Tsarin ilmantarwa na Igbo
Tsarin ilmantarwa na Igbo, wanda aka fi sani da tsarin ilmantarwa da kasuwanci na Igbo kuma ana kiransa da ′Igba-Odibo/Igba-Boi/Imu-Ahia/Imu'Oru', tsari ne na yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya ta al'ada tsakanin jam'iyyun da ke sauƙaƙa al'ummomin kasuwanci masu tasowa a cikin Igbos. Misali ne na tattalin arziki wanda Igbos ke yi a ko'ina kuma ya samo asali ne a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. Manufofinta sun kasance kuma har yanzu suna ci gaba da bunkasa tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma rayuwa mai ɗorewa ta hanyar tallafawa da saka hannun jari a cikin albarkatun ɗan adam ta hanyar Horar da sana'a.[1]
 Tsarin ilmantarwa na Igbo |
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Gabatarwa
gyara sasheTsarin ilmantarwa na Igbo shine fadada ruhun kasuwancin su inda ake amfani da dabarun shigarwa don shigar da yawancin matasa Igbos cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci ta hanyar kafa 'yan kasuwa da ake kira Oga.[2] Wannan kamfani na iya zama kasuwanci, kamfani ko sana'a, : 37 a wasu lokuta suna aiki a matsayin taimakon cikin gida. [3][4] Ogas tsoffin masu koyo ne waɗanda suka yi aiki kuma an ba su albarkatu don fara kamfanonin su.[2][3]: 36, 37 Wannan tsarin ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma yana da shirye-shiryen horo marasa tsari don koyo da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don fara kamfanonin kansa. [1][5][2]
Tarihi
gyara sasheAna iya gano al'adun Igbo na kasuwanci zuwa kasuwancin bayi daga karni na 15. A shekara ta 1800 an sayar da Igbos 320,000 a Bonny, da 50,000 a Calabar da Elem Kalabari. Wannan tsari ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da cinikin bayi a cikin shekarun 1900. Ba kamar yawancin al'ummomin Afirka ba, bayi daga kabilun Igbo sun fallasa kasuwanci ta hanyar masu mallakar su da kayan ciniki kamar kayan yaji, sukari, taba, auduga don fitarwa zuwa Amurka, Turai da Asiya.[6] Wannan aikin ya kunna ruhun kasuwanci na mutanen Igbo kuma ya karfafa su da sauri su shiga cikin nau'o'in kasuwanci daban-daban a lokacin mulkin mallaka.[2][7] Zamanin mulkin mallaka ya sadu da Igbos a matsayin manyan masu fitar da Man dabino da ƙwayoyin cuta, masu sana'a, 'yan kasuwa, 'yan kasuwanci, masana'antun gida, da sauransu. Wannan al'adar kasuwanci ta ci gaba har zuwa zamanin yanzu ta hanyar tsarin ilmantarwa.[1][6]
Abubuwa
gyara sasheAna shawo kan ƙwarewa daban-daban a lokacin horar da koyo. Wadannan ƙwarewa sune ƙwarewar fasaha, gudanarwa da hulɗa. Wasu daga cikinsu sune Hasashen, Gudanar da Dangantakar ɗan adam, Kula da Inventory da Bincike, Sanarwa da Amfani da dama, Gudanarwa da Sadarwa, Kula da inganci, Rubuce-rubuce da Lissafi, [2] Sadarwar Magana, Harshe, Shirin da Tsarin Manufa, Kulawa, Sabuntawa, Tallace-tallace, Jagora, Sauraro, Al'adun Kungiya, Ginin, Tattaunawa, Kasuwanci, Kasuwancin Kasuwanci [7]::240 da Kungiyar Hakanan ana koya musu don mayar da hankali kan dawowa kan saka hannun jari don inganta fadada masana'antu, yayin da ba su da alaƙar iyali lokacin da ya shafi kasuwanci.[2][7]:235
Wadannan horo suna da shaida a samar da tallace-tallace da hanyoyin sabis da ke rufe dukkan masana'antu da bangarorin da Igbos ke da hannu a cikin sufuri, gini, masana'antu, dukiya, Kasuwanci (shigarwa da fitarwa), Cinikin Kasuwanci, kayan aikin ICT, Kwarewa, Fim, Motoci, da sauransu.[2]
Nau'o'in
gyara sasheTsarin yana da manyan nau'ikan 3 - Igba-boi wanda aka fi sani da Igba Odibo (ya zama ɗan koyo), Imu Oru wanda aka fi saninsa da Imu Oruaka (koyon sana'a) da Imu Ahia (koyon kasuwanci). Duk da yake duk nau'ikan suna da alaƙa da canja wurin ilimin ƙwarewar ɗan kasuwa, sun bambanta da tsarin. Ba kamar Igba-boi / Igba Odibo ba inda za a koya wa mai ba da kyauta na tsawon shekaru da aka amince da su, a cikin Imu Oru / Imu Oraka da Imu Ahia ana biyan su ne ta hanyar ba da shawara ko iyayen / masu tallafawa.[7]
Matakai
gyara sasheTsarin ilmantarwa na Igbo yanke shawara ce ta tattalin arziki mai ma'ana wacce ke amfani da ma'aikata masu arha don gina albarkatun ɗan adam, yayin da take samar da damar haɓaka masu aiki da kansu.[2] Tsarin yana da manyan matakai uku ko matakai: Talent (ko Ability) Bayyanawa, Scholarship (ko horo na Ilimi), da Graduation (ko Clearance).Talent (ko iyawa) (ko Bayyanawa) , Scholarship (ko horo na ilimi) , da Graduation (ko Clearance).
