ALFATTAH37

Haramin (hubbaran) Imam Aliyurrida

Haramin imam RIDA ko Haram Radawi gurine da aka binne imam ALI BIN MUSA ARRIDA Imami na 8 ga yan shia isna Ashariyya. Gurin yana tsakiyar garin mashhad a state din khorasan dake ƙasar IRAN, gurine mai girma da daraja agun yan shia'a kuma abin girmamawa mutane da yawa suna ziyartar gun a tsawon shekara. Inda yafi tsufa da daɗewa acikin wannan harami yana komawane shekaru 610 na Hijira , dede da 1230 miladiyya. zamanin taimuriyawa wanda a daidai lokacin Ana canje canjen tsofaffin gine gine a garuruwan ƊUS, HARAT da NISABUR, dan haka sai aka gyara ginin haramin shima. Sai dai da yawan gine-ginen an cigaba dayin sune zamanin safawiyyawa a mulkin Sarki ɗahmasib safawi, wanda haryanzu suna nan da kyansu da ƙwarinsu. Azamanin safawiyya Anfaɗaɗa ginin gurin tsawon  12 mitrmurabba, a lissafin yanzu yakai kusan million ɗaya mitr murabba, wanda ya maida gun ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan wuraren ibada masu girma da faɗin a duniya baki daya.

Azamanin sarakuna mabanbanta da sukai mulki a qasar Iran kowannansu yayi qoqarin taka rawa wajan faɗaɗa girma da faɗi da daukaka matsayin gurin. Cikakken Tarihin wurin Anfara rubuta shi ne daga zamanin mutanen da ake kira samaniyawa, kafinsu babu wani tarihi me yawa wanda aka rubuta akan gun, sai dai ta hanyar samun wani rubutu da yayi shuhura wanda aka rubuta cewa: An bunne Imam Aliyu Ɗan Musa Arrida a kusa da kabarin sarkin abbasiyyawa haruna Rashid. Haramin ya ƙunshi kabarin imam Aliyurrida AS, masallatai, maƙabartu, wuraren karatu, wuraren ajiye kayan tarihi, ɗakunan taron addini. Ansanya kabarin Imam Ridha a tsakiyar haramin wanda ake kiran wurin da raudatul munawwara, wanda girman gurin zaibkai mita 10. a gefe da gefan kabarin akwai fili da ake kira ruwwaq, wanda mutane suke zama don yin ziyara, sai masallatai da ragowar wurare wanda kowannen su tarihinsa yake komawa zamanin sarakuna mabanbanta, wato kowana sarki inyazo akwai abinda yake ginawa gunda yafi kowanne Tsufa shine inda yafi ko'ina kusanci da kabarin, wanda wani masallacine da ake kira gauharshad ,kuma shi ne babban Masallacin garin na farko acikin haramin kuma wanda yafi kowanne tsufa.

Acikin filin raudatul munawwara Anan kabarin yake Wanda aka zagaye da shinge wanda akai da zinare da azurfa  kamar yadda muka faɗa abaya. Acikin gefunan haramin akwai makarantu, ɗakunan karatu, dakunan taron Addini wanda suma sun ƙarawa haramin girma da da fadi. Abyanzu haka akwai makarantu 4, ɗakunan taro 9, masallatai 6, da sauran wurare kaman gun ajiye kayan tarihi da maƙabartu, da manya-manyan Ɗakunan dafa abinci wanda ake bawa mabuƙata, sai babban Asibiti, ɗakunan saukar baƙi, dakunan ajiye littattafai da ginin niƙa masu yawa na gefan haramin duka waɗannan wuraren da a ka ambata suna ƙarƙashin Haramin, kuma shi ne ke ɗaukan nauyinsu. Hakanan Akwai shuwagabanni da ma'aikata kala-kala da suke aiki a kowane bangare na wurin.

