Yanayin zafi
Yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi shine farkon cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin sauyin yanayi guda biyar a cikin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen da aka gano tare da harafin A. Yanayin wurare masu zafi ana bayyana shi da matsakaicin zafin rana na 18 °C (64 °F) ko sama da haka a cikin mafi kyawun watan, yana nuna yanayin zafi mai tsananin zafi duk shekara. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana yawan yawa a cikin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, kuma yana nuna yanayin yanayi na yanayi amma yana iya samun bushewar yanayi zuwa nau'i daban-daban. Yawancin yanayi biyu ne kawai a cikin yanayin zafi, lokacin damina (damina/ damina) da kuma lokacin rani. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a cikin yanayin wurare masu zafi yawanci kadan ne. Hasken rana yana da ƙarfi a waɗannan yanayi.
Akwai nau'ikan yanayi guda uku na yanayi na wurare masu zafi a cikin rukunin yanayi na wurare masu zafi: yanayin daji na wurare masu zafi (Af), yanayin damina na wurare masu zafi (Am) da savanna na wurare masu zafi ko jika na wurare masu zafi da bushewar yanayi (Aw don bushewar hunturu, da kuma busassun lokacin rani), wanda an rarraba su kuma an bambanta su ta hanyar hazo da matakan hazo na wata mafi bushewa a cikin waɗannan yankuna.[1]
Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen
gyara sasheRabewar yanayi na Köppen yana ɗaya daga cikin tsarin rarraba yanayi da aka fi amfani dashi. Yana bayyana yanayi mai zafi a matsayin yanki inda matsakaicin zafin watan mafi sanyi ya fi ko daidai da 18 °C (64 °F) kuma bai dace da ma'auni na yanayin rukunin B ba, yana rarraba su azaman rukunin A. (Rukunin yanayi na wurare masu zafi). Ana samun yankuna na A-rukuni a cikin wurare masu zafi, a ƙasa da latitude 23.5 a duka kudanci da arewa; sun hada da yankunan da ke kusa da Equator, Amurka ta tsakiya, yankin Arewa ta tsakiya na Kudancin Amirka, tsakiyar Afirka, kudancin Asiya da sassan Arewacin Ostiraliya da tsibirin Pacific.[2]
A cikin rukunin A, akwai nau'ikan wannan yanayi guda uku: yanayin dajin na wurare masu zafi (Af), yanayin damina mai zafi (Am) da yanayin jika da bushewa ko yanayin savanna (Aw ko As). Dukkanin yanayin yanayi guda uku an rarraba su ta Pdry (gajeren hazo na watan bushewa). Yanayin daji na wurare masu zafi Pdry ya kamata ya fi ko daidai 60 mm (2.4 in). Yanayin damina mai zafi na Pdry yakamata ya kasance cikin kewayo daga ( 100 - 𝑚 𝑒 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎 𝑛 𝑛 𝑢 𝑎 𝑙 𝑝 𝑟 𝑒 𝑐 𝑖 𝑝 𝑖 𝑡 𝑎 𝑡 𝑖 𝑜 𝑛 𝑖 𝑛 𝑚 𝑚 25 ) zuwa 60 mm. Jika mai zafi da bushe ko savanna yanayin Pdry yakamata ya zama ƙasa da ( 100 - 𝑚 𝑒 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎 𝑛 𝑛 𝑢 𝑎 𝑙 𝑝 𝑟 𝑒 𝑐 𝑖 𝑝 𝑖 𝑡 𝑎 𝑡 𝑖 𝑜 𝑛 𝑖 𝑛 𝑚 𝑚 25 ) . .[3]
Yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi
gyara sashe
Sauyin yanayi na wurare masu zafi yawanci suna da yanayi biyu ne kawai, damina da kuma lokacin rani. Dangane da wurin da yankin yake, lokacin jika da rani na iya samun bambance-bambancen lokaci. Canje-canjen yanayin zafi na shekara a cikin wurare masu zafi kaɗan ne. Saboda yawan zafin jiki da yawan ruwan sama, yawancin shuke-shuken na girma a duk shekara. Babban zafin jiki da zafi shine yanayi mafi dacewa don girma epiphytes. A yawancin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, ciyayi suna girma a cikin yadudduka: shrubs a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi masu tsayi, bushes a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da ciyawa a ƙarƙashin bushes. Tsire-tsire na wurare masu zafi suna da albarkatu, ciki har da kofi, koko da dabino mai. An jera a ƙasa nau'ikan ciyayi na musamman ga kowane yanayi guda uku waɗanda suka haɗa da yanayin yanayi mai zafi.
Shuke-shuke na halitta
gyara sasheShuke-shuke na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ciki har da: Bengal bamboo, Bougainvillea, curare, itacen kwakwa, durian da ayaba.
Shuke-shuke na wurare masu zafi ciki har da: teak, deodar, rosewood, sandalwood da bamboo.
Tsire-tsire masu laushi da bushewa ko tsire-tsalle masu laushi ciki har da: Acacia senegal, giwa, Itacen jarrah, itacen gum eucalyptus da ƙaya mai busawa.Samfuri:Climate chartRarraba Köppen yana gano yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (Zone Af: f = "feucht", Jamusanci don danshi) kamar yadda yawanci ke da jeri na latitude arewa da kudu na digiri 5-10 kawai daga ma'aunin. Yanayin dazuzzukan dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi suna da yanayin zafi: matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara yana yawanci tsakanin 21 da 30 °C (70 da 86 °F). Hazo na iya kaiwa sama da inci 100 a shekara. Ana rarraba yanayi daidai gwargwado a duk shekara, kuma kusan babu lokacin fari a nan. Yankunan da ke ɗauke da yanayin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi sun haɗa da babban kogin Amazon na Kudancin Amirka, da Arewacin Zaire (Congo) na Afirka, da tsibiran Gabashin Indiya.
Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan yanayi na wurare masu zafi saboda yana da nau'ikan bishiyoyi iri-iri saboda hazo. Yawan bishiyu na taimakawa wajen dawo da yanayin yanayin zafi saboda shakuwa, wanda shine tsarin da ruwa ke fitar da shi daga saman tsirrai masu rai zuwa yanayi. Dumi-dumi da yawan hazo suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga bambance-bambance da halayen ciyayi a ƙarƙashin yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Tsire-tsire suna tasowa a tsaye da nau'ikan girma daban-daban don samun isasshen hasken rana, wanda ba a saba gani ba a ƙarƙashin wasu nau'ikan yanayi..[4]
Yanayin zafi na wurare masu zafi
gyara sasheSamfuri:Climate chartKayan aikin rarraba Köppen yana gano yanayin damina mai zafi a matsayin yana da ƙananan kewayon zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, yawan zafin jiki, da yawan hazo. Hakanan wannan yanayin yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin rani wanda kusan koyaushe yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu. Sauyin yanayi na damina ana samun sau da yawa a cikin ƙasashe a kudu da kudu maso gabashin Asiya tsakanin latitude na digiri 10 a arewa da Tropic of Cancer. Hakanan ana iya samunsa a Yammacin Afirka da Kudancin Amurka. Hakanan yanayin zafi na shekara-shekara na yankuna da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin damina shima ya tabbata.
Yanayin damina mai zafi yana da babban siffa mai zuwa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara yana kusa da 27.05 °C (80.69 °F) kuma yana da matsakaicin kewayon zafin shekara na kusan 3.6 °C (38.5 °F). Bambance-bambance tsakanin lokacin damina da lokacin fari, yanayin damina ya sha bamban da sauran yanayin zafi saboda rashin ruwan sama a duk shekara.
Akwai manyan yanayi guda uku na yanayin damina: lokacin rani mai sanyi yana daga faɗuwa zuwa ƙarshen hunturu, lokacin rani mai zafi yana cikin bazara kuma lokacin damina ko damina yana kusa ko lokacin bazara.[5]
Dajin damina na wurare masu zafi ya ƙunshi sassa uku. Layer na farko shine saman saman wanda yake shi ne maɗauri mai yawa na shrubs da ciyawa. Labe na biyu shi ne kasan bene mai tsayin bishiyoyi kusan mita 15. Babban Layer ana kiransa layin bishiyar alfarwa wanda ke da bishiyoyi daga tsayin mita 25 zuwa 40 kuma waɗannan bishiyoyin suna girma sosai yayin da a sama shi ne layin da ke fitowa tare da bishiyoyi masu tsayi sama da mita 35.[6]Samfuri:Climate chart
Savanna na wurare masu zafi ko yanayin rigar da bushe
gyara sasheSauyin yanayi na wurare masu zafi na savanna, ko yanayin jika da busassun yanayi, galibi suna tsakanin 10° da 25° arewa-kudu, kuma galibi suna faruwa ne a bayan fage na wurare masu zafi. Yankunan da aka saba sun haɗa da tsakiyar Afirka, sassan Kudancin Amurka, da kuma arewaci da gabashin Ostiraliya. Matsakaicin yanayin yanayin savanna yana tsakanin 20 zuwa 30 °C (68 da 86 °F). A lokacin rani, zafin jiki yana tsakanin 25 ° C da 30 °C, yayin da a lokacin hunturu zafin jiki yana tsakanin 20 °C da 30 °C, amma har yanzu yana tsayawa sama da ma'anar 18 °C. Hazo na shekara yana tsakanin 700 zuwa 1000 mm. Yawancin watanni masu bushewa galibi suna cikin hunturu kuma suna da ƙasa da milimita 60 na ruwan sama (sau da yawa ƙasa da ƙasa). [7]
Yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin yanayin savanna yawanci suna da filaye da aka lulluɓe da ciyayi mai faɗi da ciyayi masu faɗin daji. Wadannan ciyayi na ciyawa sun rufe kusan kashi 20% na saman duniya. Nau'in ciyayi na ciyayi sun haɗa da ciyawar Rhodes, jajayen ciyawar oats, ciyawa tauraro da lemongrass.[8]
Dubi kuma
gyara sashe- Yanayin zafi mai zafi
- Megathermal
- Yankunan da ke cikin zafi
Bayanan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- ↑ "tropics". National Geographic Society (in Turanci). 2011-01-21. Archived from the original on 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ↑ "World maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at. Archived from the original on Feb 8, 2024.
- ↑ Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (2006-07-10). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 15 (3): 259–263. Bibcode:2006MetZe..15..259K. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. ISSN 0941-2948. Archived from the original on Jan 24, 2024.
- ↑ "Tropical Rainforest | Biomes of the World" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2020-04-02.
- ↑ "Seasons of Tropical Monsoon Climate". Your Article Library (in Turanci). 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
- ↑ "Rainforest layers". www.rainforestjournal.com (in Turanci). 2015-01-23. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ↑ "The grassland biome". ucmp.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
- ↑ "KDE Santa Barbara". kids.nceas.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-03.