Giyar ogogoro
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Akpeteshie barasa ne da ake taron ta hanyar distilling giyar dabino ko sukari, musamman a yankin fina. Ruhin kasar Ghana ne. A Najeriya ana kiranta da Ògógóró (Ogog'), kalmar Yarbanci, nuna ana distilled a cikin gida daga ruwan itacen dabino na Raffia, inda aka fi sani da asalin.[1] A yau, akwai kuskuren ra'ayi cewa Ogogoro na iya zama ethanol mai tsabta, amma a al'ada, dole ne ya fito daga itacen dabino sannan a narke shi daga wannan tushe.
Ya shahara a duk faɗin Yammacin Afirka, kuma yana da sunaye da yawa ciki har da Apio, ogoglo, ogogoro (Ogog'), VC10, Kill Me Quick, Efie Nipa, Kele, Kumepreko, Anferewoase, Apiatiti, Home Boy, Nana Drobo, One Touch da sauransu.[2] An kuma san shi da ruwan sapele, kparaga, kai-kai, Sun gbalaja, egun inu igo ma'ana The Masquerade in the Bottle, push-me-push-you, and/ko Crim-kena, sonsé ("do you do it? " in Yoruba). A yaren Igbo ana kiransa da Akpuru achia. Sauran al'amuran Najeriya sun hada da: Udi Ogagan, Agbagba Urhobo, da kuma OHMS (Kayan Gidanmu), Ruwan Kankara, Tura Ni, Na Tura Ka da Craze man a cikin kwalbar. Ana kiran wata na Ghana da akpeteshie.
Tarihi da asalinsa
gyara sasheKafin zuwan Mulkin mallaka na Turai na abin da ke Ghana a yau, Anlo ya samar da ruhun gida wanda aka fi sani da "kpótomenui," ma'ana "wani abu da aka ɓoye a cikin shinge na kwakwa".
Tare da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya na abin da aka sani da Gold Coast, an haramta irin wannan shayarwa na gida a farkon shekarun 1930. Kamar yadda wata hira da S.S. Dotse yayi da S.S. Dotse a shekara ta 1996 game da rayuwarsa a karkashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya: “Abin da muka yi shi ne, shan ruwan da Bature ya kawo shi ne namu. ya zo muna amfani da akpeteshie a kawo wannan akpeteshie, amma ba a taɓa ambaton sunan shi ba
An ba da sunan "akpeteshie" ga abin sha tare da haramcinsa: kalmar ta fito daga yaren Ga (ape te shie, aikin ɓoye) wanda ake magana da shi a cikin babban birnin Accra kuma yana nufin suna ɓoye, yana nufin hanyar ɓoyewa wanda ba. An tilasta wa mazauna Turai cinye abin sha. Duk da haramcin, ruhohin haram sun kasance ruwan dare gama gari, tare da rahotannin cewa hatta ƴan makaranta sun sami damar samun akpeteshie cikin sauƙi a cikin shekarun 1930. Bukatar akpeteshie da ribar da ake samu daga siyar da ita ta isa ta karfafa yaduwar noman suga a yankin Anlo na Ghan.
An halasta distillation tare da ɓata mulkin mallaka da 'yancin kai na Ghana. An kafa masana'anta na farko a yankin Volta, tare da cin gajiyar samar da noman rake a yankin.
Shirye-shiryen
gyara sasheAna narkar da Ogogoro daga ruwan dabino na Raffia. Ana yanka a cikin kututture kuma a ajiye shi a waje don tattarawa, ana tattara shi bayan kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Bayan hakar, ana tafasa ruwan ruwan ya zama tururi, wanda daga baya ya taso kuma ana tattara shi don cinyewa. Ogogoro ba shine ethanol na roba ba amma ana buga shi daga tushen halitta sannan a distilled.
