Harsuna Talodi-Heiban
Harsunan Talodi–Heiban Reshe ne da aka tsara na dangin Nijar–Congo, wanda ake magana a tsaunin Nuba na Sudan . Harsunan Talodi da Heiban ana tsammanin suna da alaƙa da Dimmendaal, [3] kodayake Glottolog 4.4 bai yarda da haɗin kai na Talodi – Heiban ba yana jiran ƙarin shaida.
| Talodi–Heiban | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Nuba Hills, Sudan |
| Linguistic classification |
Nnijer–Kongo
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog |
None narr1279 (Talodi)[1] heib1242 (Heiban)[2] |
 | |
Rarraba
gyara sasheRoger Blench (2016) ya lura cewa rassan Talodi da Heiban suna da kamanceceniya da yawa, amma kaɗan kamanceceniya. Blench (2016) ya ɗauki Talodi da Heiban a matsayin kowannensu dabam, rassan Nijar da Kongo masu zaman kansu waɗanda daga baya suka haɗu saboda hulɗar juna.
Talodi da Heiban kowannensu ya kafa rukuni na reshen Kordofanian Niger–Congo wanda Joseph Greenberg ya kafa (1963); Ana kuma kiran Talodi Talodi-Masakin, kuma ana kiran Heiban Koalib ko Koalib–Moro. Roger Blench ya lura cewa iyalai Talodi da Heiban suna da tsarin tsarin suna na Atlantic-Congo core na Niger-Congo, amma harsunan Katla (wani reshe na Kordofanian) ba su da alamar samun irin wannan tsarin. yayin da harsunan Kadu da wasu daga cikin yarukan Rashad da alama sun sami azuzuwan suna a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sprachbund , maimakon sun gaji su. Ya ƙarasa da cewa harsunan Kordofanian ba su kafa ƙungiyar asali ba, amma Talodi–Heiban ita ce ginshiƙi na Nijar – Kongo, yayin da Katla da Rashad suka zama reshe na gefe (ko watakila rassa) tare da layin Mande . Harsunan Kadu na iya zama Nilo-Saharan .
- † = bacewa
Lafoda (Tegem), wani lokacin ana rarrabe shi azaman harshen Talodit, yana da ƙungiyar da aka samu daban-daban tare da sauran reshen Nijar-Congo.
Norton & Alaki (2015)
gyara sasheNorton & Alaki (2015: 76, 126)[4] classify the Talodi languages as follows. Proto-Talodi, Proto-Lumun-Torona, and Proto-Narrow Talodi have also been reconstructed by Norton & Alaki (2015). Samfuri:Clade
Dangantaka
gyara sasheWasiku na lexical tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): [5]
| Gloss | Proto-Heiban | Proto-Talodi |
|---|---|---|
| ciki | *k-aaRi / ɲ- | * Ca[a] rәk / kә- |
| bushewa | *Ø-undu/k- | *Øandu[k] / t~k |
| kunne | *k-ɛɛni / ɲ- | *k-ɛ[ɛ]nu / Ø- |
| wuta | *iga | *t̪-ɪ[ɪ]k / ḷ- |
| bayarwa | *N-d̪ɛ-d̪í | *N-d̪í |
| hanji | *t̪-y / n̪-u | *ku[u]k/n- |
| ji | *g-ani/n- | * g-eenu / w- |
| rami | *li-buŋul / ŋu- | *t-ʊbʊ / n- |
| kaho | *l-uba / ŋ- | *t~C-uubʊk / n~m- |
| gefen hagu | *t̪-agur | *Ø-ʊgʊlɛ / C- |
| suna | *C-iriɲ | *k-әḷәŋaŋ / N~Ø- |
| ja | *uud̪i | *adu |
| ja | * k-ʊʊrɪ | * ɗã |
| igiya | * d̪-aar / ŋw- | *t̪-ɔ[ɔ]ḷәk / ḷ- |
| karami | *-itti(ɲ) | *ɔt̪t̪ɛ(ŋ) |
| tauraro | *l-ʊrʊm / ŋ- | *C-ɔ[ɔ] d̪ɔt̪ / m |
| dutse | *k-adɔl / y- | *p-әd̪ɔk / m |
| harshe | * d̪-iŋgәla / r- | *t̪-ʊlәŋɛ / ḷ- |
| hakori | *l-iŋgat / y- | *C-әɲi[t] / k- |
| reshe | *k-ibɔ / ʧ- | *k-ʊbɪ / Ø- |
Kwatanta prefix na aji tsakanin Proto-Heiban da Proto-Talodi bisa ga Blench (2016): [5]
| Sunan class | Proto-Heiban | Proto-Talodi |
|---|---|---|
| Mutane | *kʷ,gʷ-/l- | *p,b-/Ø- |
| Bishiyoyi da shuke-shuke | *k,g/y- | *p-/k- |
| Abubuwa masu zagaye, sassan jiki masu mahimmanci | *li-/ŋʷ- | * ʧ-/m- |
| sassan jiki masu kamanceceniya | *l-/j- | * ʧ-/k- |
| Dogayen abubuwa masu bakin ciki, abubuwa masu bushewa | ð-/r- | *t/n |
| Ƙananan abubuwa, dabbobi | *ŋ-, t-/ɲ- | *ŋ-/ɲ- |
| Ruwan ruwa | *ŋ- | *ŋ- |
| Abubuwan da ba a iya lissafawa, [kura, ciyawa] | *k- | *t- |
Duba kuma
gyara sashe- Mutane da sunan Heiban Nuba
- Mutane da sunan Talodi
- Jerin abubuwan sake gina Proto-Talodi (Wiktionary)
- Jerin abubuwan sake gina Proto-Heiban (Wiktionary)
Bayanan kula
gyara sashe- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Narrow Talodi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Heibanic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:842.
- ↑ Norton, Russell, and Thomas Kuku Alaki. 2015. The Talodi Languages: A Comparative-Historical Analysis. Occasional papers in the study of Sudanese languages 11:31-161.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Blench, Roger. 2016. Do Heiban and Talodi form a genetic group and how are they related to Niger-Congo?.
- Roger Blench. Ba a buga ba. Kordofanian da Nijar–Congo: sabbin kuma sabbin shedar kamus .
- Roger Blench, 2011, Ya kamata a raba Kordofanian? , Taron Nuba Hills, Leiden
- Blench, Roger. 2016. Shin Heiban da Talodi sun kafa rukunin kwayoyin halitta kuma yaya suke da alaka da Nijar-Congo? .