Yaren Paiwan

 

Yaren Paiwan
Pinayuanan
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) Formosan (en) Yaren Paiwan
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	pwn
Glottolog	paiw1248

Paiwan yare ne na asali na Taiwan, wanda Paiwan, 'Yan asalin Taiwan suke magana. Paiwan yare ne na Formosan na dangin yaren Austronesian . ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƙasa na Taiwan.

Harsuna

A ganin bambance-bambance na Paiwan an raba su zuwa yankuna masu zuwa ta hanyar Ferrell.

• A1 - kudu da tsakiya
  • Kuɬaɬau (Kulalao) - an yi amfani da shi a cikin Ferrell's 1982 Paiwan Dictionary saboda yaduwar fahimta da adana bambance-bambance daban-daban; kuma ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Tjuabar, Gundumar Taitung, inda ake magana da Tjariḍik da "Tjuabar" (wanda ke da alaƙa da Tjavuaɬi).
  • Kapaiwanan (Su-Paiwan)
  • Tjuaqatsiɬay (Kachirai) - yaren kudancin
• A2 - tsakiya
  • Sashen Riki
  • Patɬjava (Ta-niao-wan)
• B1 - mafi arewa
  • Tjukuvuɬ (Tokubun)
  • Kaviangan (Kapiyan)
• B2 - arewa maso yamma
  • Tjaɬakavus (Chalaabus, Lai-yi)
  • Makazaya (Ma-chia)
• B3 - gabas da tsakiya
  • Tjariḍik (Charilik)
• B4 - gabas
  • Tjaɬvuai (Taimali)
  • Tjakuvukuvuɬ (Naibon, Chaoboobol)

This classification were thought to be corrected by Cheng 2016 as below:Samfuri:Full citation needed

Lura: Wani ƙauye da ba a san shi ba na Vuculj / Ravar an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin Vuculz a nan. *

Paridrayan group (Ravar) **Paridrayan /pariɖajan/ **Tjailjaking ** Tineljepan ** Cavak ** Tjukuvulj *Timur group ** Timur ** Tavatavang **Vuljulju ** Sagaran (Ravar-Vuculj mixture) *Makazayazaya branch **'ulaljuc ** Idra **Masilidj ** Makazayazaya **Paljulj **Kazangiljan ** Masisi **Kazazaljan ** 'apedang ** Kaviyangan ** Puljetji ** Tjuaqau *Eastern branch ** Paumeli ** Tjulitjulik ** Viljauljaulj **Kaljataran **Ka'aluan **Tjua'au ** Sapulju **Kingku **Djumulj ** Tjukuvulj *Tjagaraus branch **Payuan **Padain **Piuma *Raxekerek branch (west) ** Raxekerek ** Kinaximan ** Tjevecekadan *Raxekerek branch (east) ** Tjahiljik ** Tjacuqu ** Tjatjigelj **Tjaqup **Rahepaq **Kaljapitj **Qeceljing **Pacavalj **Kuvaxeng **Utjaqas **Ljupetj *Tjala'avus branch **Tjalja'avus **Calasiv **Tjana'asia **Pucunug **Vungalid **Pailjus

Fasahar sauti

Kuljaljau Paiwan yana 23-24 consonants (/h/ ana samunsa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro, kuma /ʔ/ ba a saba gani ba) da wasula 4. Ba kamar sauran Harsunan Formosan da suka haɗu da yawancin alamun Proto-Austronesian ba, Paiwan yana adana mafi yawan alamun Proto'Austronesien kuma saboda haka yana da mahimmanci don dalilai na sake ginawa.

Sautin Paiwan guda huɗu sune /i ə a u/ . An rubuta /ə/ a cikin wallafe-wallafen.

Kuljaljau (Kuɬaɬau) Sunayen Paiwan

		Labari	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Rashin ƙarfi	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n			ŋ
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t		c	k	q	ʔ
	murya	b	d	Abin da ya faru	ɟ	ɡ
Rashin lafiya			ts
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba		s					(h)
	murya	v	z
Trill			r
Kusanci		w	l		ʎ j

Tsakiyar Paiwan ta Tsakiya

		Labari	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Rashin ƙarfi	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n			ŋ kamata a yi amfani da shiYa shafiSanya
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t		Sunan hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	k	Ƙadq daYanayinSanya	Sunan ʔ aka yiYanayinSanya
	murya	b	d	Yanayin da ya faruAn tsara shiSanya	ɟ kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	ɡ
Rashin lafiya			ts ~ tʃ ShaanYanayinSanya
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba		s					(h)
	murya	v	z
Rhotic			r ~ ɣSanya
Kusanci		Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya		Sunan hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Sunayen SunayenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya

A Arewacin Paiwan an rasa consonants na palatal, kodayake wannan kwanan nan ne kuma wasu masu magana da ra'ayin mazan jiya suna kula da su a matsayin bambance-bambance na allophonic (ba a matsayin sauti daban-daban ba). /ʔ/ yana da ƙarfi, ba kamar sauran yarukan Paiwan ba inda matsayinsa ba shi da tabbas, saboda ya samo asali ne daga *q.

Harshen Paiwan na Arewa (Sandimen)

		Labari	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n			ŋ
Plosive	ba tare da murya ba	p	t			k	ʔ
	murya	b	d	Abin da ya faru		ɡ
Rashin lafiya			ts
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba		s				(h)
	murya	v	z
Mai ban sha'awa ~ Mai ban sha Fricative			r
Kusanci		w	l ~ ʎ	Sanya	j