Bayyanawa
gyara sasheWannan ya fara ne daga iyali a kan gano yiwuwar ƙwarewar ɗan kasuwa na mai zuwa. Hakanan yana iya zama rashin iyawar iyali don tallafawa ƙarin ilimin wallafe-wallafen mentee, ko rashin amincewa da mentee wajen bin ka'idojin gida na asali da ka'idoji. Iyalin sun fara sadarwa da neman dan kasuwa don jagorantar yaransu. Lokacin da aka yi wasa, ana gudanar da bikin bayarwa na gargajiya kuma iyaye suna ba da shawara ga mai ba da shawara game da kyawawan halaye da tsammanin koyo. A lokacin bikin, an saita yarjejeniyar koyo kuma duk bangarorin sun amince da su don cire duk wani abu na rashin tabbas.[7]
Kyautar karatu
gyara sasheAna ba da izinin shiga kuma ana sa ran yin ayyukan gida a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin horo. Hanyoyin rayuwa na asali, bisa ga sha'awar mai ba da shawara an fara su a wannan matakin. Sa'an nan kuma ana kai mentee zuwa wurin kasuwanci don fara shigarwa cikin kasuwanci. Dukkanin matakai suna faruwa a cikin watanni uku na farko na isowar mai ba da izini kuma suna aiki a matsayin lokacin gwaji don bincika jituwa ga matsalolin tallafin karatu. Binciken jituwa yana tabbatar da "muradin koyo," "resilience" da "trustworthiness". Rashin wucewa aƙalla 2 daga cikin 3 na rajista yana haifar da dakatar da tallafin karatu kuma an tura mentee. Takamaiman shirye-shiryen da aka koya a wannan matakin sun haɗa da: gasa, harshe na kasuwanci da dabarun ciniki. Sauran su ne damar kasuwanci, gudanar da dangantakar abokin ciniki, tattaunawa, ƙwarewar kirkiro, da Hanyoyin ma'amala.
Kamar yadda fahimtar Igbo game da kasuwa da kasuwanci an saka shi a cikin ra'ayi na duniya, inda mutane ke "sanya" kansu a cikin ko daga kowane yanayi. Saboda haka, 'yan kasuwa suna ganin kowane hulɗa tare da abokin ciniki a matsayin damar yin ciniki don kyakkyawan sakamako. Akwai daidaitattun dama ga kowa da kowa don yin ciniki kuma duk abin da ke ƙarƙashin wannan tsarin ciniki. Wannan falsafar ta wuce ga mai koyo.[7]
Kammala karatu
gyara sasheKammalawa na dukan shirin ana nuna shi ta hanyar samun lokacin da aka riga aka amince da shi. Mai ba da shawara yana ba da babban birnin mentee don farawa dangane da ingancin mentee da sadaukarwa yayin karatun da kuma ikon kudi na mai ba da shawara. Ana yin wannan ne a gaban mutanen da ke karbar bakuncin karamin bikin don yin bikin.[7]
Wannan mataki ya tara dukkan tsarin ilmantarwa kuma ya fara tsarin kirkire-kirkire. Mahimmancin sulhu shine don fara masu iya kasuwanci a cikin tafiyar kasuwanci. Sun kafa kamfani tare da lada a ƙarƙashin kulawar mai ba da shawara. An ɗauka cewa dole ne su saba da hanyoyin da ake buƙata don fitar da sababbin abubuwa, ƙwarewar da ake buƙatu da haɗin kasuwa don kawance. 'Yan kasuwa suna amfani da hanyar don cimma burin shiga kasuwa, sannu a hankali su bincika kuma su bambanta sababbin abubuwan da suka kirkiro a cikin cikakkiyar kasuwa mai gasa. Wani lokaci, masu ba da shawara sun kafa wani ɗan kirkire-kirkire, irin tsawo ko hanyar fita don kamfaninsu don mai kula da su a ƙarƙashin kulawa yayin da suke aiki da wasu. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kasuwanci da fadadawa.Akwai fa'idar juna ga tsarin. Dangane da mentees, suna koyon ƙwarewa kuma suna amfana daga lada a ƙarshen kwangilar. A gefe guda, mai ba da shawara yana fadada kamfaninsa ta amfani da masu ba da shawara. Da'irar ta ci gaba da juyawa saboda gaskiyar cewa mentees suna karatun digiri zuwa masu ba da shawara kuma suna shawo kan mentees.
