Masallacin Larabanga
Masallacin Larabanga wani masallaci ne da aka gina da salon gine-ginen Sudan a ƙauyen Larabanga, Ghana. Masallaci ne mafi tsufa a kasar kuma daya daga cikin mafi tsufa a Yammacin Afirka, kuma an kira shi "Makka na Yammacin Afirka". An sake sabunta shi sau da yawa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1421. Asusun Tarihin Duniya (WMF) ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga maido da shi, kuma ya lissafa shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Shafuka 100 Mafi Hadari. Ayyukan maidowa sun farfado da ilimin kula da adobe.
| Masallacin Larabanga | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Ghana |
| Yankuna na Ghana | Yankin Savannah |
| Gundumomin Ghana | West Gonja Municipal District |
| Coordinates | 9°13′N 1°52′W / 9.22°N 1.87°W |
 | |
| History and use | |
| Opening | 1421 |
| Karatun Gine-gine | |
| Material(s) |
adobe (en)  |
| Style (en) |
Sudano-Sahelian architecture (en) |
| Heritage | |
|
| |
Masallacin yana da tsohon Alƙur'ani, wanda mutanen yankin suka yi imanin cewa an ba shi kyauta daga sama a shekara ta 1650 ga Yidan Barimah Bramah, Imam a lokacin, sakamakon addu'o'in da ya yi. Masallacin, wanda aka gina ta hanyar amfani da adobe na Afirka ta Yamma, yana da dogayen hasumiyai guda biyu a cikin sifar pyramidal, ɗaya don mihrab wanda ke fuskantar Makka yana yin facade a gabas ɗayan kuma a matsayin minaret a kusurwar arewa maso gabas. Waɗannan su ne buttressed ta hanyar sifofi guda goma sha biyu, waɗanda aka haɗa da abubuwan katako.
Wuri gyara sashe
Masallacin yana cikin garin Musulunci na Larabanga, kusa da Damongo a gundumar Gonja ta Yammacin Savannah na Ghana. Garin yana kusan kilomita 15 arewa da Damongo, kuma kilomita 4 kudu da ƙofar Filin shakatawa na Mole.[1]
Tarihi gyara sashe
Dangane da wani labari, a cikin 1421, wani ɗan kasuwa Islama mai suna Ayuba ya yi mafarki yayin da yake zama a nan, kusa da "Dutsen Mystic", yana ba shi umarnin gina masallaci. Wani abin ban mamaki, lokacin da ya farka, ya tarar da cewa asusu sun riga sun fara aiki sannan ya ci gaba da gina masallacin har sai an kammala.[2][3] Akwai imani cewa ya bar umarni cewa a binne shi kusa da masallaci kuma bayan kwana uku, baobab wanda zai harba kan kabarinsa za a kiyaye shi daga tsara zuwa tsara. Itacen baobab kusa da masallaci a yau an yi masa alama don nuna wurin kabarin Ayuba.[2] Mutanen garin na Larabanga ana tsammanin sun dogara da ganyayyaki da gindin wannan bishiyar baobab don warkar da cututtuka.
Ba kamar masallatai da ke cikin biranen Yammacin Afirka ba, Masallacin Larabanga yana da ƙanƙanta. Masallatan karkara, kamar na Larabanga, galibi ana yin su ne ta hanyar marabout guda ɗaya kuma a hankali akan salo da aka gani a wani wuri kamar a Babban Masallacin Djenné.[4] Domin cimma kamanceceniya ta zahiri da tsarin gine -ginen da ake amfani da shi a wani wuri, dole ne Masallacin Larabanga ya haɗa manyan bututu don biyan diyyar ƙarancin kayan gini.[4] Larabanga yana daya daga cikin tsoffin masallatai takwas da ake girmamawa a Ghana, kuma shine mafi tsufa. Wuri ne na aikin hajji kuma ana ɗaukarsa Makka ta Yammacin Afirka.[2]
A shekarun 1970, an sanya cakuda yashi da siminti a fuskokin masallacin da nufin kare masallacin daga lalacewar iska da ruwan sama. Koyaya, wannan jiyya ya haifar da lalacewar ginin sosai yayin da danshi ya makale a cikin bangon da aka gina na adobe kuma ya fara lalacewar tsarin, tare da ƙanƙara da ke mamaye tallafin katako a ƙarƙashin yanayin danshi.[5] Wannan ya haifar da wani ɓangare na masallacin ya rushe kuma yayin aikin gyara ya haifar da wasu murdiya na abubuwan tsarin da na waje na masallacin.[5]
