Rashin jini
Rashin jini (Turanci: anemia)[1] cuta ce ta jini , inda ake samun karancin jini don ɗaukar iskar oxygen a jiki. Wannan na iya zama saboda ƙarancin adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini fiye da na al'ada,ko raguwar adadin sinadarin haemoglobin da ake samu don jigilar iskar oxygen, ko rashin daidaituwa a cikin shi wannan haemoglobin wanda ke janyo lalacewar aikinsa.[2][3]
| Rashin jini | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
hematopoietic system disease (en) , cytopenia (en) , hemic system symptom (en) cuta |
| Specialty (en) |
hematology (en) |
| Genetic association (en) |
G6PD (en) |
| Medical treatment (en) | |
| Magani |
epoetin alfa (en) , oxymetholone (en) , sodium ascorbate (en) , nandrolone (en) , iron sucrose (en) , (RS)-lenalidomide (en) , ferric carboxymaltose (en) , Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (en) , sodium ferric gluconate complex (en) , eltrombopag (en) , deferasirox (en) , Ferumoxides (en) , oxymetholone (en) da nandrolone (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | D64.9 |
| ICD-9-CM | 285.9 da 285.8 |
| DiseasesDB | 663 |
| MedlinePlus | 000560 |
| eMedicine | 000560 |
| MeSH | D000740 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:2355 |
Lokacin da Rashin jini ya yi tsanani, bayyanar cututtuka na iya zuwa da rudani, jin kamar mutum zai shuɗe, rasa hayyacinsa, da karuwar ƙishirwa.[1] Rashin jini dole ne ya kasance mai mahimmanci kafin mutum ya zama farilla.[1] Ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa dangane da ainihin dalilin.[1] Rashin jini na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dogon lokaci kuma yana iya kamawa daga mai sauƙi zuwa mai tsanani.[4]
Ana iya haifar Da Rashin jini ta hanyar zubar jini, da raguwar samar da kwayar halittar jini, da kuma karuwar rugujewar kwayar jinin.[1] Abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar jini sun hada da zubar jini saboda kumburin ciki ko hanji, zubar jini daga tiyata, rauni mai tsanani, ko gudummawar jini.[1] Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwar samar da kayayyaki sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfe, rashi folate, rashin bitamin B12, thalassaemia da yawan ciwace-ciwacen ƙashi.[1] Abubuwan da ke haifar da raguwa sun haɗa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su sickle cell anemia, cututtuka irin su zazzabin cizon sauro, da wasu cututtuka na autoimmune kamar autoimmune hemolytic anemia.[1]
Hakanan ana iya rarraba Rashin jini bisa ga girman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da adadin haemoglobin a kowace tantanin halitta.[1] Idan ƙwayoyin suna ƙanana, ana kiransa anemia microcytic; idan suna da girma, ana kiransa macrocytic anaemia; kuma idan girmansu ya kasance na al'ada, ana kiransa normocytic anaemia.[1] Sakamakon cutar Rashin jini a cikin maza yana dogara ne akan yawan haemoglobin kasa da 130 zuwa 140 g / L (13 zuwa 14 g / dL); a cikin mata, yana da ƙasa da 120 zuwa 130 g/l (12 zuwa 13 g/dL).[1][5] Sannan ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaji don sanin dalilin.[1][6]
Jiyya ya dogara da takamaiman dalilin. Wasu gungun mutane, kamar mata masu juna biyu, na iya amfana da amfani da kwayoyin ƙarfe don rigakafi.[1][7] Kariyar abinci, ba tare da tantance takamaiman dalilin ba, ba a ba da shawarar ba.[1] Yawan amfani da ƙarin jini yana dogara ne akan alamomi da alamomin mutum.[1] A cikin waɗanda ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba, ba a ba da shawarar su ba sai dai idan yawan haemoglobin bai wuce 60 zuwa 80 g/L (6 zuwa 8 g/dL ba).[1][8] Hakanan waɗannan shawarwarin suna iya aiki ga wasu mutane masu tsananin zubar jini.[1] Ana ba da shawarar abubuwan motsa jiki na Erythropoiesis kawai a cikin waɗanda ke fama da Rashin jini mai tsanani.[9]
A cikin 2013, Rashin jini saboda ƙarancin sinadarin Iron wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 183,000 - ƙasa da mutuwar 213,000 a 1990[10]. Wannan yanayin ya fi yawa a cikin yara[11] tare da fiye da matsakaicin yaduwa a cikin tsofaffi[1] da mata masu shekarun haihuwa (musamman lokacin daukar ciki).[12]. Rashin jini yana daya daga cikin manufofin abinci na duniya guda shida na WHO don 2025 da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi abinci na duniya wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a cikin 2012 da 2013. Ƙoƙarin cimma burin duniya na taimakawa wajen cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDGs), [13] tare da anemia kamar yadda daya daga cikin maƙasudai a cikin SDG 2 don cimma rashin yunwar duniya.[14]
Alamomi da alamomi
gyara sasheMai fama da cutar anemia ba zai iya samun alamun cutar ba, ya danganta da abin da ke haifar da shi, kuma ba za a iya lura da shi ba, kasancewar anemia yana da sauƙi a farko, sannan alamun suna daɗa muni yayin da ciwon ya tsananta. Majiyyaci da ke fama da cutar anemia na iya bayar da rahoton jin gajiya, rauni, raguwar ikon tattarawa, da kuma ƙarancin numfashi a wasu lokuta.Wadannan alamomin ba su da takamaiman kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin alamomin kadai ko a hade da ke nuna kyakkyawar ƙima ga kasancewar anemia a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya.
