Harshen Ogiek
Ogiek (kuma Okiek da Akiek) yare ne na Kudancin Nilotic na dangin Kalenjin wanda mutanen Ogiek ke magana ko kuma sau ɗaya suke magana, ƙungiyoyin mafarauta da masu tarawa a Kudancin Kenya da Arewacin Tanzania. Yawancin masu magana da Ogiek sun haɗu da al'adun mutanen da ke kewaye da su: Akie a arewacin Tanzania yanzu suna magana da Maasai kuma Ogiek na Kinare, Kenya yanzu suna magana ne da Gikuyu. Ndorobo kalma ce da ake la'akari da wulakanci, wani lokaci ana amfani da ita don komawa ga kungiyoyi daban-daban na mafarauta a wannan yanki, gami da Ogiek.
| Harshen Ogiek | |
|---|---|
| |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
oki |
| Glottolog |
okie1245[1] |
Harsuna
gyara sasheAkwai manyan nau'ikan Ogiek guda uku da aka rubuta, kodayake akwai kungiyoyin Ogiek da yawa da ake kira:
- Kinare, ana magana da shi a kusa da wurin Kenya Kinare a gabashin gangaren Rift Valley. Yaren Kinare ya ƙare, kuma Rottland (1982:24-25) ya ba da rahoton cewa ya sami wasu tsofaffi maza daga Kinare a 1976, sun yi aure da matan Kikuyu kuma sun shiga cikin al'adun Kikuyu, waɗanda iyayensu suka zauna a cikin gandun daji a kusa da Kinare a matsayin Ogiek mai tara zuma. Sun kira kansu /akié:k pa kínáre/, watau Ogiek na Kinare.
- Sogoo (ko Sokóò), ana magana da shi a kudancin Dajin Mau tsakanin kogin Amala da Ewas Ng'iro (Heine 1973). Matsayin ainihin yaren Sogoo ba shi da tabbas. Bernd Heine ya haɗa da wasu ƙamus na Sogoo a cikin 'Vokabulare ostafrikanischer Restsprachen' (1973). Franz Rottland, yana bin umarnin Heine, ya haɗu da wani yanki na Sogoo na gidaje goma a cikin 1977, kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa an gaya masa cewa akwai wasu ƙauyuka na Sogoon da yawa a kusa da shi (Rottland 1982:25). Masu magana da Sogoo suna da hulɗa da Kipsikii, wasu mutanen Kalenjin, kuma sun sami damar nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin yarensu da Kipsigis. Shekaru goma bayan haka, Gabriele Sommer (1992:389) ya rarraba yaren Sogoo kamar yadda yake fuskantar barazanar halaka. An rubuta nau'ikan Sogoo a wani yanki inda Kipchorng'wonek Okiek ke zaune (Sogoo shine sunan wani yanki / cibiyar a can). Ana samun matani masu yawa daga tattaunawar da ke faruwa a cikin al'ummomin Kipchorng'wonek da Kaplelach Okiek a cikin wallafe-wallafen Dr. Corinne A. Kratz.
- Akie (ko Akiek), ana magana da shi a Tanzania a kudancin yankin Arusha. Akie ana magana da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin Arusha, wanda shine yankin Maasai. Wataƙila Akie yana mutuwa saboda yawancin masu magana da shi sun koma, ko kuma suna canzawa zuwa, Harshen Maasai. Maguire (1948:10) ya riga ya ba da rahoton babban matakin harsuna biyu a cikin Maasai, kuma ya ce "[t]he harshe na Mósiro [sunan dangin Akie] yana mutuwa, kamar yadda kowane harshe sai Masai ke yi a ƙasar Masai. " A cikin 1980s, duk da haka, Corinne Kratz da James Woodburn sun ziyarci kungiyoyin Akie a Tanzania yayin binciken kuma sun gano cewa suna da harsuna guda biyu a Akie da Maasai.
Dubi kuma
gyara sasheManazarta
gyara sasheBayanan littattafai
gyara sashe- Heine, Bernd (1973) 'Vokabulare ostafrikanischer Restsprachen', Afrika und Übersee, 57, 1, shafuffuka 38-.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (1981) "Shin Okiek da gaske Masai ne? ko Kipsigis? ko Kikuyu?" Cahiers d'Études africaines. Fashewa. 79 XX:3, shafuffuka 355-68.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (1986) 'Hadin gwiwar kabilanci, bambancin tattalin arziki da amfani da harshe: rahoto game da bincike tare da Kaplelach da Kipchornwonek Okiek', Sprache und Geschichte a Afrika, 7, 189 - 226.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (1989) "Okiek Potters da kayan aikin su. " A cikin tukwane da tukwane na Kenya. J. Barbour da S. Wandibba ne suka shirya shi. Nairobi: Jami'ar Oxford Press.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (1994) Tasiri Aiki: Ma'ana, Motsi da Kwarewa a farkon Mata na Okiek. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (1999) "Okiek na Kenya. " A cikin Mutanen da ke cin abinci: Encyclopedia na Masu Gano na zamani. Richard Lee da Richard Daly ne suka shirya shi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, shafi na 220-224.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (2000) "Jima'i, Kabilanci, da Kyakkyawan Jama'a a cikin Maasai da Okiek Beadwork. "A cikin sake tunani game da Pastoralism a Afirka: Jima'i، Al'adu, da Labarin Shugabanci. Dorothy Hodgson ce ta shirya shi. Oxford: James Currey Publisher, shafi na 43-71.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (2001) "Tattaunawa da Rayuwa. " A cikin Kalmomin Afirka, Muryoyin Afirka: Ayyuka masu mahimmanci a Tarihin Magana. Luise White, Stephan Miescher, da David William Cohen ne suka shirya shi. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, shafi na 127-161.
- Kratz, Corinne A. (2002) Wadanda ake nema: Sadarwa da Siyasa ta Wakilai a cikin Nunin Hotuna. Berkeley: Jami'ar California Press.
- Maguire, R.A.J. (1948) 'Il-Torobo', Tanganyika Bayani da Rubuce-rubuce, 25, 1-27.Tanganyika Bayani da Rubuce-, 25, 1-27.
- Rottland, Franz (1982) Die Südnilotischen Sprachen: Beschreibung, Vergelichung und Rekonstruktion (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik kundi na 7). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. (shafuffuka na 26, 138-139)
- Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'Bincike kan mutuwar harshe a Afirka', a cikin Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Mutuwar Harshe: Bincike na Gaskiya da Ka'idoji tare da Bayani na Musamman ga Gabashin Afirka. Berlin/New York: Tumar Gruyter, shafuffuka na 301-.
Haɗin waje
gyara sashe- [1] Archived 2021-07-24 at the Wayback Machine The Ogiek People
- Sketch of Okiek by Corinne A. Kratz.
- A preliminary documentation of the Okiek Language of Kenya deposited by Jane Akinyi Ngala Oduor
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Ogiek". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.