Proportional (architecture)

Proportional (architecture)
	architectural term (en)

Matsakaicin ka'ida ce ta tsakiya na ka'idar gine-gine da kuma muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin lissafi da fasaha . Tasirin gani ne na dangantakar abubuwa da sarari daban-daban waɗanda ke yin tsari ga juna da kuma gaba ɗaya. Ana gudanar da waɗannan alaƙa sau da yawa ta hanyar ɗimbin madaidaitan juzu'i na tsawon da aka sani da "module". ^[1]

An tattauna rabo a cikin gine-gine ta Vitruvius, Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, da Le Corbusier da sauransu.

Ruman gine-gine

Vitruvius

Mutumin Vitruvian wanda Leonardo da Vinci ya kirkira bisa bayanin madaidaicin rabon jikin mutum na Vitruvius.

Tsabar tunawa da ke kwatanta Le Corbusier 's Modulor

Cocin Sant'Alessandro, Lucca, Italiya: rabo na farkon ginin ginin facade ad triangulum da facade ad quadratum na yau.

Gine-gine a zamanin da na Romawa ba a cika yin rubuce-rubuce ba sai a cikin rubuce-rubucen Vitruvius 'treise De architectura . Vitruvius yayi aiki a matsayin injiniya a ƙarƙashin Julius Kaisar a lokacin Yaƙin Gallic na farko (58-50 BC). An sadaukar da littafin ga Sarkin sarakuna Augustus. Kamar yadda Vitruvius ya bayyana ma'anar a cikin surori na farko na rubutun, ya ambaci abubuwan da ake bukata guda uku na gine-gine su ne tabbatarwa ( firmitas ), kayayyaki ( utilitas ), da kuma ni'ima ( venustas ), wanda ke buƙatar masu gine-ginen su kasance da su tare da nau'in ilmantarwa iri-iri. da sanin rassa da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, Vitruvius ya gano "Ka'idoji shida na Zane" a matsayin tsari ( ordinatio ), tsari ( dispositio ), rabo ( eurythmia ), symmetry ( symmetria ), propriety ( kayan ado ) da tattalin arziki ( rarraba ). Daga cikin ka'idoji shida, rabo ya haɗu kuma yana goyan bayan duk wasu abubuwan cikin sifofin geometric da ma'auni na lissafi.

Kalmar symmetria, yawanci ana fassarawa zuwa "symmetry" a fassarar zamani, a zamanin da, yana nufin wani abu da ya fi dacewa da "jituwar lissafi" [1] da kuma ma'auni. Vitruvius yayi ƙoƙari ya kwatanta ka'idarsa a cikin kayan shafa na jikin mutum, wanda ya kira shi daidai ko ma'auni na zinariya. Ka'idodin ma'auni na raka'a lambobi, ƙafa, da kamu kuma sun fito ne daga ma'auni na Mutumin Vitruvian. Musamman musamman, Vitruvius yayi amfani da jimlar tsayin ƙafa 6 na mutum, kuma kowane ɓangaren jiki yana ɗaukar rabo daban. Misali, fuskar tana kusan 1/10 na tsayin duka, kuma kai kusan 1/8 na tsayin duka. [1] Vitruvius ya yi amfani da waɗannan ma'auni don tabbatar da cewa abubuwan da ke tattare da oda na gargajiya sun kwaikwayi jikin ɗan adam, ta haka ne ke tabbatar da daidaituwar ɗabi'a lokacin da mutane suka kalli ginshiƙan gine-gine.

A cikin gine-gine na gargajiya, an kafa tsarin a matsayin radius na ƙananan shaft na ginshiƙi na gargajiya, tare da adadin da aka bayyana azaman juzu'i ko mahara na wannan tsarin. ^[2]

Le Corbusier

A cikin Le Modulor (1948), Le Corbusier ya gabatar da tsarin ma'auni wanda ya ɗauki rabon zinari da wani mutum mai ɗaga hannu a matsayin ƙirar ƙima.

Duba Sauran Bayanai

History of architecture
Mathematics and architecture
Mathematics and art

Manazarta

Kara karantawa

PH Scholfield (1958). Theory of Proportion in Architecture . Jami'ar Cambridge Press.
Hanno-Walter Kruft (1994). Tarihin Ka'idar Architectural . Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 9781568980102 .

↑ James Stevens Curl (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2006), 606-607.
↑ James Stevens Curl (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2006), 496.

[1] James Stevens Curl (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2006), 606-607.

[2] James Stevens Curl (ed.), Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 2006), 496.

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