Yin giya
gyara sashe Ana shayar da Akpeteshie daga ruwan inabi na dabino ko ruwan sukari. Wannan ruwa mai zaki ko ruwan inabi ana fara fermented a cikin manyan ganga, wani lokacin tare da taimakon yisti. Bayan wannan mataki na farko na fermentation, ana gina wuta a ƙarƙashin ganga don kawo ruwa zuwa tafasa kuma ya wuce sakamakon tururi ta hanyar bututun jan ƙarfe a cikin ganga mai sanyaya, inda yake kwantar da hankali kuma ya zubo cikin kwalba. Ruwan da aka dafa sai a yi amfani da shi.[3] Ruhun da aka samu yana tsakanin 40 da 50% barasa ta hanyar girma.[4]
Hadashi da amfani
gyara sasheAkpeteshie ba sana'a ba ne ko kuma an rufe shi, amma a maimakon haka an zuba shi cikin kwalabe da ba a yi amfani da su ba. Ana iya siyan ruhun jumloli daga masu shayarwa ko ta gilashi a shaguna da mashaya. Ko da yake ba a tallata shi da fasaha ba, abin sha ya shahara sosai. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda farashinsa, wanda ya yi ƙasa da na sauran kayan shaye-shaye masu sana'a ko shigo da su daga waje. Dangantakarsa mai arha ya sa ya zama abin sha da ake dangantawa da matalauta, amma har waɗanda suke iya samun ingantacciyar inganci an ce suna cinye ruhun a ɓoye..[3]
Ƙarfin giya yana tasiri sosai ga ji na jiki, yana ba da jin kamar na bugun bugun. Ana iya ganin ƙwararrun masu shaye-shaye suna yarda da karɓa ta hanyar hura iska ko bugun ƙirji.[3]
Damuwa da kiwon lafiya
gyara sasheLikitocin likitoci sun kasance masu sukar yawan barasa na abin sha, musamman lalacewar da zai iya haifar da hanta da haɗarin maye.[4]
Muhimmancin zamantakewa
gyara sasheA matsayin abin sha da kayayyaki, bi da bi, ogogoro na da muhimmiyar al'adu da tattalin arziki a cikin Nijeriya. Yana da muhimmin bangare na yawancin bukukuwan addini da na zamantakewa; Limaman Burutu (Ijaw) sun zuba a kasa a matsayin hadaya don tuntubar gumakansu, yayin da iyayen matan Najeriya ke amfani da shi a matsayin abin sha, inda suke ba da albarkar bikin aure a hukumance..
Fuskokin tattalin arziƙin ogogoro sun yi fice a cikin tarihin Najeriya na baya-bayan nan. Iyalai da yawa daga cikin talakawan Najeriya ne ke hada wannan abin sha a gida a matsayin hanyar dogaro da kai, inda da yawa daga cikinsu ke sayar da abin sha a kan titunan birnin. An kuma yi imanin laifin da aka yi wa Ogogoro wanda ya faru a karkashin mulkin mallaka na tattalin arziki ne; yayin da hujjar jama'a game da doka game da lafiyar jama'a da imanin Kirista game da barasa, an yi iƙirarin cewa jami'an mulkin mallaka kuma suna neman murkushe ayyukan tattalin arziƙin cikin gida wanda zai iya jawo kuɗi ko aiki daga tsarin mulkin mallaka.[5]
Lamarin guba na methanol
gyara sasheMutane 66 a Jihar Rivers sun mutu a cikin 'yan makonni da suka fara a watan Afrilun 2015 saboda gurbataccen methanol ogogoro.
Bayanan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- ↑ Simon Heap (2008) '“Those that are Cooking the Gins”: The Business of Ogogoro in Nigeria’, Contemporary Drug Problems, 35(4): 573-610.
- ↑ "'Akpeteshie': the local gin which has served presidents, chiefs and commoners". Goldstreet Business (in Turanci). 2019-06-18. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 GBC News. "Expert Warns Against "Akpeteshie' Consumption". Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2013. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "gbcghana1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Luginaaha, Isaac; Crescentia Dakubob (2003). "Consumption and impacts of local brewed alcohol (akpeteshie) in the Upper West Region of Ghana: a public health tragedy". Social Science & Medicine. 57 (9): 1747–1760. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00014-5. PMID 12948582. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "luginaaha2003" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Olupayimo, Dolapo (June 2017). "The Illicit Production of Ogogoro in Coastal Yorubaland and the Niger Delta". Portuguese Studies Review. 2(No. 1 Fall 2017): 195–208 – via ResearchGate.