Wikipedia

Jucker (wasan katin)

Jucker, wanda aka fi sani da Juckerspiel ("wasan Jucker") ko Juckern ("yana wasa Jucker"), wasa ne na katin da ya shahara a yankunan Alsace da Palatinate a kowane bangare na iyakar Franco-Jamus ta zamani. An yi imanin cewa shi ne kakannin Euchre kuma yana iya ba da sunansa ga katin wasa da aka sani da Joker . [1]

Jucker (wasan katin)

Tarihi

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Magana ta farko da aka sani game da wasan ta faru ne a cikin shekara ta 1792 a cikin kamus na Jamusanci, kamar Juckern, inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan da katunan" kuma an sanya shi a yankin Palatinate.[2] A shekara ta 1848 an san shi sosai ga Spindler ya ambaci shi a cikin Vergißmeinnicht ("Manna-Ba"), inda wani saurayi ke yin caca a lokacinsa a mashaya yana wasa wasanni daban-daban ciki har da Jucker ([er] juckert). [3] A cikin littafin Erckmann-Chatrian na 1864 L'ami Fritz, wanda aka kafa a Alsace, akwai nassoshi akai-akai a Faransanci don kunna wasan youker tun daga shekarun 1830.[4] A shekara ta 1856, Hackländer ya ba da labarin buga Juckern, sabon wasa a gare shi, a yankin Rhineland . [5] Wasan kuma ya bayyana a cikin littafin shayari na 1874 a cikin yaren yankin Hunsrück na Jamus a 1874 kuma a cikin wata kasida a cikin jaridar Palatinate a wannan shekarar kamar yadda talakawa suka buga tare da Tarock. [6][7]

Ba a sami cikakkun dokoki ba, amma Martin da Lienhart (1899) sun bayyana Jucker a matsayin "wasan katin da Bauer [Jack] ya fi Ace daraja" kuma Marsch zai ɗauki dukkan dabaru biyar a Jucker.[8] Rausch (1908) ya bayyana cewa Juckerspiel ya yadu a Alsace kuma e Marsch mache yana nufin ɗaukar duk dabaru kuma cewa Bauer shine mafi girman katBauer] Tushen zamani sun bayyana cewa an buga wasan ne a yankin Rhineland da yankin Kudancin Hessian.[9][10]

Kakanninmu na Ibada

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An ba da shawarar Jucker a matsayin kakannin shahararren wasan Amurka, Euchre, bisa ga jerin lokuta, ilimin harshe da yanayin wasa. Tushen Amurka na karni na 19 sun nuna cewa ana buga eucre tun daga farkon 1810 [11] kuma a 1829, kamar yadda, an buga shi tare da Bowers tun daga farkon 1829 a Amurka Mid-West, kuma an ƙirƙiri Euchre a Amurka a cikin shekarun 1820 daga haɗakar Écarté tare da ra'ayoyi daga wasannin katin Jamus ta baƙi na Jamus. [12][13] Bumppo (1999) ya karyata "duba" na hanyar hadi tare da Ecarté yana nuna cewa wasannin biyu sun fito ne a kusan lokaci guda kuma cewa Ecarté wasa ne na hannu biyu wanda Jacks ba manyan kaho ba ne.[1]

David Parlett, gwani a kan tarihin wasannin katin, ya ci gaba kuma ya yi jayayya cewa, "a kan tushen harshe kadai ba za a iya samun wata shakka game da asalin [Euchre] a cikin wasan Alsatian na Juckerspiel kamar yadda baƙi na Jamus suka kawo Amurka ba. " Ba wai kawai Jucker da Euchre suna da sauti iri daya ba, amma an shigo da kalmomin Bauer da Marsch cikin Euchre a matsayin 'Bower' da 'march'. [14] Sakamakon sa shi ne cewa Euchre ya samo asali ne daga wasan Alsatian na Jucker wanda, bi da bi, ya fito ne daga Triomphe ko Ruff na Faransa, mai yiwuwa ta hanyar Bête.[15]