Juyin Halitta
gyara sasheYayin da yawancin Turawa suka sami damar shiga kudu maso gabashin Najeriya wanda Igbos ke zaune, an gabatar da sababbin nau'ikan sana'o'i da yawa sakamakon Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, kamar Painting, Mechanic, Gyaran keke, Driving, Printing, Sewing da sauransu. Wannan sabon fagen aiki ya haifar da rushewar membobin iyali a kan samar da albarkatu ga koyo, yayin da zabar aiki a waje da ƙwarewar kasuwancin iyali ya fara samun daraja. [ana buƙatar hujja]Wannan ya haifar da 'Imu-Oru Aka' (koyon sana'a ko ƙwarewa) bambancin Tsarin kuma da sauri ya biyo bayan 'Imu'Ahia' (koyarwa zuwa kasuwanci) don kasuwanci a kasuwar bayan sayarwa na sabbin fasahohin da aka gabatar a cikin al'ummominsu sakamakon juyin juya halin masana'antu kuma ya zama babban nau'in kasuwancin Igbo da tsarin koyo.[2]
Matsalolin
gyara sasheMatsalolin tsarin ilmantarwa sune
- Tsarin yana da ƙarancin shekaru da shingen shiga ilimi kuma ba shi da horo da takaddun shaida. [2] :117
- Rashin ƙwarewar koyarwa ta mafi yawan masters ko 'Ogas' yana hana ɗalibai kammala horon koyo [1] :237
- Rashin tabbacin samun damar fara tallafi bayan kammala horon koyan saboda yanayin tattalin arziki na gaba ɗaya [1] :237,238
- Rashin rubuta kwangila don ba da damar goyan bayan doka da tsari daga gwamnati[ana buƙatar hujja]</link> ko hukumomin sa.
- Gabaɗaya imani cewa koyan koyo na mutane ne daga gidaje matalauta kuma ba za su iya jure wa karatun boko ba.
Bayanan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Agozino, Biko; Anyanike, Ike (1 November 2007). "IMU AHIA: Traditional Igbo Business School and Global Commerce Culture". Dialectical Anthropology (in Turanci). 31 (1): 233–252. doi:10.1007/s10624-007-9023-8. ISSN 1573-0786. S2CID 144542696.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Ejo-Orusa, Henry; Mpi, Destiny Lloyd (2019). "REINVENTING THE 'NWABOI'APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM: A PLATFORM FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROMOTION IN NIGERIA". International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences. 8 (9). ISSN 2278-6236.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Alike, Mirian; Umunze, Ifeoma Orjiako (2019). "SOCIO-ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEMPORARY IGBO APPRENTICESHIP SYSTEM". Nnadiebube Journal of Philosophy. 3 (1).
- ↑ Akinleye, Segun (6 May 2019). "How the Igbos raise entrepreneurs through "Igba- Odibo" apprenticeship system". make it global (in Turanci). Retrieved 16 May 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Relevant Ideology: Masterkey To Igbo Development". Sahara Reporters (in Turanci). 12 April 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ohadike, Don C. (1998). "'When slaves left, owners wept': Entrepreneurs and emancipation among the igbo people". Slavery & Abolition. 19 (2): 189–207. doi:10.1080/01440399808575246 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Iwara, Ishmael Obaeko; Amaechi, Kingsley Ekene; Netshandama, Vhonani (1 March 2019). "The Igba-boi apprenticeship approach : arsenal behind growing success of Igbo entrepreneurs in Nigeria". Ubuntu: Journal of Conflict and Social Transformation (in Turanci). 8 (Special Issue 1): 227–250. doi:10.31920/2050-4950/2019/sin1a13. ISSN 2078-760X.