Masarautar Bugesera
Wani Masarauta na Bugesera [1] wani masarauta ne mai cin gashin kai daga cikin ƙabilar Bantu da ta wanzu daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa na 18 a Tsakiyar Afirka. Kusan a shekarar 1799, an conquista shi kuma an raba shi tsakanin Masarautar Rwanda da Masarautar Burundi.
 Masarautar Bugesera |
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Tushe
gyara sasheHar zuwa ƙarni na 19, tarihin ƙasashen Lakes Lake Afirka galibi an yi amfani da al'adun baka da tatsuniyoyi. Daidaiton wannan labarin yana da matukar ƙalubale, kuma yawancin labaran baka na abubuwan da suka faru a cikin gida suna sabawa juna.[2] Misali, wasu labaran game da faɗuwar Bugesera suna ɗaukar sa'oi daga wani zamani zuwa wani, suna danganta conquista ɗinsa ga sarakunan wani lokacin daban.[3] Karin bayani zai iya samuwa daga arkeoloji.[2] Duk da haka, an rasa bayanai masu yawa game da Masarautar Bugesera; masarautar tana da alaka ne da labaran Rwandan da takardun tarihi. Binciken arkeoloji ma yana da ƙarancin bayani a yankin da Bugesera ta ke. Saboda haka, ba za a iya kafa wani jadawalin lokaci ko jerin sunayen sarakunan Bugesera ba.[4]
Tarihi
gyara sasheFarko da Tashi
gyara sasheMasarautar Bugesera na iya samun tushe ne a ƙarni na 16.[1] Masu mulkin masarautar ana kiransu mwami (sarauta),[5] kamar yadda aka yi a sauran ƙasashen yankin.[6][7] Wasu tarihi na masu sarauta na yankin sun sa wasu masana tarihi kamar Jan Vansina su yarda cewa Bugesera na iya samun iko akan Rwanda, wanda daga baya aka ɗauka a matsayin yanayi wanda aka sarrafa shi ta hanyar reshen dangi na sarakunan Bugesera.[8] Kamar yadda wasu al'adun baka ke cewa elite na Ganwa na Burundi yana da dangantaka da dangi na sarauta na Rwanda, masu bincike Léonidas Ndoricimpa da Claude Guillet sun ba da shawarar cewa Burundi na iya zama ƙaramar masarauta ta Bugesera. A hakika, har zuwa ƙarni na 18, Masarautar Bugesera tana da faɗaɗa, kamar yadda aka shaida ta wurare da yawa da kuma labarai.[9] A cewar labaran Rwandan, Bugesa ya ba da mafaka ga Yariman Mwendo bayan ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe mwami Cyilima I Rugwe na Rwanda.[10] Bugu da ƙari, masu girmama Allah sun sanar da Cyilima I Rugwe cewa Nyanguge, matar mwami Nsoro Bihembe na Bugesera, ita ce sarauniyar da aka tsara ta zama sarauniya ta Rwanda. Don samun ta, Cyilima I Rugwe ya yi abokantaka da Bugesera kuma ya maida wasu yankuna ga Bugesera.[10][11] Wannan sabon yankin da aka samu daga baya ya bace ga Masarautar Gisaka saboda nyoro ya kai hari.[11] Duk da haka, Nyanguge na iya kasancewa tana dauke da ciki lokacin da aka tura ta ga Cyilima I Rugwe; sabo da haka, mwami na gaba na Rwanda, Kigeli I Mukobanya, an yi amanna da cewa shine ɗan Nsoro Bihembe na Bugesera.[10][12]
Wadansu labaran Rwandan suna ba da labari game da abubuwan da suka shafi Bugesera yayin mulkin mwami Mibambwe Mutabazi na Rwanda, ɗan Kigeli I Mukobanya.[13][11] A cewar wani labari, mwami Nsoro Sangano na Bugesera ya ba da mafaka ga Yariman Mashira na masarautar Nduga lokacin da aka conquista shi ta Mibambwe Mutabazi. Mashira daga baya ya sake dawowa Nduga. A wani labarin, mutane na Nyoro sun sake kai hari a yankin, suna kama Nsoro Sangano kuma suna tilasta masa yin aiki a matsayin mai sa ido ga sojojin su.[13] Duk da haka, Rwandan da abokanan su sun yi nasara akan masu kai hari na Nyoro; Nsoro Sangano ya kasance a cikin dazukan Ngiga mai nisa daga gida.[14]