Wasannin da suka danganci

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Kwanan nan, membobin International Playing Card Society sun gano wasanni biyu, har yanzu ana buga su a yau a yankin arewacin Alsace a Jamus, wanda zai iya zama zuriyar Juckerspiel: Bauer da Hunsrücker Bauern . [16]

Hunsrücker Bauern

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Watakila dangi mafi kusa na Juckerspiel shine bambancin Bauer, ko Bauern, wanda aka buga a cikin Hunsrück, yana amfani da katunan Faransanci 32 kuma yana da hannu shida, wasan ƙungiyoyi biyu wanda akwai Jacks biyu a matsayin ƙaho na sama: Jack da Jack na launi daya. Kamar Jucker, 'yan wasa suna karɓar katunan 5 kowannensu kuma akwai kari don slam, wanda aka sani da Durch. Idan katin yanke Jack ne, yana kayyade karar kaho sai dai idan an maye gurbinsa daga baya. Ana ba wa 'yan wasa katunan biyar kowannensu daga fakitin Skat kuma, idan ba a riga an yanke shawarar ƙaho ba, ana juya katin saman skat don ƙaho. Idan Jack ne, yana ƙayyade ƙaho ko da katin yanke Jack ne. Idan Jack ne, ana juya katin kasa na skat kuma, idan iri daya ne, dillali na iSkat da shi. Idan ba haka ba, ana tambayar 'yan wasa bi da bi idan za su yi wasa tare da kayan aiki. Idan wani mai kunnawa ya ce eh, dillalin na iya musayar da shi. Idan babu wanda yake so ya yi wasa tare da takalmin, ana sake juyawa kuma ana tambayar 'yan wasa idan za su yi wasa tare le wani takalmin. Idan duk sun wuce, ana sake ba da katunan. Wannan tsari yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Euchre . Kungiyoyin suna farawa da layi biyar da aka yi alama a kan takarda (Striche) kuma suna wasa don mafi kyawun dabaru biyar. Idan masu bayyana sun ci nasara, sun share layi; idan sun rasa, sun kara layi kuma masu nasara sun share layi.[16][17]

Bauer

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Akwai wani nau'i na Bauer da aka buga a cikin Saarland wanda shine wasan hannu huɗu, mai sauki, wasan hadin gwiwa. A wannan lokacin ana ba da katunan 8 ga kowane mai kunnawa a cikin fakiti biyu na 4, ana zaɓar ƙaho ta gaba bayan an ba da fakitin farko. Yana amfani da katin 32, fakitin Skat na Faransanci kuma akwai 2 Jacks (Bauer) a matsayin ƙaho na sama: ƙaho Jack ko Dicke ("mai ƙiba") da Jack na launi ɗaya ko Linke ("hagu"). A gaba yana jagorantar tare da kaho (wani lokacin zabi). Dole ne a bi tufafi, amma 'yan wasa na iya kunna kowane katin idan ba su iya bi ba. Kungiyoyin suna farawa da maki takwas kuma suna da niyyar zama na farko zuwa sifili, ana cire maki ɗaya ga masu cin nasara na yarjejeniya idan sun bayyana ƙaho. Idan masu bayyana sun yi hasara, sai su kara maki kuma abokan adawar su cire daya. Lokacin da Shuka kai sifili, kungiyar ta sami Brot ("burodi" ko "ruwa") ko Schròòm. Daidai da tafiya shi kaɗai shine Karten weg wanda mai kunnawa wanda ke da niyyar ɗaukar kowane dabarar ya sanar. Ana ajiye katunan abokin tarayya kuma mai kunnawa da ke son "yi tafiya" yana jagorantar. Samun nasara yana samun karin Brot. Ana buga wasan a wasu lokuta tare da gajeren katunan 20 ko ƙungiyoyi biyu na 3.[16][18]

Taron

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Reunion, wasan Rhineland na ƙarni na 19, yana da fasalin samun Jacks biyu a matsayin manyan kaho, amma wasan hannu uku ne da aka buga da hannayen katunan 10 da kuma fakitin Skat 32.

