Osman Mahamuud
Osman Mahamuud ( Somali , Larabci: عثمان محمود ), wanda kuma aka fi sani da `Uthman III ibn Mahmud, wani sarkin Somaliya ne. Ya jagoranci masarautar Majeerteen a karni na 19.
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Majeerteen Sultanate
gyara sasheƘasar Somaliya ce ta kafa masarautar Majeerteen daga ƙabilar Darod. Osman Mahamuud ɗan Mahmud V ibn Yusuf ne, wanda ya yi sarautar Sarkin Musulmi daga shekarar alif 1844 zuwa 1860. Daga nan Mahmud fils ya hau ƙaragar mulki, yana mulki a ƙarƙashin sarautar Sarki (Sarki boqor).[1] Masarautar Majeerteen ta yi fice a wannan ƙarni a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sarki Osman.[2]
Yarjejeniyar Majeerteen da Burtaniya
gyara sasheSakamakon haɗarurrukan jiragen ruwa da ke kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Cape Guardafui, masarautar Sarki Osman ta ƙulla yarjejeniya ta yau da kullun da Birtaniyya, inda Burtaniya ta amince da biyan tallafin na shekara-shekara don kare ma'aikatan Burtaniya da jirgin ruwa ya ruguje da kuma kare baraguzan ganima. Yarjejeniyar, duk da haka, ta kasance ba ta tabbata ba, saboda Birtaniya na fargabar cewa yin hakan zai ba wa sauran masu iko damar yin yarjejeniya da Somaliyawa, waɗanda suke da alama a shirye suke su kulla dangantaka da duk masu shigowa. [3]
Yarjejeniyar Majeerteen-Italiya
gyara sasheA karshen ƙarni na 19, duk manyan sarakunan Somaliya sun kulla yarjejeniyoyin da ɗaya daga cikin turawan mulkin mallaka wato Abyssinia, Biritaniya ko Italiya, in ban da Dhulbahante da Sarkin Darawiish Diiriye Guure.[4] A ƙarshen 1889, Sarki Osman ya kulla yarjejeniya da Italiyawa, ya mai da mulkinsa ya zama ma'auni na Italiyanci. Abokin hamayyar sa Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadid ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya makamanciyar wannan a gaban masarautarsa a shekarar da ta gabata. Dukansu sarakunan sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin ba da kariya don ci gaba da manufofinsu na faɗaɗa, tare da Sarki Osman na neman yin amfani da goyon bayan Italiya a ci gaba da gwagwarmayar da yake yi da Kenadid kan masarautar Majeerteen. A yayin rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyin, masu mulkin sun kuma yi fatan yin amfani da manufofin daular turai ta yadda za su kara tabbatar da cigaba da 'yancin cin gashin kan yankunansu. [5]
Sharuɗɗan kowace yarjejeniya ta bayyana cewa Italiya za ta kawar da duk wani tsoma baki a cikin gwamnatocin sarakunan.[5] Domin samun makamai na Italiya da tallafin shekara-shekara, Sultans sun amince da mafi ƙarancin kulawa da rangwamen tattalin arziki.[6] Italiyawa kuma sun amince da aikewa da wasu jakadu kaɗan don inganta duka sarakunan da bukatunsu.[5]
Duba sauran wasu abubuwan
gyara sasheManazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ "Somali Traditional States". Worldstatesmen. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ↑ Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
- ↑ David D. Laitin, Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience, (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), p.71
- ↑ Jardine, Douglas (1923). Mad Mullah of Somaliland.
Early in 1885 Great Britain concluded separate protective treaties with all the Somali tribes now living under her protection, except the Warsangeli, who concluded a treaty in 1886, and the Dolbahanta, with whom no treaty has been made.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Samfuri:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Samfuri:Harvcoltxt
Bayanan kula
gyara sashe- Hess, Robert L. (1964). "The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia". The Journal of African History. 5 (3): 415–33. doi:10.1017/s0021853700005107.
- Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M. (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. London: Haan Associates. ISBN 187420991X.
- Sheik-ʻAbdi, ʻAbdi ʻAbdulqadir (1993). Divine madness: Moḥammed ʻAbdulle Ḥassan (1856-1920). Zed Books. ISBN 0-86232-444-0.
- The Majeerteen Sultanates