Sakamakon tasirin iska da ruwan sama a jikin bango, masallacin ya buƙaci gyare -gyare da aikin sabuntawa da yawa waɗanda a cikin shekarun da suka gabata sun canza wasu ƙirar sa ta waje.[6][7] A watan Satumba na 2002, guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata mihrab da minaret. A sakamakon haka, Asusun Tarihin Duniya (WMF) ya sanya masallacin a kan 2002 World Monuments Watch,[5] kuma idan aka yi la’akari da barnar da aka samu bayan gyara da bai dace ba a shekarun 1970.[5] Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi da Siffar tunawa ta Ghana ta yanke shawarar mayar da masallacin tare da neman shawara daga CRAterre, wani kamfanin gine -gine da ke Grenoble, Faransa wanda ke da gwaninta wajen gina gine -ginen kasa.[5] WMF ta tallafa wa aikin gyaran, tare da tallafin tallafin dalar Amurka 50,000 daga American Express.[8] Al’ummar yankin ma sun bada tallafi. Tsarin kiyayewa ya haɗa da cire farar siminti na farko daga saman masallacin, an maye gurbin kayan aikin katako, an sake gina minaret da mihrab, an sake gyara tashar, an kuma yi filaye na ciki da na waje kamar yadda aka saba.[5][8] Gyaran ya haifar da sake tantance yanayin kiyayewar wurin, wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyar masu sana'ar hannu da kwadago. Ya taimaka wajen dawo da abin tunawa tare da ba da fifiko na musamman kan farfado da ilimin kula da Adobe.[5]
Siffofin gyara sashe
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Kamar sauran masallatai a Yankunan Arewa da Savannah na Ghana, Masallacin Larabanga an gina shi ne a cikin tsarin gine-ginen gargajiya na Sudanic-Sahelian, ta amfani da kayan gida da dabarun gini. An gina masallacin da wattle da daub,[2] kuma ya kai kimanin mita 8 (26 ft) da mita 8 (26 ft). Tana da hasumiyai guda biyu a siffar pyramidal, ɗaya na mihrab wanda ke fuskantar Makka[5] yana yin facade a gabas ɗayan kuma a matsayin minaret a kusurwar arewa maso gabas.[5] Bugu da ƙari, ginshiƙai 12 na siffa mai siffa a kan bangon waje suna ƙarfafawa ta hanyar abubuwan katako masu daidaitacce. Tsarin gine-ginen kuma ana kiranta da "gine-ginen adobe flat-footed". Ana ba duk tsarukan fararen wanki. Masallacin yana da tsohon Alƙur'ani, wanda mutanen yankin suka yi imanin cewa an ba shi kyauta daga sama a shekara ta 1650 ga Bramah, Imam a lokacin, sakamakon addu'arsa.[2] An kuma tallafa wa al’ummar yankin a wani aikin hannu da na yawon bude ido don samar da kudade ba wai kawai don biyan kudin kula da masallacin ba har ma da inganta yanayin tattalin arzikin mutane.[7]
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ "Larabanga Mosque". Ghana Tourism Authority. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Ancient Mosques of the Northern Region". Ghana Museums & Monuments Board. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ↑ Briggs 2014, p. 436.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Prussin 1968, p. 72.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Blier, Suzanne Preston. "Butabu, West Africa's Extraordinary Earthen Agency" (PDF). World Monuments Fund. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
- ↑ "Larabanga Mosque". World Monuments Fund Organization. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Rainer, Rivera & Gandreau 2011, p. 249.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Larabanga Mosque to be restored". Ghanaweb. 26 October 2002. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
Bibliography gyara sashe
- Briggs, Philip (4 January 2014). Ghana. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-478-5.
- Prussin, Labelle (1968). "The Architecture of Islam in West Africa". African Arts. 1 (2): 32–35, 70–74. doi:10.2307/3334324. JSTOR 3334324.
- Rainer, Leslie H.; Rivera, Angelyn Bass; Gandreau, David (2011). Terra 2008. Getty Publications. ISBN 978-1-60606-043-8.
Hanyoyin waje gyara sashe
- "Larabanga Mosque: A Ghanaian Treasure Reborn," ICON Magazine, Winter 2003/2004, p. 37. (archived at the Wayback Machine)