Ƙwaya
Ƙwaya shine duk wani sinadari da ke haifar da canji a cikin ilimin halittar jiki ko ilimin halin ɗan adam a lokacin sha.[1] Magunguna yawanci ana bambanta su da abinci da abubuwan da ke ba da tallafin abinci mai gina jiki. Yin amfani da kwayoyi na iya zama ta hanyar inhalation, allura, shan hayaki, ciki, sha ta hanyar faci a kan fata, suppository, ko rushewa a ƙarƙashin harshe.[2]
 ƙwaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
xenobiotic (en)  da chemical compound (en) |
| Yana haddasa |
drug allergy (en) |
| Hashtag (en) | drug |
| Has characteristic (en) |
dose–response relationship (en) |
A cikin ilimin harhada magunguna, magani wani abu ne na sinadari, yawanci na tsarin da aka sani, wanda, lokacin da aka gudanar da shi ga kwayoyin halitta, yana haifar da tasirin ilimin halitta. Maganin magani, wanda kuma ake kira magani ko magani, wani sinadari ne da ake amfani da shi don magance, warkewa, rigakafi, ko gano cuta ko don inganta jin dadi. A al'adance ana samun magungunan ne ta hanyar hakowa daga tsire-tsire masu magani, amma kwanan nan kuma ta hanyar hada kwayoyin halitta. Ana iya amfani da magungunan magani na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, ko akai-akai don rashin lafiya na yau da kullun.
Sau da yawa ana rarraba magungunan magunguna cikin nau'ikan magunguna-ƙungiyoyin magunguna masu alaƙa waɗanda ke da sifofin sinadarai iri ɗaya, tsarin aiki iri ɗaya (daure da manufa ɗaya ta halitta), yanayin aiki mai alaƙa, kuma ana amfani da su don magance cutar iri ɗaya. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC), tsarin rarraba magunguna da aka fi amfani da shi, yana ba wa kwayoyi lambar ATC ta musamman, wanda shine lambar haruffan da ke sanya shi zuwa takamaiman azuzuwan magani a cikin tsarin ATC. Wani babban tsarin rarrabuwa shine Tsarin Rarraba Biopharmaceutics. Wannan yana rarrabuwa magunguna gwargwadon iyawarsu da iyawarsu ko abubuwan sha.
Psychoactive kwayoyi abubuwa ne na sinadarai waɗanda ke shafar aikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, canza fahimta, yanayi ko sani. Wadannan kwayoyi sun kasu kashi daban-daban kamar: masu kara kuzari, masu rage damuwa, maganin damuwa, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, da hallucinogens. An tabbatar da waɗannan magungunan psychoactive suna da amfani wajen magance yanayin kiwon lafiya da yawa ciki har da rikice-rikice na tunani a duniya. Magungunan da aka fi amfani da su a duniya sun haɗa da maganin kafeyin, nicotine da barasa, waɗanda kuma ana ɗaukar magungunan nishaɗi, tunda ana amfani da su don jin daɗi maimakon dalilai na magani. Duk magungunan na iya samun illa masu illa. Yin amfani da magunguna da yawa na psychoactive na iya haifar da jaraba da/ko dogaro ta jiki. Yin amfani da abubuwan motsa jiki da yawa na iya inganta haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. Yawancin magungunan nishaɗi haramun ne kuma yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Yarjejeniya Guda kan Magungunan Narcotic sun wanzu don manufar haramcinsu.
Asalin kalmar
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A cikin harshen Ingilishi, ana tunanin sunan "magungunan" ya samo asali daga "drogue" a kalmar Faransanci, mai yiwuwa ya samo asali daga "droge (vate)" daga kalmar Dutch yana nufin "bushe (ganga)", yana nufin tsire-tsire masu magani da aka adana a matsayin busassun kwayoyin halitta a cikin ganga.[3]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "Drug". Dictionary.com Unabridged. v 1.1. Random House. 20 September 2007. Archived from the original on 14 September 2007 – via Dictionary.com.
- ↑ "Drug Definition". Stedman's Medical Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2014-05-01 – via Drugs.com.
- ↑ Tupper KW (2012). "Psychoactive substances and the English language: "Drugs," discourses, and public policy". Contemporary Drug Problems. 39 (3): 461–492. doi:10.1177/009145091203900306. S2CID 55498558.