TAKAITACCEN TARIHIN IMAM ALIYU BIN MUSA ARRIDA

An™haifeshi a ranar 11 ga watan zul-ƙida 148 bayan hijira daidai da ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 765 miladiyya, yayi shahada a shekara ta 203 ƙarshen watan safar, daidai da ranar 5 ga watan Satumba shekarata 818 miladiyya. Mahaifinsa Musa bin Ja'afar mahaifiyarsa Najma khatun, yana daga cikin jikokin Manzon Allah daga 'yarsa Sayyida Fatima (AS) Imam Rida shine Imami na 8 ga ƴan shia isna ashariyya, yayi imamancinsa bayan mahaifinsa imam Musa Alkazim, wanda shi ne imami na bakwai a jerin Imaman Ahlul baitu yana da ɗa mai suna Muhammad Taqi Aljawwad wanda shine imami na 9 wajan ƴan shi'a.

Boiham dao yana cewa: Abinciken da nayi gaba dayan littattafan tarihi suna nunine kan abu daya cewa Imam Ridha yakasance yana bayabaya da harkokin siyasa, kuma yafisan koyarda karatun addini ga mabiyansa. Bernard luis yana cewa : Ali Ɗan Musa ɓangare mai girma na rayuwarsa yayi shine da nesanta kansa da siyasa, sai dai kowa yasanshi da ilimin da taqawa da zuhudu.

Imam Ridha har zuwa shekara ta 179 hijira, ya kasance yana rayuwa da mahaifin sa Musa ɗan Ja'afar Assadiƙ a garin Madina , zuwa lokacin da Haarun Rashid ya kama mahaifinsa ya turashi iraƙi, sai komai na mahaifinsa ya dawo hannunsa kaman kasafta baitul mali kula da al'amuran mabiyansu ,biyan kowa haƙƙinsa akan lokaci, hakan kuma ya farune da sanin mahaifinsa da izinin sa. Imam Ridha a zamanin imamancinsa a zamanin Harun Rashid yana rayuwane a garin sarya kusa da madina. Bayan Amin ɗan Harun Rashid ya hau mulki  shekara biyar ɗin farko ta ƙare masane a yaƙi tsakanin sa da ɗan uwansa Ma'amun, Imam Ridha a wannan shekaru biyar ɗin ya samu dama wajan yin rayuwar kwanciyar hankali da kula da mabiyansu da ilmantar dasu dabasu kulawa cikin kwanciyar hankalinaji .

Bayan mutuwar Amin dan uwansa Ma'amun ya hau mulki sai dai ba a daɗe ba yafara fuskantar matsaloli kala kala.

Sai Maamun ya yanke wata shawara akan ya sanya Imam Rida (AS) matsayin yarimansa, ta wannan hanyar ne zai rage wannan matsalolin da suke kunno masa a mulkinsa, kuma hakanbne zai jawo hankalin gungu na yan shi'a mabiya Imam Ridha (AS) dasu goya masa baya tinda suna ganin yana tare da shugaban su.

Afaɗin malamin tarihin nan na shia sayyid murtaaa amili : maamun da magoya bayansa da masu bashi shawara saboda kwantarda tarzomar da alawiyyawa suka nuna ƙin goyan bayan su, basu kaɗai bama kusan mutane da yawa na khurasan da ragowar garuruwan Musulmai,shine suka yanke shawarar sanya ɗaya daga alawiyyawa yazama yarimansa, wan nan ba kowa bane se imam Rida AS Saboda girmansa da maƙaminsa agun mutane gaba ɗaya,hakanan saboda rashin shiga siyasa da yakeyi da baya baya da harkokin gidan sarauta da mulki ,danhaka shiyafi kowa dacewa .Akan hakane a shekara ta 200 bayan hijira maamun ya turawa imam takardar gayyata dayazo khorasan garin marwa, ya tuwa Raja bin abidahhak kawun fadl bin suhail da wani bawa me suna farnas ko yasir,dan sukasance da imam ahanyarsa ta zuwa marwa.babban  Malamin shian nan Sheikh saduƙ yana cewa:maamun ya turawa imam rida AS wasiƙu masu yawa yana nemansa dayazo marwa ya bashi yarima.sede shi imam be amsamasaba da farko saboda wasu dalilai, wannan yasa maamun ya tura mutane dansu tahodashi garin na marwa.Da littafin uyun Akhbarurrida Sheikh saduƙ ya nacewa: da zuwan imam rida garin marwa se maamun yabashi shawarar cewa shi zebar Mulkin da khalifancin gaba dayayabarmasa ,dayake imam rida ya karanceshi kuma yasan manufan abinda yasa ya gayyaceshi se be yaddaba, Ananne imam ridayake cemasa: in khalifanci nakane Allah ya baka bakada haqqin bawa wanishi dole kaizaka cigaba da riƙe abinka, inkuma dama ba naka bane na wanine to tun farko bakada haƙƙinn karɓarshi. Daganan ne se maamun ya janye maganarsa yace to yakarbi yarima, sede imam Rida yaƙi yadda da wannan ɗin ma.

