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Rashin gashi

Rashin gashi, wanda kuma aka sani da alopecia ko baƙar fata, yana nufin asarar gashi daga wani ɓangare na kai ko jiki. [1] Yawanci aƙalla kai yana da hannu. [2] Tsananin asarar gashi na iya bambanta daga ƙaramin yanki zuwa ga duka jiki. [3] Kumburi ko tabo ba yawanci ba ne. [2] Rashin gashi a wasu mutane yana haifar da damuwa na tunani

Rashin gashi
Rashin gashina tsakiyar Kai
Specialty Dermatology Edit this on Wikidata
Rashin gashi

An yi imanin cewa asarar gashi na namiji ya kasance saboda haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da kuma hormone dihydrotestosterone na namiji . [2] Har yanzu ba a san dalilin asarar gashi ba. [2]

Ƙananan abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar gashi ba tare da kumburi ko tabo ba sun haɗa da cire gashi, wasu magunguna ciki har da chemotherapy, HIV / AIDs, hypothyroidism, da rashin abinci mai gina jiki ciki har da rashin ƙarfe . [4] [2] Abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar gashi da ke faruwa tare da tabo ko kumburi sun hada da cututtukan fungal, lupus erythematosus, maganin radiation, da sarcoidosis . [4] [2] Bincike na asarar gashi ya dogara ne akan wuraren da abin ya shafa. [2]

Maganin asarar gashi na iya haɗawa da yarda da yanayin kawai, wanda kuma zai iya haɗawa da aske kai . [2] Abubuwan da za a iya gwadawa sun haɗa da magungunan minoxidil (ko finasteride ) da tiyatar dashen gashi . [5] [6] Ana iya yin maganin alopecia areata ta allurar steroid a yankin da abin ya shafa, amma waɗannan suna buƙatar maimaita akai-akai don yin tasiri. [2] Asarar gashi matsala ce ta gama gari. [2] Asarar gashi da shekaru 50 yana shafar kusan rabin maza da kwata na mata. [2] Kimanin kashi 2% na mutane suna tasowa alopecia areata a wani lokaci na lokaci. [2]  

Kalmomi

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Bashi ita ce rashin girman gashi ko kuma gaba daya, kuma wani bangare ne na babban maudu’in “cirewar gashi”. Matsayin digiri da tsarin gashin gashi ya bambanta, amma dalilin da ya fi dacewa shine asarar gashi na androgenic, alopecia androgenetica, ko alopecia seborrheica, tare da kalmar karshe da aka yi amfani da ita a Turai.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Hypotrichosis

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Hypotrichosis yanayi ne na tsarin gashi mara kyau, galibi asara ko raguwa. Yana faruwa, mafi akai-akai, ta haɓakar gashin vellus a cikin sassan jiki waɗanda yawanci ke samar da gashi mai ƙarewa . Yawanci, girman gashin mutum na al'ada ne bayan haihuwa, amma jim kaɗan bayan haka sai a zubar da gashin kuma a maye gurbin shi da ƙarancin girma, rashin ci gaban gashi. Sabon gashin yawanci yana da kyau, gajere kuma maras kyau, kuma yana iya rasa launi. Bashi na iya kasancewa a lokacin da batun ya kai shekaru 25.

Alamomi

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Batun tsakiyar gaba: Andre Agassi

Alamomin asarar gashi sun haɗa da asarar gashi a cikin faci yawanci a cikin yanayin madauwari, dandruff, raunukan fata, da tabo. Alopecia areata (matsakaicin matsakaici-mataki) yawanci yana nunawa a wuraren asarar gashi da ba a saba gani ba, misali, gira, bayan kai ko sama da kunnuwa, wuraren da gashin gashin namiji ba ya tasiri. A cikin asarar gashi na namiji, asara da raguwa suna farawa daga haikalin kuma kambi da gashi ko dai sun fita ko kuma su fadi. Asarar gashi na mace-mace yana faruwa a gaban gaba da parietal .

Mutane suna da gashi tsakanin 100,000 zuwa 150,000 a kawunansu. Adadin igiyoyin da aka saba asara a rana ɗaya sun bambanta amma a matsakaita 100 ne. Don kula da ƙarar al'ada, dole ne a maye gurbin gashi a daidai wannan adadin wanda ya ɓace. Alamomin farko na gashin gashi da mutane za su lura su ne mafi yawan gashin gashi fiye da yadda aka saba bari a cikin buroshin gashi bayan gogewa ko a cikin kwandon bayan wankewa. Salo kuma na iya bayyana wuraren da ake yin bakin ciki, kamar faffadan rabuwa ko kambi mai bakin ciki.[ana buƙatar hujja]

 
A duk tsawon rayuwarsa na siyasa, Urho Kekkonen, shugaban kasar Finland, ya shahara da gashin kansa. An san shi na ƙarshe cewa yana da gashi a kusan 1920s. [7] Wannan hoton na Kekkonen ne a cikin 1959.

