Hakkokin Mata a Bahrain

'Yancin mata Ya kasance ginshikin sauye-sauyen siyasa da Sarki Hamad ya fara, inda mata suka samu 'yancin kada kuri'a da tsayawa takara a zaben kasa a karon farko bayan da aka yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar kwaskwarima a shekara ta 2002. Tsawaita ‘yancin siyasa daidai gwargwado ya kasance tare da himma wajen inganta mata zuwa mukamai a cikin gwamnati.

Hakkokin Mata a Bahrain
women's rights by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Baharain

hoton yarinya a bahraini

hoton masu zanga zanga a baihraini

Shiga siyasa

Matakin baiwa mata damar kada kuri'a a shekara ta 2002 wani bangare ne na sauye-sauyen siyasa da dama wadanda aka kafa majalisar zartaswa ta dimokradiyya da kuma sakin fursunonin siyasa. Kafin shekara ta 2002, mata ba su da 'yancin siyasa kuma ba za su iya jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓe ko tsayawa takara ba.

Sai dai kuma, akwai wasu shakku game da tsawaita ‘yancin siyasa daga sassan al’ummar Bahrain, ba ma daga matansu ba, inda kashi 60% na matan Bahrain a shekarar 2001 suka nuna adawa da mika kuri’u ga mata.

Duk da cewa mata da yawa sun tsaya takara a zabukan kananan hukumomi da na 'yan majalisu a shekara ta 2002, babu ko ɗaya da aka zaba kan mukamin. Babu 'yan takara mata a cikin jerin jam'iyyun Islama kamar Al Wefaq, Al-Menbar Islamic Society da kuma Asalah.

Bayan rashin tabuka abin kirki da mata ‘yan takara suka yi a zaben ‘yan majalisa, an nada mata shida, ciki har da Kirista daya, a babban zauren majalisa, Majalisar Shura. A shekara ta 2004, Bahrain ta nada minista ta mace ta farko, Dr Nada Haffadh a matsayin ministar lafiya, sannan a shekara ta 2005, an naɗa Dr Fatima Albalooshi, mace ta biyu minista a majalisar ministocin kasar. A cikin shekarar 2005, Houda Ezra Nonoo, yar gwagwarmayar Yahudawa, wacce tun 2004 kuma ta jagoranci kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society wadda ta yi kamfen na nuna adawa da sake shigar da hukuncin kisa a Bahrain, kuma an nada ta a Majalisar Shura. A cikin watan Afrilun 2005, 'yar majalisar Shura Alees Samaan ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci zaman majalisa a kasashen Larabawa lokacin da ta jagoranci majalisar shura. Shugabar babbar kungiyar mata, Majalisar Koli ta Mata, Ms Lulwa Al Awadhi, an ba ta mukamin 'ministar girmamawa'.

A cikin watan Yunin shekarar 2006, an zabi Bahrain a matsayin shugabar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kuma ta nada Haya Rashid Al Khalifa a matsayin shugabar majalisar, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mace ta farko a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma mace ta uku a tarihi da ta karbi mukamin. Sheikha Haya babbar lauya ce a Bahrain kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da za ta karbi mukamin a daidai lokacin da duniya ke samun sauyi. Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kofi Annan ya ce game da ita, “Na hadu da ita jiya, kuma na same ta sosai. Dukkanin kasashe mambobin sun kuduri aniyar yin aiki da ita da kuma tallafa mata, kuma ina ganin za ta kawo wani sabon salo ga aikin a nan.” [1]

Masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata da dama sun zama ‘yan siyasa a Bahrain a nasu bangaren, ko ma sun samu karbuwa a duniya, kamar Ghada Jamsheer, wadda mujallar Forbes ta bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin “ mata goma mafi karfi da tasiri a kasashen Larabawa ” a watan Mayu shekarar 2006.

Ghada Jamsheer, fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata a Bahrain ta kira sauye-sauyen da gwamnati ke yi da "na wucin gadi da na gefe". A cikin wata sanarwa a watan Disambar shekarar 2006 ta ce:

The government is using the family law issue as a bargaining tool with opposition Islamic groups. This is evident through the fact that the authorities raise this issue when ever they want to distract attention from other controversial political issues. While no serious steps are taken to help approve this law, although the government and its puppet National Assembly had no trouble in the last four years when it came to approving restrictive laws related to basic freedoms. All of this is why no one in Bahrain believes in Government clichés and government institution like the High Council for Women. The government used women’s rights as a decorative tool on the international level. While the High Council for Women was used to hinder non-governmental women societies and to block the registration of the Women Union for many years. Even when the union was recently registered, it was restricted by the law on societies.

An yi la'akari da matakin na Bahrain a matsayin wanda ya karfafawa masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata a sauran yankunan Tekun Fasha kwarin guiwa da su kara kaimi wajen neman daidaito. A shekara ta 2005, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a bai wa matan Kuwait yancin siyasa daidai gwargwado ga maza.