Maamun yakai wata biyu yana neman Imam Rida yakarɓi Yarimancinsa amma yanaƙi, seda ƙyar da aika mutane kala kala daga ƙarshe baa san ransaba ya yadda.da sharaɗin baze dinga shiga komai na harkar mulkiba ,yazo a wasu daga littattafan shia kaman Uyun Akhbarurrida cewa : dalili ɗaya yasa imam Rida karbar yarimanci ba komaibane se tsoratarwar da maamun yadinga yimasa da ze kasheshi ko mabiyansa inbe karɓa ba. Mutane na farko da suka fara nuna rashin goyan bayansu sune yan majalisar maamun ɗin,wato wazirinsa da masu goya masa Baya, an rawaito daga Sheikh saduƙ yana cewa: dalilinwasu daga waɗan nan mutane na ƙin goyan bayan maamun hadda ƙiyayya da hassada da sukewa imam Rida AS. wannan babban hukuncin da khalifa maamun ya yanke ya tadamusu hankali sosai kuma yajanyo tashe tashen hankali da saɓanin ra'ayi, akwai wani gungu na Abbasiyyawa anan khorasan din wanda suka kasance aƙarƙashin jagorancin fadl bin suhl. Sede duk wan nan besa ya canza ra'ayinsa ba seda mutan bagdad suka nuna nasu Rashin yardar ,hakan yasamo asaline kan tinanin daula da mulkin Musulunci ze tashi daga hannun larabawa da abbasiyyawa zuwa hannun Alawiyyawa da iraniyawa. Dan haka sukaimasa tawaye da karya bai'arsu agareshi, kuma suka zaɓi kawunsa Ibrahim bin Mahdi amatsayin Khalifansu (A 28 ga zulhijja 201bayan hijra/17 January 817miladi).Labarin faruwan hakan yana zuwa khorasan imam Rida yasami Maamun Akan ya janye batun yarimancinda yabashi tinda shima ga yanda mutan bagdad suka yanke akansa, sede be karɓa ba kuma be aikataba sema cewa yayi zeje bagdad din ya kare haƙƙinsa da mulkinsa da aka karba. ranar 2 ga watan shaaban shekara ta 202 bayan hijira dede da shigewar wata 6 da barin suhai bin sahl waziranci, Awannan lokacin ne maamun da sauran yan fada da imam Rida sukai shirin tafiya, wasu Daga manya manyan shuwagaban nin sojojin maamun suka kashe Fadl bin sahl a garin surkhak Acikin banɗaki Ayanda ƙurashi yakawo alittafinsa cewa :bayan kwana biyu dayin hakanne imam Rida yayi gajeriyar rashin lafiya yayi wafati.Baihom dao alittafinsa yanacewa: dayawa daga littattafan da aka rubuta a wancen lokacin sun kawo cewa imam Rida yayi rashin lafiya ne bayan kwana biyu yayi wafati, sede kadan daga cikinsu sunce An kasheshine da sammu, harwasu sun rubuta maamun ne yasa aka bashi guba , daga ƙarni na 4 bayan hijira yawancin littattafan shia da sunna sun rubuta Cewa:imam Rida yayi shahadane ta hanyar bashi sammu da akai da umarnin maamun.