Yanayin fata

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Fuska mai rauni sosai, baya da gaɓoɓi na iya nuna kurajen cystic. Mafi girman nau'i na yanayin, cystic acne, ya fito ne daga rashin daidaituwa na hormonal wanda ke haifar da asarar gashi kuma yana hade da samar da dihydrotestosterone . [8]

Ilimin halayyar dan Adam

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Ilimin ilimin halin dan Adam na gashin gashi abu ne mai rikitarwa. Ana la'akari da gashi a matsayin muhimmin bangare na ainihi na gaba ɗaya: musamman ga mata, wanda sau da yawa yana wakiltar mata da sha'awa. Maza yawanci suna danganta cikakken gashin kai da samari da kuzari. Mutanen da ke fama da ƙuƙuwar gashi sukan sami kansu a cikin wani yanayi inda kamannin jikinsu ya yi hannun riga da nasu siffar kuma yawanci suna damuwa da cewa sun girme su ko kuma ba su da sha'awar wasu. Matsalolin da suka shafi tunanin mutum saboda gashi, idan akwai, yawanci sun fi tsanani a farkon bayyanar cututtuka. [9]

An ba da rahoton asarar gashi da cutar sankara ta haifar da cutar sankara don haifar da canje-canje a tunanin kai da siffar jiki . Hoton jiki baya komawa zuwa baya bayan girma gashi ga yawancin marasa lafiya. A irin waɗannan lokuta, marasa lafiya suna da matsala wajen bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ( alexithymia ) kuma suna iya zama mafi sauƙi don guje wa rikice-rikice na iyali. Maganin iyali zai iya taimaka wa iyalai su jimre wa waɗannan matsalolin tunani idan sun taso. [10]

Dalilai

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Ko da yake ba a fahimta sosai ba.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link> iya samun dalilai da yawa:

Asarar gashi

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  An yi imanin cewa asarar gashi na namiji ya kasance saboda haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta da kuma hormone dihydrotestosterone na namiji . [2] Har yanzu ba a san dalilin asarar gashi ba. [2]

Kamuwa da cuta

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  • Dissecting cellulitis na fatar kan mutum
  • Cututtukan fungal (kamar tinea capitis )
  • Folliculitis daga dalilai daban-daban
    • Demodex folliculitis, lalacewa ta hanyar Demodex folliculorum, mite microscopic wanda ke ciyar da sebum da aka samar da glandon sebaceous, ya ƙaryata game da gashin gashi mai mahimmanci kuma zai iya haifar da raguwa. Demodex folliculorum ba ya nan a kan kowane fatar kan mutum kuma yana iya zama a cikin yanayin da ya wuce kima.
  • Sifilis na sakandare [11]

Magunguna

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  • Ana iya haifar da asarar gashi na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin ta hanyar magunguna da yawa, gami da na matsalolin hawan jini, ciwon sukari, cututtukan zuciya da cholesterol . [12] Duk wani abin da ya shafi ma'auni na hormone na jiki zai iya samun tasiri mai mahimmanci: waɗannan sun haɗa da kwayar hana haihuwa, maganin maye gurbin hormone, steroids da magungunan kuraje . [13]
  • Wasu jiyya da ake amfani da su don warkar da cututtukan mycotic na iya haifar da asarar gashi mai yawa. [14]
  • Magunguna (lalata daga kwayoyi, ciki har da chemotherapy, anabolic steroids, da kwayoyin hana haihuwa [15] [12] )

Tashin hankali

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  • An fi samun alopecia a cikin mutanen da ke da wutsiyoyi ko masara waɗanda ke jan gashin kansu da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwaƙƙwaran gogewa da salo mai zafi, tausa mai taurin kai zai iya lalata cuticle, da wuyar gashin gashi. Wannan yana haifar da ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai don yin rauni kuma su karye, yana rage girman gashin gaba ɗaya.
  • Ƙunƙarar alopecia ita ce asarar gashi ta hanyar shafa gashi ko ɓangarorin, wanda aka fi sani da kewaye da ƙafafu na maza daga safa, inda ko safa ba a sawa ba, sau da yawa gashin ba zai sake girma ba.
  • Trichotillomania ita ce asarar gashi ta hanyar jan hankali da lanƙwasa gashin. Farkon wannan cuta yana farawa ne a kusa da farkon balaga kuma yawanci yana ci gaba har zuwa girma. Saboda ci gaba da cire tushen gashi, asarar gashi na dindindin na iya faruwa.
  • Cutar cututtuka irin su haihuwa, babban tiyata, guba, da matsananciyar damuwa na iya haifar da yanayin asarar gashi da aka sani da suna telogen effluvium, [16] wanda yawancin gashin gashi ya shiga lokacin hutawa a lokaci guda, yana haifar da zubar da jini na gaba. Har ila yau, yanayin yana nunawa a matsayin sakamako mai illa na chemotherapy - yayin da aka yi niyya don rarraba kwayoyin cutar kansa, wannan magani kuma yana shafar lokacin girma gashi tare da sakamakon cewa kusan kashi 90% na gashin gashi sun fadi jim kadan bayan an fara chemotherapy. [17]
  • Radiation zuwa fatar kai, kamar yadda idan aka shafa radiotherapy a kai don maganin wasu cututtukan daji a can, na iya haifar da gashin gashi na wuraren da ba su da iska.

Ciki

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Rage gashi yakan biyo bayan haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa ba tare da haifar da gashi ba. A lokacin daukar ciki, gashi yana da kauri saboda karuwar estrogens masu yawo . Kusan watanni uku bayan haihuwa (yawanci tsakanin watanni 2 zuwa 5), matakan isrogen ya ragu kuma asarar gashi yana faruwa, sau da yawa musamman a kusa da layin gashi da yankin haikali . Gashi yakan yi girma kamar yadda aka saba kuma ba a ba da magani ba. [18] [19] Irin wannan yanayin yana faruwa a cikin matan da ke shan maganin clomiphene mai ƙarfafa haihuwa.

