Radio television libre des mille collines

Gidan rediyo libre des mille collines gidan rediyon ne a Ruwanda wanda ya fara aiki daga ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1993, zuwa 31 ga Yuli, 1994. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tunzura kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Rwanda daga Afrilu zuwa Yuli 1994, kuma wasu masana sun bayyana shi da cewa ya kasance de. bangaren gwamnatin Hutu.

Sunan gidan rediyon Faransanci na "Rediyo da Talabijin na Tudun Dubu", wanda ya samo asali daga bayanin Ruwanda a matsayin "Ƙasa na Dubban Dubban". Ta samu tallafi daga gidan rediyon Ruwanda da ke karkashin gwamnati, wanda da farko ya ba ta damar watsa ta amfani da kayan aikinsu.[2]

Da yawan jama'a suka saurara, ta yi hasashen farfagandar ƙiyayya ga 'yan Tutsi, Hutu masu matsakaicin ra'ayi, 'yan Belgium, da kuma Mataimakiyar Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga Rwanda (UNAMIR). Jama'ar Ruwanda da yawa suna daukarsa (ra'ayin da kotun hukunta laifukan yaki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayar kuma ta bayyana) da cewa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haifar da yanayi na nuna kiyayyar kabilanci wanda ya ba da damar kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan Tutsi a Ruwanda. Wata takarda aiki da aka buga a Jami'ar Harvard ta gano cewa watsa shirye-shiryen RTLM wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin tattara jama'a, wanda ya dace da tarurrukan Umuganda na wajibi.[3] An kwatanta RTLM a matsayin "kisan kare dangi", "mutuwar rediyo" da "sautin kisan kare dangi" [4].

kisan kiyashi

Tsare-tsare na RTLM ya fara ne a cikin 1992 ta 'yan Hutu masu tsaurin ra'ayi, don mayar da martani ga yadda Rediyon Ruwanda ke kara samun karbuwa da farin jini na Rediyon Muhabura na Patriotic Front (RPF) [5]. An kafa RTLM a shekara mai zuwa, kuma ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a watan Yuli 1993.[6] Gidan rediyon ya yi tir da tattaunawar zaman lafiya da ake yi tsakanin 'yan kabilar Tutsis RPF da suka fi rinjaye da shugaba Juvénal Habyarimana, wanda danginsa suka goyi bayan gidan rediyon.[7][8]. Ya zama sanannen tasha tun lokacin da yake ba da zaɓukan kiɗa na zamani akai-akai, ba kamar rediyon gwamnati ba, kuma cikin sauri ya haɓaka masu sauraro masu aminci tsakanin matasa Ruwanda, waɗanda daga baya suka zama mafi yawan 'yan tawayen Interhamwe.

An zargi Félicien Kabuga da hannu sosai a kafa da bankado RTLM, da kuma mujallar Kangura.[9][10] A cikin 1993, a wani taro na tara kuɗi na RTLM da MRND ta shirya, Felicien Kabuga ya fito fili ya bayyana manufar RTLM a matsayin kare ikon Hutu.[11]

Ana ganin tashar ta yi amfani da babban kiyayya da kyamar Hutu da yawa. An sanya kalaman ƙiyayya tare da nagartaccen amfani da ban dariya da kuma shahararriyar kiɗan Zaire.[abubuwan da ake buƙata] Ana kiran Tutsis akai-akai a matsayin "kyankyawa" (misali: "Ku [Tutsis] kyankyasai ne! Za mu kashe ku!").

Masu sukar sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnatin Rwanda ta haɓaka ƙirƙirar RTLM a matsayin "Rediyon Kiyayya", don kaucewa gaskiyar cewa sun sadaukar da kansu don hana " farfagandar rediyo mai lahani " a cikin sanarwar haɗin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Maris 1993 a Dar es Salaam.[2] Sai dai daraktan RTLM, Ferdinand Nahimana ya yi ikirarin cewa an kafa gidan rediyon ne da farko domin dakile farfagandar da Rediyon Muhabura na RPF ke yadawa.

A cikin watan Janairun 1994, gidan rediyon ya watsa sakwanni na cin mutuncin kwamandan UNAMIR Roméo Dallaire saboda gazawa wajen hana kashe mutane kusan 50 a yankin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ware.[12]

Bayan da aka harbo jirgin Habyarimana mai zaman kansa a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1994, RTLM ya shiga cikin rukunin muryoyin da ke zargin 'yan tawayen Tutsi, kuma ya fara kira da "yakin karshe" don "kashe" Tutsis.