Ranitidine
Ranitidine, wanda ake sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Zantac da sauransu, magani ne wanda ke rage yawan samar da acid na ciki.[1] An kuma fi amfani da shi don magance cututtukan cututtukan peptic, cututtukan gastroesophageal reflux, da ciwon Zollinger-Ellison.[1] Har ila yau, akwai shaidar ɗan lokaci na fa'ida ga amya.[2] Ana iya ɗauka ta baki, ta hanyar allura a cikin tsoka, ko cikin jijiya.[1]
 Ranitidine | |
|---|---|
group of stereoisomers (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
furans (en) da tertiary amine (en) |
| Amfani |
essential medicine (en) |
| Sinadaran dabara | C₁₃H₂₂N₄O₃S |
| Canonical SMILES (en) | CNC(=C[N+](=O)[O-])NCCSCC1=CC=C(O1)CN(C)C |
| Active ingredient in (en) |
Wal-Zan (en) da Zantac (en) |
| Pregnancy category (en) |
Australian pregnancy category B1 (en) da US pregnancy category B (en) |
| Subject has role (en) |
H2 antagonists (en) da anti-ulcer drug (en) |
| Stylized name (en) | raNITIdine |
Abubuwan da aka sani sun haɗa da ciwon kai, da zafi ko ƙonewa idan an yi musu ta hanyar allura.[1] Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da matsalolin hanta, jinkirin bugun zuciya, ciwon huhu, da kuma yuwuwar rufe kansar ciwon ciki.[1] Hakanan yana da alaƙa da haɓakar haɗarin Clostridium difficile colitis.[3] Gabaɗaya yana da lafiya a cikin ciki.[1] Ranitidine antagonist mai karɓar H2 histamine ne wanda kuma ke aiki ta hanyar toshe histamine, don haka yana rage adadin acid ɗin da ƙwayoyin ciki ke fitarwa.[1]
An gano Ranitidine a Ingila, UK a cikin shekarar 1976, kuma ya fara amfani da kasuwanci a 1981.[4] Yana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.[5] Ana samunsa azaman magani na gama-gari.[1] Farashin 2015 a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ya kai dalar Amurka 0.01-0.05 kowace kwamfutar hannu.[6] A Amurka kusan $0.05 ne a kowane kashi.[1] A cikin 2017, shi ne na 48th mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka, tare da rubutattun magunguna sama da miliyan 16.[7][8]
A cikin Satumba 2019, an gano carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) a cikin samfuran ranitidine daga masana'antun da yawa, wanda ya haifar da tunowa.[9][10][11] A cikin Afrilu 2020, an janye shi daga kasuwar Amurka kuma an dakatar da shi a cikin Tarayyar Turai da Ostiraliya saboda waɗannan damuwa.[12][13][14][15]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Ranitidine hydrochloride monograph". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ↑ Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ, Hu N (14 March 2012). "Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008596.pub2. PMID 22419335. CD008596.
- ↑ Tleyjeh IM, Abdulhak AB, Abdulhak AA, et al. (2013). "The association between histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis". PLoS ONE. 8 (3): e56498. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856498T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056498. PMC 3587620. PMID 23469173.
- ↑ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery (in Turanci). John Wiley & Sons. p. 444. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ "Ranitidine". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
- ↑ "Ranitidine - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
- ↑ "Health Canada assessing NDMA in ranitidine". Health Canada. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ↑ "Statement alerting patients and health care professionals of NDMA found in samples of ranitidine". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 13 September 2019. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ↑ "EMA to provide guidance on avoiding nitrosamines in human medicines". European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Press release). 13 September 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
- ↑ "Questions and Answers: NDMA impurities in ranitidine (commonly known as Zantac)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 11 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
- ↑ "FDA Requests Removal of All Ranitidine Products (Zantac) from the Market". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 1 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ↑ "Suspension of ranitidine medicines in the EU". European Medicines Agency (Press release). 30 April 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
- ↑ "Ranitidine". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2020.