Wasu dalilai

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  • Cututtukan autoimmune . Alopecia areata cuta ce ta jiki wacce aka fi sani da "tabo bacin rai" wanda zai iya haifar da asarar gashi daga wuri guda ( Alopecia areata monolocularis ) zuwa kowane gashi a jikin gaba daya ( Alopecia areata universalis ). Ko da yake ana tunanin cewa gyambon gashi ne ke haifar da su, ba a san abin da ke jawo alopecia areata ba. A mafi yawan lokuta yanayin yana gyara kansa, amma kuma yana iya yadawa zuwa ga fatar kan mutum baki daya ( alopecia totalis ) ko kuma ga dukkan jiki ( alopecia universalis ).
  • Cututtukan fata da ciwon daji . Har ila yau, asarar gashi na gida ko yadawa na iya faruwa a cikin cicatricial alopecia ( lupus erythematosus, lichen plano pilaris, folliculitis decalvans, tsakiyar centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia, da dai sauransu). Ciwon daji da fitowar fata kuma suna haifar da bacin rai (sebaceous nevus, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).
  • Hypothyroidism (wanda ba shi da aiki thyroid ) da kuma illa na magungunan da ke da alaka da shi na iya haifar da asarar gashi, yawanci a gaba, wanda ke da alaƙa da raguwa na waje na uku na gira (wanda aka gani tare da syphilis). Hyperthyroidism (mafi yawan aikin thyroid) na iya haifar da asarar gashi, wanda shine parietal maimakon na gaba.
  • Sebaceous cysts . Rashin gashi na ɗan lokaci zai iya faruwa a wuraren da ƙwayoyin sebaceous cysts ke nan na tsawon lokaci (yawanci ɗaya zuwa makonni da yawa).
  • Alopecia na al'ada na al'ada - Yana da triangular, ko oval a wasu lokuta, siffar gashin gashi a cikin haikalin haikalin fatar kan mutum wanda ke faruwa mafi yawa a cikin yara ƙanana. Yankin da abin ya shafa ya ƙunshi ɓawon gashi na vellus ko kuma babu gashin gaba ɗaya, amma baya faɗaɗawa. Ba a san musabbabin sa ba, kuma duk da cewa yanayi ne na dindindin, amma ba ya da wani tasiri ga mutanen da abin ya shafa. [20]
  • Yanayin girma gashi . Sannu a hankali na gashi tare da shekaru yanayi ne na halitta wanda aka sani da alopecia involutional . Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin gashi suna canzawa daga girma, ko anagen, lokaci zuwa lokacin hutu, ko lokacin telogen, ta yadda sauran gashin ya zama guntu kuma kaɗan a adadi. Wurin da ba shi da kyau ga gashin kai zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage gashin gashi ta hanyar ba da gudummawa ga raguwa ko haifar da lalacewa.[ana buƙatar hujja]
  • Kiba . Damuwar da ke haifar da kiba, kamar wanda abinci mai kitse (HFD) ke jawowa, yana yin hari ga ƙwayoyin sel masu ɓoye gashi (HFSCs) don haɓaka gashin gashi a cikin mice. Mai yiwuwa irin wannan tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana taka rawa wajen asarar gashi. [21]

Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar gashi sun haɗa da:

  • Alopecia mucinosa
  • Rancin Biotinidase
  • Kumburi na yau da kullun
  • Ciwon sukari [22]
  • Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Brocq
  • Telogen effluvium
  • Tufted folliculitis

Genetics

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Siffofin kwayoyin halittar hypotrichosis na gida na autosomal recessive sun haɗa da:

Nau'in OMIM Gene Locus
LAH1 Farashin DSG4 18q12
LAH2 LIPH 3q27
LAH3 P2RY5 13q14.12-q14.2

Pathophysiology

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Girman gashin gashi yana faruwa a cikin hawan keke. Kowace zagayowar ta ƙunshi lokaci mai tsawo ( anagen ), ɗan gajeren lokaci na tsaka-tsaki ( catagen ) da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin hutawa ( telogen ). A ƙarshen lokacin hutu, gashi ya faɗi (exogen) kuma sabon gashi ya fara girma a cikin follicle, fara sake zagayowar.

Yawanci, kusan 40 (0-78 a cikin maza) gashi suna kaiwa ƙarshen lokacin hutunsu kowace rana kuma suna faɗuwa. Lokacin da gashi sama da 100 suka faɗi a rana, asarar gashi na asibiti ( telogen effluvium ) na iya faruwa.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Bincike

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Saboda ba yawanci ana danganta su da ƙarar asara ba, asarar gashi na maza da mata ba gabaɗaya na buƙatar gwaji. Idan asarar gashi ta faru a cikin saurayi wanda ba shi da tarihin iyali, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi zai iya zama sanadin.