JANAIZA DA BUNNE IMAM ALIYU ARRIDA.

Abinda yazo a manyan littattafan tarihi shine ,imam rida yayi shahada a ƙarshen watan safar shekara ta 203 bayan hijira,sede wasu daga littattafan basu kawo tsayayyan watanda abin yafaruba amma sunce tsakanin muharram ko safar.imam yayi shahada a sandbad garinda aka bunne harun arrashid a ɗus ayayin tafiya da maamun ya hadamusu da yan fada .maamun yasanya wasu mutane daga Alawiyyawa da yan,uwan Imam Rida harda ammin sa Jaafar bin Muhammad, dasu duba gawarsa su tabbatar da mutuwar sa ,kuma ba sammu aka bashiba yamutune da rashin lafiya, sannan yabada umarnin Abunne imam a gidan hamid bin ƙahbaɗa ɗa'i a sandbad kusada babansa harunurrashir, Maamun yayita nuna baƙincikinsa a fili na rashin imam da Akai, wasu littattafan ma sunkawo ya fito yanata kuka ba rawani akansa, yakai kwana 3 yana zaman makoki da nuna baƙincikin sa ,sede dukda hakan dayawa daga littattafa sunce duk yayi hakanne saboda ɓadda kama dan shine yabada umarnin kashe imam.An binne imam a saman kabarin harunurrashir.

Sheikh saduƙ malamin shian nan yakawo a littafin sa cewa:  A yayi dawowar wasu daga mabiyan imam daga marwa dai dai sunzo garin sandbad inda maƙabartarda aka binne harunurrashir take,Aka kawowa Harsama bin A'ayun labarin wafatin imam Da bunneshi da maamun yasa akai a wajan kabarin babansa harunurrashir, sefara bincike kanya abin yafaru, nan yafahimci yaso binne imamne a gefan harunurrashir sede ƙasar gefan tayi ƙarfi kaman dutse taƙi tonuwa,se ƙasar saman kabarin ,hakanne yasa dole maamun yace abinne imam a saman kabarin. a wasu ruwayoyin da sukazo tabangaran Sheikh saduƙ A littafin uyun Akhbarurrida wanda harsama ɗin yakawo  yana cewa: bayan anbawa imam sammu ,ɗansa imam Muhammad jawad yazo,wanda yanacan ne a agarin madina  , amma segashi a kwana 2 ya iso khorasan, yayiwa mahaifinsa wanka yahaɗashi ,kafin maamun yataɓa imam ɗin. Maamun yayita ƙoƙarin ɓoye mutuwar na tsayin kwana ɗaya, sede rana ta biyun kowa yafahimci halinda ake ciki, nanfa mutane suka taru akan basu yarda da mutuwarba suna zarginsa hannun maamun aciki, Dan haka imam Ali dan imam Rida wanda ake kira da jawad ya bada umarnin kowa ya kwantarda hankalinsa banda tada tarzoma kuma kowa ya koma gidansa, San nan ya bada umarnin abinne imam da daddare saboda gudun fitina fitina.

