Toka

Toka sune dasasshen ragowar gobara . Musamman, ash yana nufin duk maras ruwa-ruwa, maras gaseous sharan cewa zama bayan da wani abu konewa . A hikimar tantance sunadarai, don nazarin ma'adinai da karfe abun ciki na sinadaran da samfurori, ash ne maras gaseous, maras ruwa saura bayan cikakken konewa.

Toka
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	by-product (en) , mixture (en) , residue (en) da material (en)
Kayan haɗi	oxide (en) da carbonate (en)
By-product of (en)	combustion (en)

Toka itace

Toka kamar yadda karshen samfurin na bai cika konewa su ne mafi yawa ma'adinai, amma yawanci har yanzu dauke da wani adadin combustible kwayoyin ko wasu oxidizable sharan. Mafi sanannun nau'in toka shine toka na itace, azaman kayan kone itace a cikin wuta, murhu, da dai sauransu. Da duhun itacen toka, mafi girman abin da ya rage na gawayi daga konewar da bai cika ba. Toka iri-iri ne. Wasu toka suna kunshe da mahadan kasa wadanda suke sa kasa ta yi ni'ima. Wasu da sinadaran mahadi da cewa zai iya zama mai guba amma na iya karya up a gona daga sunadarai canje-canje da kuma kananan kwayoyin aiki.

Kamar sabulu, toka shima wakili ne na kashe kwayoyin cuta (alkaline ). Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar toka ko yashi a matsayin madadin lokacin da ba a samu sabulu ba.

Faruwar yanayi

Toka na faruwa ne ta dabi'a daga kowace wuta da take kone ciyayi — wanda walkiya, aikin dutsen mai fitarwa, ko wasu matakai suka tsara. Daga baya toka na iya watsewa a cikin kasa don ya zama mai dausayi, ko kuma zai iya kasancewa a daddafe a karkashin kasa na dogon lokaci — har ma ya isa ya zama kwal .

Iri

• Tokar itace
• Samfuran kone kwal
  • Toka a kasa
  • Tashi toka, samfurin gawayi
  • Iska, toka daga kurar shara ta birane
• Sigari ko sigarin sigari
• Ashunkarar da konewa a kasa, wani nau'i na toka da aka samar a cikin kona wuta
• Toka da busassun guntun kasusuwan jiki, ko "konewa", hagu daga konewa
• Tokar Volcanic, toka wacce ta kunshi gilashi, dutsen, da sauran ma'adanai wadanda suke bayyana yayin fashewa, kasa mai baki wacce ta samu ne sakamakon dutsen da dutsen ya yi kuma ta hada da toka da sauran abubuwa masu karfin wuta.

Hotuna

• 
  Toka a cikin Roba
• 
  Toka a Daji, Ana dai samun Rika ne biyo bayan an ƙona wani abu

Duba kuma

• Cinereous, wanda ya kunshi toka, mai launin ash ko mai kama da toka
• Potash, kalma ce mai yawan amfani da gishiri mai amfani wanda aka samo asali daga tokar shuke-shuke, amma a yau galibi ana hako shi ne daga asusun kasa.
• kwal, wanda ya kunshi carbon as ash, da toka za a iya rikida su zama kwal
• carbon, asalin kayan toka