Alamun anemia na iya zuwa da sauri ko a hankali. Da farko za a iya samun 'yan kaɗan ko babu alamun. Idan anemia ya ci gaba a hankali (na kullum), jiki zai iya daidaitawa kuma ya rama wannan canji. A wannan yanayin, babu alamun da za su bayyana har sai anemia ya yi tsanani. Alamun na iya haɗawa da jin gajiya, rauni, juwa, ciwon kai, rashin haƙuri ga motsa jiki, ƙarancin numfashi, wahalar maida hankali, rashin daidaituwa ko saurin bugun zuciya, sanyi hannaye da ƙafafu, rashin haƙuri mai sanyi, kodadde ko launin rawaya, rashin cin abinci, saurin kumbura da zubar jini. da raunin tsoka.
Anemia mai tasowa da sauri, sau da yawa, yana da alamun cututtuka masu tsanani, ciki har da, jin suma, ciwon kirji, gumi, yawan ƙishirwa, da rudani. Hakanan ana iya samun ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka dangane da ainihin dalilin.[1]
A cikin ƙarin anemia mai tsanani, jiki na iya ramawa don rashin isashshen iskar oxygen ta jini ta ƙara yawan fitowar zuciya. Mutum na iya samun alamomin da ke da alaƙa da wannan, kamar bugun bugun zuciya, angina (idan akwai cututtukan zuciya da suka rigaya ya wanzu), raunin ƙafafu na tsaka-tsaki, da alamun gazawar zuciya.
A kan jarrabawa, alamun da aka nuna na iya haɗawa da pallor (kodan fata, mucosa, conjunctiva da gadajen ƙusa), amma wannan ba alamar abin dogara ba ne.
Rashin ƙarancin ƙarfe na iya haifar da alamun da za su iya haɗawa da kusoshi masu siffar cokali, ciwon kafafu marasa hutawa, da pica (yanayin likita yana nuna sha'awar abubuwan da ba abinci ba, kamar kankara, datti, da dai sauransu).[15]. Ana iya lura da launin shuɗi na sclera a wasu lokuta na anemia na rashin ƙarfe.[16]Karancin bitamin B12 anemia na iya haifar da raguwar ikon tunani, asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ruɗewa, yanayin mutum ko canjin yanayi, damuwa, wahalar tafiya, duhun gani, da lalacewar jijiya mara jurewa.[17] Wasu takamaiman abubuwan da ke haifar da anemia na iya samun alamu da/ko rikitarwa kamar, jaundice tare da saurin rushewar ƙwayoyin jajayen jini kamar ciwon anemia na hemolytic, rashin daidaituwar kashi tare da manyan thalassaemia, ko ciwon ƙafa kamar yadda ake gani a cutar sikila.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da anemia ana iya rarraba su azaman haɓakar ƙwayar jan jini (RBC), haɓakar RBC lalacewa (anemia na jini), asarar jini da hawan ruwa (hypervolemia). Yawancin waɗannan na iya yin hulɗa don haifar da anemia. Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da anemia shine asarar jini, amma wannan yawanci ba ya haifar da wata alama mai ɗorewa sai dai in an sami ƙarancin ƙarancin RBC samar da shi, wanda aka fi sani da ƙarancin sinadarin Iron.[4]
Rashin samarwa
Rikicin yaduwa da bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta
Aplasia mai tsaftar kwayar halitta[18]
Aplastic anemia yana shafar kowane nau'in ƙwayoyin jini. Fanconi anemia cuta ce ta gado ko lahani da ke nuna anemia na aplastic da wasu nakasassu iri-iri.[18]
Anemia na gazawar koda,saboda rashin isasshen samar da hormone erythropoietin[18]
Anemia na cututtukan endocrine[19]
Rushewar haɓakawa da maturation na erythroblasts[18]
Mummunan anemia [18] wani nau'i ne na anemia na megaloblastic saboda rashi na bitamin B12 wanda ya dogara da ƙarancin sha na bitamin B12. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki B12 yana haifar da anemia mara lahani na megaloblastic.
