Makami
Makami shine duk wani kayan aiki ko na'urar da za a iya amfani da ita don hanawa, barazana, cutar da jiki, cutarwa, ko kisa. Ana amfani da makamai don yin ayyuka kamar farauta, aikata laifuka, tilasta bin doka, kare kai, yaki, ko kisan kai. A cikin faffadar bayani, ana iya fassara makami da dukkan wani abu da aka yi amfani da shi don samun galaba ko kare kai daga Makiyi.
 Makami | |
|---|---|
weapon functional class (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
tool (en) da adult product (en) |
| Hashtag (en) | weapon |
| Amfani wajen |
Mayaka da hunter (en) |
| 2022 Harmonized System Code (en) | 93 |
| Makami | |
|---|---|
|
weapon functional class (en) | |
|
| |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
tool (en) da adult product (en) |
| Hashtag (en) | weapon |
| Amfani wajen |
Mayaka da hunter (en) |
| 2022 Harmonized System Code (en) | 93 |
Yayin da abubuwa na yau da kullum kamar su: sanduna, duwatsu, kwalabe, kujeru, motoci - za a iya amfani da su matsayin makamai, abubuwa da yawa an tsara su a fili don manufar; wadannan kewayo daga kayan aiki masu sauki kamar kulake, gatari da takuba, zuwa rikitattun bindigogi na zamani, tankuna, makamai masu linzami na duniya, makamai masu linzami, da makamin yanar gizo . Wani abu da aka sake yin niyya, canzawa, ko habakawa ya zama makamin yaki ana kiransa makami.
Tarihi gyara sashe
Yin amfani da makami babban abin da ke haifar da juyin al'adu da tarihin dan adam ne har zuwa yau, tun da makamai wani nau'i ne na kayan aiki da ake amfani da su don mamayewa da kuma murkushe masu cin gashin kansu kamar dabbobi kuma ta hanyar ba da damar fadada al'adu, yayin da a lokaci guda sauran masu amfani da makami (watau wakilai kamar mutane, kungiyoyi, al'adu) suna iya daidaitawa da makaman makiya ta hanyar koyo, haifar da ci gaba da aiwatar da gasa na fasaha, fasaha da haɓaka fahimi ( tseren makamai ).[1]
Na Tarihi gyara sashe
An lura da amfani da abubuwa a matsayin makami a tsakanin chimpanzees, [2] wanda ke haifar da hasashe cewa farkon kisan gilla sun yi amfani da makamai tun shekaru miliyan biyar da suka gabata. [3] Koyaya, ba za a iya tabbatar da hakan ta amfani da shaidar zahiri ba saboda kulake na katako, mashi, da duwatsun da ba a siffa su ba sun bar wani rikodi mara tushe. Makamai na farko da ba su da tabbas da aka samo su ne Schöningen spears, mashin jifa na katako guda takwas da suka yi sama da shekaru 300,000. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] A wurin Nataruk a Turkana, Kenya, kwarangwal kwarangwal na mutane da yawa da suka kai shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata na iya nuna alamun rauni a kai, wuya, hakarkari, gwiwoyi da hannaye, gami da majigi na obsidian da ke cikin kasusuwan da kibiyoyi suka yi. da kulake a lokacin rikici tsakanin kungiyoyin mafarauta guda biyu. [9] Amma an kalubalanci fassarar shaidar yaki a Nataruk. [10]
Tsohon tarihi gyara sashe
Tsofaffin makamai na farko sune hadakar juyin halitta na kayan aikin Neolithic nkarshenen, amma gagarumin ci gaba a cikin kayan aiki da dabarun kira sun haifar da jerin juyin juya hali a fasahar soja .
Habaka kayan aikin karfe ya fara da jan ƙarfe a lokacin Zamanin Copper (kimanin 3,300 BC) kuma zamanin Bronze ya biyo baya, wanda ya kai ga kirkirar takobin zamanin Bronze da makamantansu.
A zamanin Bronze Age, sifofin tsaro na farko da katangar sun bayyana suma, yana nuna karin bukatar tsaro. Makaman da aka kera don karya katangar sun biyo baya ba da jimawa ba, irin su batter ram, wanda 2500 ke amfani da shi. BC [11]
Ci gaban aikin karfe a kusa da 1300 BC a Girka yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban tsoffin makamai. Ba gabatarwar farkon takuba na zamanin Iron ba, duk da haka, saboda ba su da fifiko ga magabata na tagulla, amma a maimakon haka gida na doki da kuma amfani da kafafun kafar kafa ta c. 2000 BC. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar haske, karusar doki, wanda ingantaccen motsi ya tabbatar da mahimmanci a wannan zamanin. Amfani da karusar da aka yi magana ya kai kusan 1300 BC sannan ya ki, ya daina kasancewa da alaka da soja ta karni na 4 BC.
Sojojin dawakai sun habaka da zarar an yi kiwon dawakai don daukar nauyin dan adam. Dokin ya tsawaita zangon ya kuma kara saurin kai hare-hare.
Bugu da Kari ga makamin kasa, jiragen ruwa, irin su trireme, ana amfani da su a karni na 7 BC.
Bayan-classical tarihi gyara sashe
Yakin Turai a lokacin tarihin bayan fage ya kasance mafi rinjayen kungiyoyin Makiyi da ke da goyan bayan dakaru masu yawa (dukansu a cikin yaki da matsayi). Sun kasance cikin fadace-fadace ta wayar hannu da kawanya wadanda suka hada da makamai da dabaru daban-daban. Knights a kan dawakai sun haɓaka dabarun yin caji tare da mashin da ke ba da tasiri kan tsarin abokan gaba sannan kuma zana karin amfani da makamai (kamar takuba ) da zarar sun shiga cikin tsaka mai wuya. Akasin haka, sojoji, a zamanin da kafin tsarin tsari, sun dogara da arha, kwakkwaran makamai kamar mashi da kugiya a cikin yaki da bakuna daga nesa. Yayin da sojoji suka zama ƙwararru, kayan aikinsu sun daidaita kuma sojojin sun koma pikes. Pikes yawanci tsayi bakwai zuwa takwas ne, kuma ana amfani dasu tare da kananan hannaye na gefe (gajeren takobi).
A yakin Gabas da Gabas ta Tsakiya, an samar da irin wannan dabaru ba tare da tasirin Turai ba.
Gabatar da foda daga Asiya a karshen wannan zamani ya kawo juyin juya hali. Kungiyoyin musketeers, wadanda pikemen ke kariya sun zo ne don mamaye budadden yake-yake, kuma igwa ya maye gurbin trebuchet a matsayin babban makamin kewaye .
Manazarta gyara sashe
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
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- ↑ Weiss, Rick (February 22, 2007) "Chimps Observed Making Their Own Weapons", The Washington Post
- ↑ Thieme, Hartmut and Maier, Reinhard (eds.) (1995) Archäologische Ausgrabungen im Braunkohlentagebau Schöningen. Landkreis Helmstedt, Hannover.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
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- ↑ Jöris, O. (2005) "Aus einer anderen Welt – Europa zur Zeit des Neandertalers". In: N.J. Conard et al. (eds.): Vom Neandertaler zum modernen Menschen. Ausstellungskatalog Blaubeuren. pp. 47–70.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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