Arawak ( Arowak</link> , Aruák</link> ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Lokono ( Lokono Dian, a zahiri "maganar mutane" ta masu magana da shi), yaren Arawakan ne da mutanen Lokono (Arawak) na Kudancin Amurka ke magana a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, da Faransanci Guiana . [2] Shi ne babban yaren dangin harshen Arawakan.

Arawak
Lokono
Asali a French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Jamaica, Barbados
Yanki Guianas
Ƙabila Lokono (Arawak)
'Yan asalin magana
(Template:Sigfig cited 1990–2012)e25
Arawakan
Latin script
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-2 arw
ISO 639-3 arw
Glottolog araw1276[1]
Arawak is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Lokono harshe ne mai aiki-tsaye . [3]

Tarihi gyara sashe

Lokono harshe ne mai hatsarin gaske. Yaren Lokono an fi yin magana a Kudancin Amirka. Wasu takamaiman ƙasashe inda ake yin wannan yare sun haɗa da Guyana, Suriname, Guiana Faransanci, da Venezuela. Adadin masu iya magana da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun harshe an ƙiyasta kashi 5% na yawan ƙabilu. [4] Akwai ƙananan al'ummomi na ƙananan masu magana waɗanda ke da digiri daban-daban na fahimta da ƙwarewa a cikin Lokono waɗanda ke kiyaye harshen. [5] An kiyasta cewa akwai sauran masu magana kusan 2,500 (ciki har da masu iya magana da ƙwararru). Rushewar amfani da Lokono a matsayin harshen sadarwa ya faru ne saboda rashin isar da shi daga tsofaffin masu magana zuwa na gaba. Ba a ba da yaren ga yara ƙanana ba, kamar yadda ake koya musu yin magana da yarukan ƙasashensu. [6]

Rabewa gyara sashe

Harshen Lokono wani yanki ne na babban dangin harshen Arawakan da ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka ta Kudu da Amurka ta tsakiya ke magana tare da Caribbean. [7] Iyalin sun mamaye kasashe hudu na Amurka ta tsakiya - Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua - da takwas na Kudancin Amurka - Bolivia, Guyana, Guiana Faransa, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil (da kuma Argentina da Paraguay a baya). Tare da kusan harsuna 40, ita ce mafi girman dangin harshe a Latin Amurka.

Etymology gyara sashe

Arawak sunan kabila ne dangane da babban abincin amfanin gona, tushen rogo, wanda akafi sani da manioc. Tushen rogo sanannen abinci ne ga miliyoyin mutane a Kudancin Amurka, Asiya da Afirka. [8] Ita ce shrub mai bushewa da ake girma a yankuna masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi. Su ma masu magana da yawun Arawak sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Lokono</link> , wanda ke fassara a matsayin "mutane". Suna kiran yarensu Lokono Dian</link> , "maganar mutane".

Madadin sunayen harshe ɗaya sun haɗa da Arawák, Arahuaco, Aruak, Arowak, Arawac, Araguaco, Aruaqui, Arwuak, Arrowukas, Arahuacos, Locono, da Luccumi.

Rarraba yanki gyara sashe

Lokono yaren Arawakan ne da aka fi samun ana magana da shi a gabashin Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname da Faransanci Guiana. Har ila yau, a da ana magana da shi a tsibirin Caribbean kamar Barbados da sauran ƙasashe makwabta. Akwai kusan masu magana da harshen 2,500 a yau. Waɗannan yankuna ne inda aka sami Arawak da masu jin yaren yaren ya yi magana.

Fassarar sauti gyara sashe

Consonants gyara sashe

Manazarta gyara sashe

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lokono". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Pet 2011
  3. Aikhenvald, "Arawak", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, eds., The Amazonian Languages, 1999.
  4. Empty citation (help)
  5. Empty citation (help)
  6. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02
  7. Empty citation (help)
  8. Empty citation (help)