  • Gwajin ja yana taimakawa wajen kimanta asarar gashin kai mai yaduwa. Ana yin tausasawa mai laushi akan rukunin gashin kai (kimanin 40-60) akan sassa daban-daban guda uku na gashin kai. Ana ƙidaya adadin gashin da aka cire kuma an bincika a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. A al'ada, ƙasa da gashin gashi guda uku ya kamata su fito tare da kowane ja. Idan sama da gashi goma aka samu, ana ɗaukar gwajin ja da kyau. [23]
  • Ana gudanar da gwajin tarawa ta hanyar cire gashi "ta tushen". Ana bincika tushen gashin da aka tsinke a cikin na'urar hangen nesa don sanin lokacin girma, kuma ana amfani da shi don gano lahani na telogen, anagen, ko cututtukan tsarin. Gashin Telogen suna da ƙananan kwararan fitila ba tare da sheath a tushensu ba. Telogen effluvium yana nuna karuwar yawan gashin gashi yayin bincike. Gashin anagen suna da kumfa a manne da tushen su. Anagen effluvium yana nuna raguwar gashin gashi na telogen-lokaci da kuma karuwar adadin karyewar gashi.[ana buƙatar hujja]
  • Ana amfani da biopsy na fatar kan mutum lokacin da ba a tabbatar da ganewar asali ba; biopsy yana ba da damar bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan tabo da marasa tabo. Ana ɗaukar samfuran gashi daga wuraren kumburi, yawanci a kusa da iyakar facin bald.[ana buƙatar hujja]
  • Ana yin ƙidayar gashin yau da kullun lokacin da gwajin ja baya da kyau. Ana yin ta ne ta hanyar kirga yawan gashin da aka rasa. Ya kamata a ƙidaya gashin da aka fara tsefe safiya ko lokacin wankewa. Ana tattara gashin a cikin jakar filastik mai haske na tsawon kwanaki 14. Ana yin rikodi na madauri. Idan adadin gashin ya kai sama da 100 a rana, ana ganin ba al'ada ba ne sai dai bayan wanke-wanke, inda adadin gashin zai kai 250 kuma ya zama al'ada.[ana buƙatar hujja]
  • Trichoscopy hanya ce mai ban tsoro don bincika gashi da fatar kan mutum. Ana iya yin gwajin tare da yin amfani da dermoscope na hannu ko dermoscope na bidiyo. Yana ba da izinin ganewar asali na asarar gashi a mafi yawan lokuta. [24]

Akwai nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen ganewa iri biyu don gashin gashin mace: Sikelin Ludwig da Scale Savin. Dukansu biyu suna bin ci gaban ɓarkewar bakin ciki, wanda yawanci yana farawa akan kambin kai a bayan layin gashi, kuma yana ƙara bayyana a hankali. Don gashin gashin kan namiji, sikelin Hamilton–Norwood yana bin diddigin ci gaban layin gashi mai ja da baya da/ko kambi mai kauri, zuwa zoben gashi mai siffar doki a kusa da kai har zuwa ga gashin baki baki daya.[ana buƙatar hujja]

A kusan dukkanin lokuta na bakin ciki, kuma musamman a lokuta na asarar gashi mai tsanani, ana bada shawara don neman shawara daga likita ko likitan fata . Yawancin nau'ikan bakin ciki suna da asali na asali ko kuma abin da ke da alaƙa da lafiya, wanda ƙwararren ƙwararren zai iya tantancewa.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Gudanarwa

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Boye asarar gashi

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Janar Douglas MacArthur tare da tsefe sama

Shugaban

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Hanya ɗaya na ɓoye asarar gashi ita ce tsefe sama, wanda ya haɗa da gyara sauran gashin da ya rage don rufe wurin da ake yin baling. Yawancin lokaci bayani ne na wucin gadi, mai amfani kawai yayin da yankin asarar gashi ya kasance ƙananan. Yayin da asarar gashi ya karu, tsefe sama ya zama ƙasa da tasiri.

Wata hanyar kuma ita ce sanya hula ko kayan kwalliya irin su wig ko toupee . Gilashin gashin gashi ne na wucin gadi ko na halitta wanda aka yi don kama da salon gashi. A mafi yawan lokuta gashi na wucin gadi ne. Wigs sun bambanta sosai cikin inganci da farashi. A cikin Amurka, mafi kyawun wigs – wadanda suke kama da gashin gaske – kudin da ya kai dubunnan daloli. Ƙungiyoyi suna kuma tattara gudunmawar daidaikun mutane na gashin kansu don yin gashin gashi ga matasa masu fama da ciwon daji waɗanda suka rasa gashin kansu saboda chemotherapy ko wasu maganin ciwon daji baya ga kowane nau'i na asarar gashi.

Gishiri

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Ko da yake ba a saba da shi ba kamar asarar gashi a kai, ilimin chemotherapy, rashin daidaituwa na hormone, nau'in asarar gashi, da sauran abubuwa kuma na iya haifar da asarar gashi a cikin gira. Rashin girma a cikin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na gira sau da yawa ana danganta shi da hypothyroidism . Ana samun gira na wucin gadi don maye gurbin gira da ya ɓace ko don rufe gira mai ɗanɗano. Gyaran gira wani zaɓi ne wanda ya haɗa da amfani da ruwa don ƙara launi zuwa gira. Wannan yana ba da kyan gani na 3D na halitta ga waɗanda suka damu da kamannin wucin gadi kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru biyu. Micropigmentation (tattoo na dindindin na kayan shafa) kuma yana samuwa ga waɗanda suke son kamannin su kasance na dindindin.