A cewar wani labarin Rwandan, mwami Mibambwe Mutabazi na Rwanda ya kafa haɗin gwiwa da Bugesera da Burundi a wani lokaci don aveng da kisan uwar sa a "Bunyabungo", wani yanki da ya dace da yankin yamma na Lake Kivu.[7][14] Jagoranci ta Nsoro Sangano[11] ko magajinsa Muhoza,[14] sojojin Bugesera sun kai hari Bunyabungo kuma sun lalata ƙasar, suna kashe wani sarki na gida da ɗaukar matar sa mai ciki a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wannan matar ta haifi ɗan da aka yi wa suna Sibula (ko "Ntsibura"); lokacin da ya girma, ya samu dawowa gida, ya zama sarki, kuma ya kawo ramuwar gayya ta hanyar kashe mwami na Rwanda Ndahiro II Cyamatare. A cikin labarin, tafiyar Sibula tana amfani da bayanin dalilin da ya sa ƙasashen gida suna girmama drums a matsayin alamun iko na sarauta.[14][7] Duk da haka, wannan labarin yana da kariyar daga wasu al'adun baka; sabo da haka,yana yiwuwa ne bisa ga karin bayani a cikin labaran Rwandan. A cewar labaran Rwandan, Masarautar Bugesera na da karfin da ya haifar da wani sarki na Nduga na girmamawa.
Faɗa da Conquista
gyara sasheDaga ƙarni na 18 zuwa na 19, masarautar Bugesera tana cikin faɗa da conqueror mai suna Rutshuru, wanda ke da alaka da Mizero, mwami na Rwanda. A cewar labaran baka da tarihin Bugesera, an kammala faɗa da conquest wanda ya wanzu daga daular Bugesera zuwa ga Rwanda. Wannan ya ƙare tare da damuwar masarautar Bugesera wanda aka kwace ta daga Bugesera zuwa Rwanda da Burundi.[3]
Al'adu
gyara sasheBugesera na da al'adu da suka haɗa da amfani da ibinere, wani nau'in hulɗa da ke zama kamar wasu kyawawan al'adun da ke da alaka da Rwanda da Burundi. Bugu da ƙari, Bugesera na da alaƙa da al'adu da ke shahara a cikin Kabilar Bantu, wanda ya haɗa da maganar gargajiya, al'adun arkeoloji, da irin su.[15]
Bayanan Tarihi
gyara sasheYawan Mahimmanci
gyara sasheMasarautar Bugesera ta kasance muhimmi a tarihin Rwanda da Burundi saboda yadda aka tsara ko juyawa daga Bugesera zuwa waɗannan ƙasashe. Wannan tarihi yana da tasiri sosai ga al'adun da ke zaman lafiya a tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashe.[6] Duk da haka, tarihin Bugesera yana da ƙarancin bayani, kuma tarihi na ƙasashe yana bayar da ƙarin bayani.[9]
Labaran Da Aka Yi Amfani Da Su
gyara sashe- Ndoricimpa, Léonidas; Guillet, Claude (1984). A History of Burundi.
- Newbury, David (1991). The Crisis in Rwanda.
- Ogot, B.A. (1999). General History of Africa.
- Twagilimana, I.M. (2007). History of Rwanda.
- Vansina, Jan (2004). The Bantu in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Twagilimana 2007, p. 21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vansina 2004, pp. 8, 45.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vansina 2004, p. 238.
- ↑ Vansina 2004, p. 45.
- ↑ Ogot 1999, p. 403.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Vansina 2004, pp. 110–111.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Newbury 1991, p. 134.
- ↑ Ndoricimpa & Guillet 1984, pp. 22–23.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Ndoricimpa & Guillet 1984, p. 23.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Ruti, Peter (7 August 2023). "PART 3: Unraveling a different perspective on political dynamics in ancient Rwanda". The New Times. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Ndoricimpa & Guillet 1984, p. 22.
- ↑ Ruti, Peter (22 August 2023). "Revealing a fresh perspective on political manipulation in Rwandan history". The New Times. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ruti, Peter (6 September 2023). "Political manipulation in Ancient Rwanda: The second Banyoro invasion". The New Times. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Ruti, Peter (12 September 2023). "Political manipulation in Ancient Rwanda: The battle against Banyoro invaders". The New Times. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
- ↑ Newbury 1991, p. 135.