Migraine
Migraine shine rashin ciwon kai na farko wanda ke da ciwon kai mai maimaitawa wanda ke da matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani.[1] Yawanci, ciwon kai yana shafar rabin kai, yana motsawa a yanayi, kuma yana wucewa daga 'yan sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki 3.[1] Alamomin da ke da alaƙa na iya haɗawa da tashin zuciya, amai, da azancin haske, sauti, ko wari.[2] Yawanci yana ƙara muni ta hanyar motsa jiki.[1] Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da abin ya shafa suna da aura: yawanci ɗan gajeren lokaci na damuwa na gani wanda kuma ke nuna cewa ciwon kai zai faru nan da nan.[3] Lokaci-lokaci, aura na iya faruwa tare da kadan ko babu ciwon kai biye da shi.[2]
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An yi imani da Migraines saboda cakuda abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta.[4] Kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na shari'o'in da ake gudanarwa a iyalai.[5] Canza matakan hormone na iya taka rawa, kamar yadda ciwon kai yana shafar yara maza da yawa fiye da 'yan mata kafin balaga da mata biyu zuwa uku fiye da maza.[6][4] Haɗarin migraines yawanci yana raguwa yayin daukar ciki da bayan menopause.[6][7] Ba a san ainihin hanyoyin da ke ƙasa ba.[7] An yi imani da cewa sun haɗa da jijiyoyi da tasoshin jini na kwakwalwa.[5]
Magani na farko da aka ba da shawarar shine tare da maganin ciwo mai sauƙi kamar ibuprofen da paracetamol (acetaminophen) don ciwon kai, maganin tashin zuciya, da kuma guje wa abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali.[8] Ana iya amfani da takamaiman magunguna irin su triptans ko ergotamines a cikin waɗanda magunguna masu sauƙi ba su da tasiri.[5] Ana iya ƙara caffeine zuwa abubuwan da ke sama.[5] Yawancin magunguna suna da amfani don hana hare-hare ciki har da metoprolol, valproate, da topiramate.[9][10]
A duniya, kusan 15% na mutane suna fama da migraines.[11] Yawancin lokaci yana farawa a lokacin balaga kuma yana da muni a lokacin tsakiyar shekaru.[1] Tun daga 2016, yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa.[12] Bayanin farko da ya yi daidai da migraines yana ƙunshe a cikin littafin littafin Ebers, wanda aka rubuta kusan 1500 BC a tsohuwar Masar.[13] Kalmar migraine daga Girkanci ἡμικρανία (hemikrania), 'zafi a cikin rabin kai',[9] daga ἡμι- (hemi-), 'rabi', da κρανίον (kranion), 'skull'.[10]
Manazarta
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Headache disorders Fact sheet N°277". October 2012. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Simon, Roger P; Aminoff, Michael J; Greenberg, David A (2009). Clinical neurology (7 ed.). New York, N.Y: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. pp. 85–88. ISBN 9780071664332.
- ↑ Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (2004). "The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition". Cephalalgia. 24 (Suppl 1): 9–160. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00653.x. PMID 14979299. as PDF Archived 2010-03-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Piane M, Lulli P, Farinelli I, Simeoni S, De Filippis S, Patacchioli FR, Martelletti P (December 2007). "Genetics of migraine and pharmacogenomics: some considerations". The Journal of Headache and Pain. 8 (6): 334–9. doi:10.1007/s10194-007-0427-2. PMC 2779399. PMID 18058067.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bartleson JD, Cutrer FM (May 2010). "Migraine update. Diagnosis and treatment". Minnesota Medicine. 93 (5): 36–41. PMID 20572569.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lay CL, Broner SW (May 2009). "Migraine in women". Neurologic Clinics. 27 (2): 503–11. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.01.002. PMID 19289228.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "NINDS Migraine Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. November 3, 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ↑ Gilmore B, Michael M (February 2011). "Treatment of acute migraine headache". American Family Physician. 83 (3): 271–80. PMID 21302868.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Armstrong C (April 2013). "AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults". American Family Physician. 87 (8): 584–5. PMID 23668450.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Linde M, Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, McCrory DC (June 2013). "Valproate (valproic acid or sodium valproate or a combination of the two) for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD010611. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010611. PMID 23797677.
- ↑ Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, et al. (December 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2163–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMC 6350784. PMID 23245607.
- ↑ Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, et al. (GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (September 2017). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". Lancet. 390 (10100): 1211–1259. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2. PMC 5605509. PMID 28919117.
- ↑ Miller, Neil (2005). Walsh and Hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology (6 ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1275. ISBN 9780781748117. Archived from the original on 2017-03-12.