Magunguna

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Tallace-tallacen Portuguese don samfurin asarar gashi daga 1940s

Jiyya don nau'ikan asarar gashi daban-daban suna da iyakacin nasara. Magunguna guda uku suna da shaida don tallafawa amfani da su a cikin asarar gashi na namiji: minoxidil, finasteride, da dutasteride . [25] [26] Suna yawanci aiki mafi kyau don hana ƙarin asarar gashi, fiye da sake girma gashin da ya ɓace. [25] A ranar 13 ga Yuni, 2022, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da Olumiant (baricitinib) ga manya masu fama da alopecia areatal. Ita ce magani na farko da FDA ta amince da shi don maganin tsarin, ko magani ga kowane yanki na jiki. [27]

  • Minoxidil (Rogaine) magani ne wanda ba a rubuta shi ba wanda aka amince da shi don gashin gashi da alopecia areata. A cikin ruwa ko kumfa, ana shafawa a fatar kai sau biyu a rana. Wasu mutane suna da rashin lafiyar propylene glycol a cikin maganin minoxidil kuma an samar da kumfa minoxidil ba tare da propylene glycol ba. Ba duk masu amfani ba ne za su sake girma gashi. Hakanan ana iya ɗaukar Minoxidil da baki ko da yake FDA ba ta amince da wannan hanyar gudanarwa ba. [28] Yayin da gashi ya daina girma, ƙarancin minoxidil zai sake girma gashi. Minoxidil baya tasiri ga sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da asarar gashi. Gyaran gashi zai iya ɗaukar watanni 1 zuwa 6 don farawa. Dole ne a ci gaba da magani har abada. Idan an daina maganin, asarar gashi ta sake dawowa. Duk wani gashi da ya sake girma da duk wani gashin da zai iya rasawa, yayin da aka yi amfani da Minoxidil, za a rasa. Yawancin illolin da ke faruwa akai-akai sune haushi mai laushi, rashin lafiyar lamba dermatitis, da gashi maras so a wasu sassan jiki. [26]
  • Ana amfani da Finasteride (Propecia) a cikin asarar gashi na namiji a cikin nau'in kwaya, ana ɗaukar milligram 1 kowace rana. Ba a nuna wa mata ba kuma ba a ba da shawarar ga mata masu juna biyu (kamar yadda aka sani yana haifar da lahani a cikin tayin). Jiyya yana da tasiri farawa a cikin makonni 6 na jiyya. Finasteride yana haifar da haɓakar riƙe gashi, nauyin gashi, da wasu karuwa a sake girma. Illolin da ke tattare da kusan kashi 2% na maza sun haɗa da raguwar sha'awar jima'i, tabarbarewar mazakuta, da rashin aikin inzali. Ya kamata a ci gaba da jiyya muddin sakamako mai kyau ya faru. Da zarar an daina jinya, asarar gashi ta dawo. [26]
  • Ana iya amfani da allurar corticosteroids a cikin fatar kan mutum don magance alopecia areata. Ana maimaita irin wannan nau'in magani a kowane wata. Ana iya amfani da magungunan baka don asarar gashi mai yawa don alopecia areata. Sakamako na iya ɗaukar har zuwa wata guda kafin a gani.[ana buƙatar hujja]
  • An nuna magungunan rigakafi da aka shafa a fatar kan mutum suna juyar da alopecia areata na wani dan lokaci, kodayake illar wasu magungunan na sa irin wannan maganin ya zama abin tambaya. [29]
  • Akwai wasu shaidun da ke nuna cewa anthralin na iya zama da amfani don magance alopecia areata. [30]
  • Ana iya amfani da masu daidaitawa na hormonal ( maganin hana haihuwa na baka ko antiandrogens kamar spironolactone da flutamide ) don asarar gashi na mace-mace hade da hyperandrogenemia .[ana buƙatar hujja]

Tiyata

gyara sashe

Yawancin dashen gashi ana yin su ne a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci na gida . Likitan fiɗa zai motsa lafiyayyen gashi daga baya da gefen kai zuwa wuraren da ba su da ƙarfi. Hanyar na iya ɗaukar tsakanin sa'o'i huɗu zuwa takwas, kuma ana iya yin ƙarin zama don yin gashi har ma da kauri. Gashin da aka dasa yana faɗuwa a cikin 'yan makonni, amma ya sake girma har abada cikin watanni. [31]

  • Zaɓuɓɓukan tiyata, kamar dashen follicle, ɓangarorin fatar kai, da rage asarar gashi, suna samuwa. Wadannan hanyoyin gabaɗaya waɗanda ke da hankali kan asarar gashin kansu ne ke zaɓar su, amma suna da tsada da raɗaɗi, tare da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da tabo. Da zarar an yi tiyata, ana buƙatar watanni shida zuwa takwas kafin a iya tantance ingancin sabon gashi.
    • Rage ƙoƙon kai shine tsari na raguwar yanki na fata a kai. Da shigewar lokaci, fatar kan ta zama mai sassauƙa kuma ta miƙe ta yadda za a iya cire wasu daga ciki ta hanyar tiyata. Bayan an cire gashin kai wanda ba shi da gashi, an rufe sararin samaniya da gashin kai. Ana yin raguwar ƙwanƙwasa gabaɗaya tare da dashen gashi don samar da salon gashi mai kama da halitta, musamman waɗanda ke da asarar gashi mai yawa.
    • Ana iya amfani da ragewar gashi a wasu lokuta don rage babban layin gashi na biyu zuwa asarar gashi, kodayake ana iya samun tabo a bayyane bayan kara asarar gashi.
  • Wigs madadin magani ne da magani na tiyata; wasu marasa lafiya suna sanya wig ko gashin gashi. Ana iya amfani da su na dindindin ko na ɗan lokaci don rufe asarar gashi. Ana samun wigs masu inganci, masu kama da dabi'a da kayan gashi.