Zaben 2006

'Yan takara 18 mata ne suka tsaya a babban zaben Bahrain na shekara ta 2006. Yawancin ’yan takarar mata sun fito ne a jam’iyyun Hagu ko kuma a matsayin masu cin gashin kansu, ba tare da wata jam’iyyar Islama da ta wakilci mace ba, duk da cewa jam’iyyar Salafiyya ta Asalah ce kadai ta fito fili ta nuna adawa da takarar mata a zaben ‘yan majalisar dokoki.''Yar takara daya kacal, Lateefa Al Gaood, ya yi nasara; a shari'arta ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba kafin jefa kuri'a bayan abokan hamayyarta biyu a mazabarta sun fice daga takarar.

Dokar matsayi na sirri

Babu wata doka ta haɗe-haɗe ta mutum a Bahrain da ta shafi al'amura kamar kisan aure da renon yara, ta yadda alkalan Shari'a su kasance da hankali a cikin irin waɗannan batutuwa. A watan Nuwambar shekarar 2005, Majalisar Koli ta Mata a cikin kawance da wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata, ta fara yakin neman sauyi shirya zanga-zanga, sanya fastoci a duk fadin tsibirin da kuma gudanar da jerin hirarrakin manema labarai.

Sai dai kuma babbar jam'iyyar 'yan Islama ta 'yan Shi'a, Al Wefaq ta yi tur da sauya dokar, lamarin da ya haifar da wata babbar zanga-zangar siyasa da masu rajin kare hakkin mata. Al Wefaq ta bayar da hujjar cewa ba zababbun 'yan majalisar wakilai ko gwamnati ba ne ke da ikon sauya dokar saboda wadannan cibiyoyi na iya 'bata kalmar Allah'. Maimakon haka, ’yancin canza doka alhakin shugabannin addini ne kawai.

A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwambar, shekarar 2005, magoya bayan Al Wefaq sun yi iƙirarin shirya zanga-zangar Bahrain mafi girma da aka taɓa yi tare da 120,000 don nuna adawa da ƙaddamar da Dokar Matsayin Mutum, da kuma kula da kowace ƙungiya ta addini tana da nasu dokokin saki da gado. A wannan rana, kawancen kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata sun gudanar da wani karamin gangami na neman kafa dokar da ta bai wa kasar damar yin hadin gwiwa, wadda ta samu magoya baya 500.

Batun gabatar da dokar matsayin bai daya, ya raba kungiyoyin fararen hula gida biyu, inda kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata da na kare hakkin bil'adama ke son gabatar da ita, wanda kungiyoyin Shi'a masu kishin Islama ke adawa da wahabbi Asalah :

Domin:

• Majalisar Koli ta Mata
• Bahrain Human Rights Society
• Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society
• Kungiyar Matan Bahrain
• Kokarin Mata
• Kungiyar Matan Matasan Bahrain
• National Democratic Action
• Al Sharaka (reshen Bahrain na Amnesty International )
• Cibiyar Haqqin Dan Adam ta Bahrain

Gaba:

• Al-Wefaq
• Asalah
• Islamic Action Party
• Kungiyar wayar da kan al'ummar Musulunci
• Al'ummar Fassara Jari

Duba kuma

• Kasance cikin 'Yanci
• Mata a Bahrain
• Munira Fakhro
• Sawsan Taqawi

Gabaɗaya:

• Hakkin dan Adam a Bahrain
• Mata a cikin al'ummar Larabawa
• Mata A Musulunci

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

• Jagora zuwa Bahrain, Cikakken jagorar ku zuwa Bahrain, Afrilu 2006
• Sabuwar Alfijir ga Matan Bahrain, Amnesty International, Maris 2002
• Dauke mayafin mata a siyasa, Gulf Daily News, 6 ga Agusta 2005
• A cikin Gulf, mata ba aminan mata ba ne, Daily Star, 20 Yuni 2005 Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
• Tsarin doka na sirri ya rapped, Gulf Daily News, 3 Nuwamba 2005
• Zanga-zangar adawa da sake fasalin dokar iyali, AKI, 5 ga Nuwamba 2005
• Abokan hamayyar doka don nuna ƙarfi, Gulf Daily News, 10 Nuwamba 2005
• Matar Bahrain ta shugabanci majalisar BBC, 19 ga Afrilu, 2005
• Mata sun yi kashedin game da yakin zaben 'datti', Gulf Daily News, 13 Oktoba 2005
• 'Malamai mafi girma ga 'yancin mata a Bahrain' Kuwait Times, 1 Afrilu 2006
• Mace ta farko a Bahrain da ta jagoranci Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Archived 2012-02-21 at the Wayback Machine Stuff (New Zealand) 6 Yuni 2006
• Al'umma sun yi tir da rashin goyon bayan mata Labaran Gulf 15 ga Yuni 2006
• Samun manyan mukamai sanannen lamari ne' Labaran Gulf 27 ga Yuni 2006
• Alkalin mace ta farko
• 'Ghada Jamsheer ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: shin canje-canjen sarauta ga mata ne kawai alama ce?'
• 'Ba wa mata dama su nuna bajinta' ta Sara Horton.