Yaren Mien

harshen Iu Mien ( Iu Mien </link> , ium</link> ; Chinese: 勉語 or勉方言</link>; Thai </link> ) harshe ne da jama'ar Iu Mien ke magana a kasar Sin (inda ake la'akari da su a matsayin rukuni na al'ummar Yao ), Laos, Vietnam, Thailand da kuma, kwanan nan, Amurka a cikin kasashen waje. Kamar sauran harsunan Mien, tonal ne da monosyllab

Yaren Mien
'Yan asalin magana	820,000
Dangin harshen	Hmong–Mien (en) Mienic (en) Yaren Mien
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Chinese characters (en) da Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ium
Glottolog	iumi1238

Masana harsuna a kasar Sin sun dauki yaren da ake magana a Changdong, lardin Jinxiu Yao mai cin gashin kansa, na Guangxi a matsayin ma'auni. Wannan ma'auni kuma Iu Mien yana magana da shi a Yamma, duk da haka, saboda yawancin 'yan gudun hijira ne daga Laos, yarensu ya ƙunshi tasiri daga harsunan Lao da Thai.

Iu Mien yana da kamanceceniya 78% na lexical tare da Kim Mun (Lanten), 70% tare da Biao-Jiao Mien, da 61% tare da Dzao Min .

Rarraba yanki

A kasar Sin, ana magana da shi a cikin kananan hukumomi (Mao 2004: 302-303). Akwai masu magana 130,000 a lardin Hunan, da masu magana 400,000 a lardunan Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou da Jiangxi .

• Guangxi : Yangshuo , Lingui, Guanyang , Ziyuan , Xing'an , Longsheng, Gongcheng, Yongfu, Luzhai, Lipu, Mengshan , Pingle, Jinxiu , Yishan , Rong'an Napo, Lingyun, Tianlin, Cangwu, Hezhou, Fuchuan, Zhaoping, Fangcheng, Shangsi
• Guangdong : Yingde, Lechang, Shixing, Qujiang, Renhua, Wengyuan, Ruyuan, Liannan, Lianshan, Yangshan, Yangchun
• Yunnan : Hekou, Jinping, Honghe, Mengla, Malipo, Maguan, Gangan, Funing, Wenshan
• Guizhou : Rongjiang, Congjiang, Sandu, Danzhai, Leishan, Zhenfeng, Luodian
• Jiangxi : Quannan, Shanggao
• Hunan . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hakanan a cikin Garin Longzha (龙渣瑶族乡), gundumar Yanling

A Vietnam, mutanen Dao na Đại Bản, Tiểu Bản, Quần Chet, Ô Gang, Cóc Ngáng, da Cóc Mùn ƙananan ƙungiyoyi suna magana da yarukan Iu Mien.

Fassarar sauti

Consonants

Akwai wayoyi 31 da aka ambata a cikin Iu Mien. Siffar banbance-banbance na baƙaƙen Iu Mien shine kasancewar haƙora da na gefe marasa murya.

Wayoyin baki na Iu Mien (harshen da ba a sani ba)

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			plain	sibilant
Nasal	voiced	m	n		ɲ	ŋ
	voiceless	m̥	n̥		ɲ̥	ŋ̊
M / </br> Haɗin kai	plain	p	t	t͡s	t͡ɕ	k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	t͡sʰ	t͡ɕʰ	kʰ
	voiceless	b	d	d͡z	d͡ʑ	ɡ
Mai sassautawa		f		s			h
Glide					j	w
Na gefe	voiced		l
	voiceless		l̥

1. Daidaitaccen tsarin rubutun Iu Mien baya wakiltar sautunan tsayawa ta hanyar da ta dace da alamun IPA, amma a maimakon haka yana amfani da misali ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ d ⟩, da ⟨ nd ⟩ don wakiltar /tʰ/, /t/, and /d/</link> . Wannan na iya samo asali ne daga yunƙurin ƙirar tsarin rubutun Iu Mien akan Pinyin (wanda ake amfani da shi don wakiltar Sinanci na Mandarin ), inda ⟨ t ⟩ da ⟨ d ⟩ wakiltar /tʰ/ and /t/</link> . Hakanan ana ganin tasirin Pinyin a cikin amfani da ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ ⟩, da ⟨ ⟩ don wakiltar alveolar affricates /t͡sʰ/, /t͡s/, and /d͡z/</link> da ⟨ ⟩ ⟨ j ⟩, da ⟨ nj ⟩ ga postalveolar affricates /t͡ɕʰ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/</link> . Amfani da ⟨ ng ⟩ don wakilcin hancin maras /ŋ/</link> yana nufin cewa ba za a iya amfani da shi don wakiltar /ɡ/</link> , kamar yadda za a yi annabta; a maimakon haka, ⟨ nq ⟩ ana amfani da shi.
2. A cewar Aumann da Chengqian, a cikin wani yare na Sinanci, haɗin gwiwar postalveolar maimakon palatal tasha ne (/cʰ/, /c/, /ɟ/).
3. A cewar Daniel Bruhn, hancin mara murya a zahiri jeri ne [h̃m], [h̃n], [h̃ŋ], and [h̃ɲ]</link> (watau gajeriyar hanci /h/ sannan mai sautin hanci), yayin da gefen da ba shi da murya a haƙiƙanin gogayya ce mara murya [ɬ]</link> .
4. Bruhn ya kuma lura cewa ƙanana Iu Mien Amirkawa sun fi dacewa su maye gurbin hanci mara murya da ɓangarorin da ba su da murya tare da /h/ da alveolo-palatal affricates tare da daidaitattun bambance-bambancen palato-alveolar .