Yaren Kalenjin

 

Yaren Kalenjin
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nilo-Saharan Eastern Sudanic (en) Harshen Nilotic Southern Nilotic (en) Yaren Kalenjin
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kln
Glottolog	kale1246

Harsunan Kalenjin iyali ne na Harsunan Kudancin Nilotic da ake magana a Kenya, gabashin Uganda da arewacin Tanzania. Kalmar Kalenjin ta fito ne daga wata magana da ke nufin 'Ina cewa (a gare ku) ' ko 'Na gaya muku' (yanayin yanzu). Kalenjin' a cikin wannan ma'anar harshe mai zurfi bai kamata a rikita shi da Kalenjin ba a matsayin kalma don asalin kowa mutanen da ke magana da Nandi na Kenya sun ɗauka a tsakiyar karni na ashirin; duba Mutanen Kalenjin da Harshen Kalenjin.

Rassan

Harsunan Kalenjin galibi ana rarraba su cikin rassa huɗu. Akwai karancin tabbaci game da dangantakar ciki a cikin waɗannan.  

Kalmomin kwatankwacin

Misali na asali na harsunan Kalenjin daga van Otterloo (1979), da Proto-Southern Nilotic daga Rottland (1982):

Harshe	ido	kunne	hanci	hakora	harshe	baki	jini	kasusuwa	itace	ruwa	cin abinci	sunan
Kudancin Nilotic	*Kwanƙwasawa, *Yana da	*iːt	*ser	*keːL-ɑt	*ŋɛLyɛp	*kʊːt		*kaːw	*kɛːt	*peR		*kɑːRɪn
Nandi	ko̱ːnda̱	iːtit	seruːt	ke̱ːlde̱t	ŋe̱lye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱t	korotiːk	kaːweːt	keːtit	beːk	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Kipsigis	ko̱ːnda̱	iːtit	seruːt	ke̱ːlde̱t	ŋe̱lye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱t	korotiːk	kaːweːt	keːtit	beːk	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Terik	ko̱ːŋda̱	iːtit	seruːt	ke̱ːnde̱t	ŋe̱nye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱t	korotiːk	kaːweːt	keːtit	beːk	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Keiyo	ko̱ːnda̱	iːtit	seruːt	ke̱ːlde̱t	ŋe̱lye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱t	korotiːk	kaːweːt	keːtit	beːk	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Kudancin Tugen	ko̱ːŋda̱	iːtit	seruː(t)	ke̱ːlde̱(t)	ŋe̱lye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱	korotiːk	kaːweː	keːt(it)	beːk	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Arewacin Tugen	ko̱ːŋ	iːt	ser̃	ke̱ːla̱t	ŋe̱lye̱p	ku̱ːt	koroti	kaːwe	keːt	beːy	keam	ka̱ːyne̱
Kony-Sabaot	ko̱ːŋda̱	iːtit	serwut	ke̱ːlde̱t	ŋe̱lye̱pta̱	ku̱ːti̱t	korotiːk	kaːweːt	keːtit	peːgo	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt
Cherang'any	ko̱ːnda̱/ko̱ːŋ	iːtit	seruːt	ke̱ːla̱t	ŋe̱lye̱p	ku̱ːt(i̱t)	korotiːk	kaːwe	keːt	beːy	keam	ka̱ːyne̱
Talai	ko̱ːŋ	iːt	ser̃	ke̱ːla̱t	ŋa̱lya̱p	ku̱ːt	koroti	kaːwa	keːt	pʰeːy	keam	ka̱ːyne̱
Endo	ko̱ːŋ	iːt	ser̃	ke̱ːla̱t	ŋa̱lya̱p	ku̱ːt	koroti/kisun	kaːwa	keːt	bu̱r̃	keam	ka̱r̃e̱n
Gabashin Pokot	koːŋ	yiːt	sa̱r̃	ke̱ːla̱t	ŋa̱lya̱p	ku̱ːt	kisʉn	kaːwaʔ	keːt	pʉːɣ	keam	ka̱ːyne̱ːt

Manazarta

• https://www.amazon.de/Kalenjin-Grammar-Beginners-Complete-Textbook-ebook/dp/B09VLL15M7
• Distefano, John Albert. 1985. Tarihin mulkin mallaka na Kalenjin na Kenya: kwatankwacin hanyar harshe da shaidar gargajiya ta baki. Dokta takarda, Jami'ar California a Los Angeles.
• Rottland, Franz (1982) Die Südnilotischen Sprachen: Beschreibung, Vergleichung und Rekonstruktion (Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik kundi na 7). Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. (Dubi taswirar 1 a shafi na 31, da kuma 'Sprachbeschreibung' na yarukan Kalenjin a shafi na 69-.)
• [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] 1979. Nazarin yaren Kalenjin. (Language Data Africa Series, 18.) Dallas: Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta bazara.

Haɗin waje

• Kalenjin-Ingilishi Dictionary
• Gidan yanar gizon Kalenjin
• Phonology na Endo - yaren Kalenjin