Anemia na karancin folate, kamar yadda yake tare da bitamin B12, yana haifar da anemia megaloblastic.[18]
Anemia na rashin haihuwa, ta hanyar raguwar amsawar erythropoietin ga raguwar matakan hematocrit, hade da asarar jini daga gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje, gabaɗaya yana faruwa a jarirai waɗanda ba su kai ba a sati biyu zuwa shida.
Rashin ƙarfe-rashin anemia, yana haifar da ƙarancin haɗin heme[18].
Thalassemias, yana haifar da ƙarancin haɗin globin [18]
Anemia dyserythropoietic na haihuwa, yana haifar da erythropoiesis mara tasiri
Anemia na gazawar koda (kuma yana haifar da tabarbarewa)[18]
Sauran hanyoyin samar da RBC masu rauni
Myelophthisic anemia ko myelophthosis wani nau'in anemia ne mai tsanani sakamakon maye gurbin bargon kashi da wasu kayan, irin su ciwace-ciwacen daji, fibrosis, ko granulomas.[18]
Myelodysplastic ciwo[18]
anemia na kullum kumburi[18]
Leukoerythroblastic anemia yana faruwa ne ta hanyar raunuka masu mamaye sararin samaniya a cikin kasusuwa wanda ke hana samar da kwayoyin jini na yau da kullun.[20]
Ƙara lalacewa
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 Blench, Roger. 2014. Ce Medical terminology and diseases. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ↑ "Anemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology". November 9, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ↑ "Anemia | NHLBI, NIH". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Anemia - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
- ↑ Smith RE (March 2010). "The clinical and economic burden of anemia". The American Journal of Managed Care. 16 Suppl Issues: S59–66. PMID 20297873.
- ↑ Rhodes CE, Denault D, Varacallo M (2024). "Physiology, Oxygen Transport". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30855920.
- ↑ Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, Webb P, Lartey A, Black RE (August 2013). "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?". Lancet. 382 (9890): 452–477. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4. PMID 23746776. S2CID 11748341.
- ↑ Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Fitterman N, Starkey M, Shekelle P (December 2013). "Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 159 (11): 770–779. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00009. PMID 24297193. S2CID 4712203.
- ↑ Qaseem A, Humphrey LL, Fitterman N, Starkey M, Shekelle P (December 2013). "Treatment of anemia in patients with heart disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians". Annals of Internal Medicine. 159 (11): 770–779. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00009. PMID 24297193. S2CID 4712203.
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
- ↑ "WHO Global Anaemia estimates, 2021 Edition". World Health Organization. Retrieved February 27, 2022.
- ↑ Vos T, et al. (December 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–2196. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607.
- ↑ "WHO | Interventions by global target". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on August 14, 2016.
- ↑ "The case for action on anemia". Devex. June 14, 2016.
- ↑ "Mental Health and Pica". WebMD. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
- ↑ Weksler B (2017). Wintrobe's Atlas of Clinical Hematology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. PT105. ISBN 9781451154542.
- ↑ Hector M, Burton JR (December 1988). "What are the psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency?". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 36 (12): 1105–1112. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04397.x. ISSN 0002-8614. PMID 3057051.
- ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 Table 12-1 in: Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1
- ↑ Gregg XT, Prchal JT (2007). "Anemia of Endocrine Disorders". Williams Hermatology. McGraw-Hill.
- ↑ "the definition of leukoerythroblastosis". www.dictionary.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2018.