasa Azazima Bedouin End of October Egyptian Army Negev Brigade Possibly captured in May. Destroyed.
Hamama 5,070 including 60 Jews 4 November Egyptian Army Givati Brigade Occupants fled or expelled. Village destroyed in operation on 30 November.
Al-Jiyya 1,230 4 November n/a Givati Brigade Villagers expelled and village destroyed.
Al-Jura 2,420 4 November no resistance Givati Brigade villagers expelled and village destroyed.
al-Majdal 9,910 4 November Egyptian Army Givati Brigade, Negev Brigade, Yiftach Brigade Townspeople who had remained or returned finally expelled in 1950.
Hiribya 2,300 including 60 Jews early November Egyptian Army n/a Another location bombed from air. Population fled or expelled, buildings destroyed.
Bayt Jirja 940 4–5 November n/a Givati Brigade, Negev Brigade, Yiftach Brigade population fled or expelled, village destroyed.
Barbara 2,410 5 November n/a n/a Bombed from air during early stage of operation. Depopulated and town destroyed.

Brigades masu shiga

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  • 8th Brigade masu sulke
  • Givati Brigade
  • Negev Brigade
  • Oded Brigade
  • Yiftach Brigade

Duba kuma

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  • Yakin sojojin ruwan Isra'ila a Operation Yoav
  • Jerin fadace-fadace da ayyuka a yakin Falasdinu na 1948
  • Rushewar wuraren Falasɗinawa a Isra'ila

Manazarta

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  1. Yigal Allon: Native Son, Anita Shapira
  2. Ralph Bunche and the 1949 armistice agreements revisited
  3. The Arab Israeli Dilemma: Third Edition
  4. O'Ballance, Edgar (1956) The Arab-Israeli War. 1948. Faber & Faber, London. p.180.
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IWeapons
  6. see also David Ben-Gurion's diaries: entry 10 November 1948. Only published in Arabic and Hebrew. 'Rumors' that the army had 'slaughtered 70–80 persons'
  7. Morris, p. 224. F.G. Beard quoted in a report from the American Charge d'affaires in Cairo to the US Secretary of State. National Archive 501 BB. Palestine/11-1648. Also describes conditions.
  8. Morris, p. 221 says most of Beersheba's population fled towards the Hebron Hills - p. 219

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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Samfuri:Israeli operations in the 1948 war