Chemotherapy

gyara sashe

Za a iya amfani da iyakoki na hypothermia don hana asarar gashi yayin wasu nau'ikan chemotherapy, musamman, lokacin da ake gudanar da haraji ko anthracyclines . [32] Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi ba lokacin da ciwon daji ya kasance a cikin fatar fatar kan mutum ko don lymphoma ko cutar sankarar bargo. [33] Gabaɗaya akwai ƙananan illolin daga sanyin kai da ake bayarwa a lokacin chemotherapy. [34]

Rungumar gashi

gyara sashe

  Maimakon ƙoƙarin ɓoye gashin kansu, wasu mutane suna rungume shi ta ko dai ba su yi komai ba ko kuma suna wasa da gashin da aka aske . [35] Jama'a sun zama mafi karbuwa ga maza masu aski a farkon shekarun 1950, lokacin da dan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha-Amurke Yul Brynner ya fara wasa da kallon; Lamarin da ya haifar ya zaburar da da yawa daga cikin masoyansa mazan su aske kawunansu. Shahararrun mashahuran maza sun ci gaba da kawo farin jini ga masu aske kawunansu, ciki har da 'yan wasa irin su Michael Jordan da Zinedine Zidane da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo irin su Dwayne Johnson, Ben Kingsley, [36] da Jason Statham . [37] Har yanzu ana kallon gashin kan mace a matsayin rashin al'ada a sassa daban-daban na duniya. [38] [39]

Madadin magani

gyara sashe

Ba a ba da shawarar ƙarin kayan abinci ba. [26] Akwai ƙaramin gwaji guda ɗaya kawai na saw palmetto wanda ke nuna fa'ida ga waɗanda ke da alopecia mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici. [26] Babu shaida ga biotin . [26] Shaida ga mafi yawan sauran madadin magunguna kuma basu isa ba. [40] Babu wata shaida mai kyau ga ginkgo, aloe vera, ginseng, bergamot, hibiscus, ko sophora kamar na 2011. [40]

Mutane da yawa suna amfani da magungunan da ba a tabbatar da su ba don magance asarar gashi. [25] Man kwai, a cikin Indiyawa, Jafananci, Unani (Roghan Baiza Murgh) da Sinanci magungunan gargajiya, ana amfani da su a al'ada don maganin asarar gashi.

Bincike

gyara sashe

Bincike yana duba alaƙa tsakanin asarar gashi da sauran batutuwan lafiya. Yayin da aka yi ta cece-kuce game da alakar da ke tsakanin mazajen da aka fara samun gashin gashi da cututtukan zuciya, nazarin kasidu daga 1954 zuwa 1999 bai sami wata cikakkiyar alaƙa tsakanin gashin gashi da ciwon jijiya ba. Likitocin fata da suka gudanar da bita sun nuna cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. [41]

Ana duba abubuwan muhalli. Wani bincike na 2007 ya nuna cewa shan taba na iya zama abin da ke da alaƙa da asarar gashi da ke da alaka da shekaru tsakanin maza na Asiya. Binciken ya sarrafa don shekaru da tarihin iyali, kuma ya sami ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga tsakanin matsakaici ko mai tsanani asarar gashi da yanayin shan taba. [42]

Gashin kai yana da alaƙa da haɗarin cututtukan zuciya na zuciya (CHD) kuma dangantakar ta dogara ne akan tsananin gashin gashi, yayin da ba gashin gaba ba. Don haka, gashin gashi na iya zama alamar CHD kuma yana da alaƙa da atherosclerosis fiye da gashin gaba.

Ciwon gashi tsufa

gyara sashe

Wani muhimmin al'amari na asarar gashi tare da shekaru shine tsufa na gashin gashi. [43] A al'ada, sabuntawar follicle gashi ana kiyaye shi ta sel mai tushe da ke hade da kowane follicle. Tsufawar ƙwayar gashi yana bayyana yana farawa ta hanyar ci gaba da mayar da martani ta wayar salula ga lalacewar DNA da ke taruwa don sabunta ƙwayoyin sel yayin tsufa. [44] Wannan amsawar lalacewa ta ƙunshi proteolysis na nau'in XVII collagen ta hanyar neutrophil elastase don mayar da martani ga lalacewar DNA a cikin ƙwayoyin gashi. Proteolysis na collagen yana haifar da kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka lalace kuma, saboda haka, zuwa ƙarshen gashin follicle miniaturization.