Bester Bube

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Bester Bube kuma yana amfani da Jacks guda biyu a matsayin manyan ƙaho da kuma hannun katin 5, amma memba ne na kungiyar Rams inda 'yan wasa za su iya fita idan ba su yi tunanin cewa hannayensu yana da karfi sosai ba. babu wani nau'i na Marsch.

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bumppo (1999), pp. 7–9.
  2. ↑ von Klein (1792), p. 215.
  3. ↑ Spindler (1848), p. 170.
  4. ↑ Erckmann-Chatrian (1864), pp. 4, 86, 98, etc.
  5. ↑ Hackländer (1856), p. 302.
  6. ↑ Rottmann (1874), p. 203.
  7. ↑ "W." (1874), p. 612.
  8. ↑ Martin and Lienhart (1899), pp. 406b and 713b.
  9. ↑ Müller (1928)
  10. ↑ Maurer (1965), p.990.
  11. ↑ Piomingo (1810), p. 153.
  12. ↑ Hoyle (1868), p. 94
  13. ↑ Cowell (1844), pp. 94 & 101.
  14. ↑ EUCHRE and related five-trick games at www.parlettgames.uk. Retrieved 14 Jun 2019
  15. ↑ Parlett (2006), p. 261.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Bauer -- Euchre in its area of origin at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.
  17. ↑ Re: Bauern Hunsrücker Kartenspiel at www.wer-weiss-was.de. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.
  18. ↑ Bauer (Kartenspiel) at www.spielwiki.de. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.

Littattafai

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  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Littafin Columbus na Euchre . 2nd edn. Brownsville, KY: Borf.  
  • Cowell, Joseph (1845) [1844] Shekaru talatin sun wuce tsakanin 'yan wasa a Ingila da Amurka. Sashe na 2: Amurka. NY: Harper.
  • Erckmann-Chatrian (1864). Abokin Fritz Paris: Littafin Hachette.
  • Hackländer, F. W. "Die erste Versammlung deutscher bildender Künstler" a cikin Hausblätter wanda Hackländer da Edmund Hoefer suka buga. Fashewa. 4. Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • Martin, Ernst da Hans Lienhart (1899). [Hasiya] 1 (A E I O U F V G H J K L M N), Trübner, Strassburg.
  • Maurer da sauransu (1965-2010). Südhessisches Wörterbuch.
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] [Hasiya] 3. Fritz Klopp, Bonn.
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Tarihin Wasannin Katin, OUP, Oxford.   ISBN 0-19-282905-X
  • Parlett, David (2006), "The Origins of Euchre," a cikin The Playing-Card, Vol. 35. Na 4. Afrilu-Yuni 2007. shafi na 255 ff.
  • Piomingo [John Robinson] (1810). Mai zalunci. Philadelphia: Thomas S. Manning
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] "Das Spielverzeichnis im 25. Kapitel von Fischarts "Geschichtklitterung" (Gargantua) " a cikin Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Sprache und Literatur Elsass-Lothringens, Vol. 24. Heitz.
  • Rottmann, P. J. (1874). Gedichte a cikin Hunsrücker Mundart, R . [Hasiya]
  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 18] Vergißmeinnicht: Taschenbuch der Liebe, der Freundschaft und dem Familienleben gewidmet . [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]
  • Von Klein, Anton Edeln (1792). Deutsches Provinzialwörterbuch. 1st edn. Fashewa. 1. Frankfurt & Leipzig.
  • "W." (1874). "Miscellen" a cikin Palatina: Heimatblatt des Pfälzer Anzeigers . Na 153. Alhamis, 24 ga Disamba 1874. Mai faɗakarwa shafi na 612.

Samfuri:Historical card games

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