ASALIN GININ HARAMI

Ansamo wani ƙauli daga ɗabari da yaƙit sunce : taƙi binesh A wani littafin sa yace ,asandbad akwai wani babban gida na Alfarma na hutawa .mutanan fada da sauran masu mulki ne suke zuwa yawan shaƙatawa gidan lokaci bayan lokci,sedai akwai junaid bin Abdurrahman da humaid bin Abi ganam ɗa'i suna rayuwa Agidan,a wasu littattafan tarihin yazo shi wan nan gidan gidane na dindindin da humaid bin ƙahbaɗa yake rayuwa aciki kuma nasaneTaƙi binesh yace yana yiwuwa Asalin ginin Anyishine a Zamanin junaid bin Abdurrahman wanda yyi mulkin khorasan A shekara ta 111 bayan hijira zuwa 116 bayan hijira ,wanda shi junaid yafi rayuwa a garin ɗus da naishabur, Amma daga bayane akaita gyara ginin dede da zamani . Ginin harami da maqabartar imam yakasance a tabayan wan nan gidan cikin wani lambu, duk da gidan gidan ya shahara da gidan humaid saboda kafin a binne harunurrashir da imam rida agun shine na ƙarshe dayayi rayuwa agidan, sede da yawa suna ganin ba nasa bane. Muhammad bin jarir Ɗabari ya rubuta : {wannan gidan da lambun sun kasance na humaid bin abi khatam ɗa'i,kuma anan aka binne harunurrashir} da alama dai sunane yazo daya da humaid bin ƙahbaɗa ,se wasu sukai tinanin nasane. Kafin Abinne imam rida a gurin da ake kira sandbad ,abaya Anakiran gun da ƙubbatu Harun.Ya shahara cewa maamun ne ya fara yin gini agun wato ƙabarin babansa harunurrashir, haryanzu akwai ragowar ginin baa rusheshi dukaba wajan gyare-gyaren da akaiwa haramin daga baya. Bayan binne imam Rida Agarin se yacanza suna zuwa mashhadurrida (mashhad) wan nan bangaran gaba daya(state) ɗin da abaya ake kira ɗus yanzu ya shafe andena fadin wan nan sunan yakoma mashhad. ibn harƙal da yaƙut hamuyi da hamdullah mustaufi ne suka sakawa garin wadan nan sunayen (mashhad, mashhadurrida,mashhad muƙaddas). Yazo alittafin talkhisul'asar cewa: garin sanabad garine na mabiya Ahlulbait wato yan shia kuma anan maamun ya binne babansa harunurrashir,bayan shahadar Ali bin musa Arrida maamun yasa abinneshi shima anan din kusada kabarin babansa, bayan wasu yan shekaru mabiya Alhulbait wato yan shia ,sune suka daɗa raya gurin suka ingantashi suka ginashi hartakaima Ayanzu inba mutum yayi karatu ba bazesan anan aka binne harunurrashir ba.

MUHIMMANCIN HARAM

Haramin imam rida ko haramin Radawi duk ana kiran gun da hakan, gurine me matuƙar mahimmanci agun ƴan shia da wasu daga ƴan sunnama , hakan yasamo asaline saboda bunne imam Aliyurrida jikan manzon Allah Agurin,dan Haka dubun nan mutane sukan ziyarci gun a tsayin shekara, samuwar gurin a gabashin qasar iran yakawo cigaba da jin daɗin ƴan shia da Alawiyyawa,kobakomai abbasiyyawa sunajin shakkar wanda aka bunne agun koyayane kuwa, hakan yasa saka ido da tsaurarawarsu agun yayi baya,Hakan yadaɗa janyo yaɗuwar Shianci da makarantun koyan addini A ɓangaren gaba ɗaya,duka hakan yafarane kafin shahadar imam rida, to haka bayan shahadar sama abunyacigaba a hannun Almajiransa, da magoya bayansa daya bari,sun maida haraminsa gun taruwarsu da yaɗa ilimin Addini ,ba iya ƴanshiaba harda ƴan sunnarma,hakanan mawaƙa suna waƙeshi yayin ziyarar gun,Akwai karamomi da yawa da suke faruwa agun wanda Sheikh saduƙ yakawo a littafinsa na uyun Akhbarurrida a babi na 69, wan nanma yana nuna girma da matsayin gurin tin a wancen lokacin, san nan yazo a littafin Al'ifada fi tarikh aimmatussadat na Naɗiƙ bil haƙƙ, cewa haramin ya samu karbuwa da cigaba sosai taban garan duk musulmai shia da sunnah, ɗaya daga manyan malaman sunnah da suke ziyarar gun sun haɗa da: Abubakar bin khozaima,Abu Ali Assaƙafi,ibn habban, muhd bin Ali bin suhail,Abul-husain bin abi bakrfaƙih,da hakim naisaburi. wan nan gun shine babban guri me girma da daraja wanda ake ziyarta a ƙasar iran baki ɗaya.