Alamar bushiya

gyara sashe

A cikin Yuni 2022 Jami'ar California, Irvine ta ba da sanarwar cewa masu bincike sun gano cewa siginar bushiya a cikin fibroblasts na murine yana haifar da haɓakar gashi da haɓaka gashi yayin da kunna bushiya yana haɓaka haɓakar fibroblast kuma yana fitar da sabbin jihohin tantanin halitta. [45] Wani sabon ƙwayar sigina mai suna SCUBE3 yana ƙarfafa haɓakar gashi da ƙarfi kuma yana iya ba da magani na warkewa don alopecia na androgenetic. [46]

Etymology

gyara sashe

Kalmar alopecia ( / ˌ ælə ˈpiː ʃ iə / ) ta fito ne daga Girkanci na gargajiya ἀλώπηξ, alōpēx, ma'ana "fox". Asalin wannan amfani shine saboda wannan dabba tana zubar da gashinta sau biyu a shekara, ko kuma saboda a tsohuwar Girka foxes sau da yawa sun rasa gashi saboda mange .

Duba kuma

gyara sashe
  • Alopecia a cikin dabbobi
  • Lichen planopilaris
  • Jerin yanayin da ke haifar da matsaloli tare da sunadaran haɗin gwiwa
  • Makullan Soyayya - sadaka da ke ba da kayan aikin gyaran gashi ga marasa lafiya alopecia
  • Psychogenic alopecia

Magana

gyara sashe
  1. ↑ "Hair loss". NHS Choices. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 Vary JC, Jr (November 2015). "Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages – Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis". The Medical Clinics of North America. 99 (6): 1195–1211. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003. PMID 26476248. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Var2015" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ "Hair loss". DermNet. Archived from the original on 2016-06-25. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nalluri, R; Harries, M (February 2016). "Alopecia in general medicine". Clinical Medicine. 16 (1): 74–78. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-1-74. PMC 4954340. PMID 26833522.
  5. ↑ McElwee, Kevin J.; Shapiro, Jerry (June 2012). "Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia". Skin Therapy Letter. 17 (6): 1–4. PMID 22735503.
  6. ↑ Leavitt, M. (2008). "Understanding and Management of Female Pattern Alopecia". Facial Plastic Surgery. 24 (4): 414–427. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1102905. PMID 19034818. S2CID 260136951 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  7. ↑ Kuvat: Kekkonen ei ollut aina kalju – tältä tuleva presidentti näytti teini-ikäisenä (in Finnish)
  8. ↑ Bergler-Czop, Beata; Brzezińska-Wcisło, Ligia (May 2004). "Czynniki hormonalne w etiologii tradziku pospolitego" [Hormonal factors in etiology of common acne]. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski (in Harshen Polan). 16 (95): 490–492. PMID 15518435.
  9. ↑ Passchier, Jan; Erdman, Jeroen; Hammiche, Fatima; Erdman, Ruud A. M. (September 2016). "Androgenetic Alopecia: Stress of Discovery". Psychological Reports. 98 (1): 226–228. doi:10.2466/PR0.98.1.226-228. PMID 16673981. S2CID 11586141.
  10. ↑ Poot, F (September 2004). "Le retentissement psychologique des pathologies chroniques du cheveu" [Psychological consequences of chronic hair diseases]. Revue Médicale de Bruxelles (in Faransanci). 25 (4): A286–288. PMID 15516058. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  11. ↑ "Infectious hair disease – syphilis". Keratin.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Drug-Induced Hair Loss". WebMD.
  13. ↑ "Drug Induced Hair Loss". American Hair Loss Association. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-06-23.
  14. ↑ Pappas, Peter G.; Kauffman, CA; Perfect, J; Johnson, PC; McKinsey, DS; Bamberger, DM; Hamill, R; Sharkey, PK; Chapman, SW; Sobel, JD (1 September 1995). "Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole Therapy". Annals of Internal Medicine. 123 (5): 354–357. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00006. PMID 7625624. S2CID 53091175.
  15. ↑ "Alopecia". Healthgrades. 26 June 2014.
  16. ↑ Nnoruka, Nkechi Edith (October 2005). "Hair loss: is there a relationship with hair care practices in Nigeria?". International Journal of Dermatology. 44 (s1): 13–17. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02801.x. PMID 16187950. S2CID 26608122.
  17. ↑ "Causes of Hair Loss". American Hair Loss Association.
  18. ↑ Schiff, Bencel L.; Kern, A B (1 May 1963). "Study of Postpartum Alopecia". Archives of Dermatology. 87 (5): 609–611. doi:10.1001/archderm.1963.01590170067011. PMID 13991677.
  19. ↑ Eastham, John H (February 2001). "Postpartum Alopecia". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 35 (2): 255–258. doi:10.1345/1542-6270(2001)035<0255:pa>2.0.co;2. PMID 11215848.
  20. ↑ "Congenital triangular alopecia". Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  21. ↑ Morinaga, Hironobu; Mohri, Yasuaki; Grachtchouk, Marina; Asakawa, Kyosuke; Matsumura, Hiroyuki; Oshima, Motohiko; Takayama, Naoya; Kato, Tomoki; Nishimori, Yuriko; Sorimachi, Yuriko; Takubo, Keiyo (July 2021). "Obesity accelerates hair thinning by stem cell-centric converging mechanisms". Nature (in Turanci). 595 (7866): 266–271. Bibcode:2021Natur.595..266M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03624-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 9600322 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34163066 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 235625692 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  22. ↑ "What is Alopecia: What Causes Alopecia?". MedicalBug. 6 February 2012. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  23. ↑ "The hair pull test". Keratin.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  24. ↑ Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Rakowska A, Kowalska-Oledzka E, Slowinska M (2008). "Trichoscopy: a new method for diagnosing hair loss". J Drugs Dermatol. 7 (7): 651–654. PMID 18664157.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Banka, N; Bunagan, MJ; Shapiro, J (January 2013). "Pattern hair loss in men: diagnosis and medical treatment". Dermatologic Clinics. 31 (1): 129–40. doi:10.1016/j.det.2012.08.003. PMID 23159182. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Ban2013" defined multiple times with different content
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 Rogers, Nicole E.; Avram, Marc R. (October 2008). "Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair loss". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 59 (4): 547–566. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.07.001. PMID 18793935. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Roger2008" defined multiple times with different content
  27. ↑ "FDA Approves First Systemic Treatment for Alopecia Areata | FDA". Fda.gov. 2022-06-13. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
  28. ↑ "An Old Medicine Remedies Hair Loss for Pennies a Day, Doctors Say - The New York Times". The New York Times. 2022-08-22. Archived from the original on 2022-08-22. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
  29. ↑ Joly, Pascal (October 2006). "The use of methotrexate alone or in combination with low doses of oral corticosteroids in the treatment of alopecia totalis or universalis". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 55 (4): 632–636. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.09.010. PMID 17010743.
  30. ↑ Shapiro, Jerry (December 2013). "Current Treatment of Alopecia Areata". Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. 16 (1): S42–S44. doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2013.14. PMID 24326551.
  31. ↑ 'Hair Transplants', WebMD: "Hair Transplant Procedures: Average Cost, What to Expect, and More". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
  32. ↑ Grevelman, E.G.; Breed, W.P.M. (March 2005). "Prevention of chemotherapy-induced hair loss by scalp cooling". Annals of Oncology. 16 (3): 352–358. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi088. PMID 15642703.
  33. ↑ Breed, Wim P. M. (1 January 2004). "What is wrong with the 30-year-old practice of scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced hair loss?". Supportive Care in Cancer. 12 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1007/s00520-003-0551-8. PMID 14615930. S2CID 25031894.
  34. ↑ Komen, Manon M.C.; Smorenburg, Carolien H.; van den Hurk, Corina J.G.; Nortier, J.W.R. (Hans) (2011). "Hoofdhuidkoeling tegen alopecia door chemotherapie" [Scalp cooling for chemotherapy-induced alopecia] (PDF). Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (in Holanci). 155 (45): A3768. PMID 22085565.
  35. ↑ Rockwell, Taylor (October 16, 2015). "The 20 Greatest Bald Heads in the History of Soccer". pastemagazine.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  36. ↑ Steele, Francesca (19 April 2014). "Ferdinand Kingsley interview: 'Yeah, but mum's dad was totally bald too!'". Spectator. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
  37. ↑ Huynh, Mike (24 July 2019). "Jason Statham Is Showing Bald Men How To Look Stylishly Masculine". DMARGE. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  38. ↑ "Cultural Perceptions of Hair & Baldness". The Trichological Society.
  39. ↑ Ramos, Paulo Müller; Miot, Hélio Amante (2015). "Female Pattern Hair Loss: a clinical and pathophysiological review". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 90 (4): 529–543. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153370. PMC 4560543. PMID 26375223.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Blumeyer, A; Tosti, A; Messenger, A; Reygagne, P; Del Marmol, V; Spuls, PI; Trakatelli, M; Finner, A; Kiesewetter, F; Trüeb, R; Rzany, B; Blume-Peytavi, U; European Dermatology Forum, (EDF) (October 2011). "Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men". Journal of the German Society of Dermatology. 9 (Suppl 6): S1–57. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0379.2011.07802.x. PMID 21980982. S2CID 29821046.
  41. ↑ Rebora, Alfredo (1 July 2001). "Baldness and Coronary Artery Disease: The Dermatologic Point of View of a Controversial Issue". Archives of Dermatology. 137 (7): 943–947. PMID 11453815.
  42. ↑ Su, Lin-Hui; Chen, Tony Hsiu-Hsi (1 November 2007). "Association of Androgenetic Alopecia With Smoking and Its Prevalence Among Asian Men". Archives of Dermatology. 143 (11): 1401–1406. doi:10.1001/archderm.143.11.1401. PMID 18025364.
  43. ↑ Lei M, Chuong CM (2016). "STEM CELLS. Aging, alopecia, and stem cells". Science. 351 (6273): 559–560. Bibcode:2016Sci...351..559L. doi:10.1126/science.aaf1635. PMID 26912687.
  44. ↑ Matsumura H, Mohri Y, Binh NT, Morinaga H, Fukuda M, Ito M, Kurata S, Hoeijmakers J, Nishimura EK (2016). "Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis". Science. 351 (6273): aad4395. doi:10.1126/science.aad4395. PMID 26912707. S2CID 5078019.
  45. ↑ Liu, Yingzi (30 June 2022). "Hedgehog signaling reprograms hair follicle niche fibroblasts to a hyper-activated state". Developmental Cell. 57 (14): 1758–1775.e7. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.005. PMC 9344965 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 35777353 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 250203913 Check |s2cid= value (help).
  46. ↑ Liu, Yingzi (1 July 2022). "Team discovers signaling molecule that potently stimulates hair growth". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Hanyoyin hadi na waje

gyara sashe

Wikimedia Commons on Rashin gashi

Samfuri:Medical resourcesSamfuri:Disorders of skin appendagesSamfuri:Human hair

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