Ilimin zamantakewa

Ilimin zamantakewa shine nazarin haƙƙoƙin da kuma wajibcin ƴan ƙasa a cikin al'umma. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin civicus, ma'ana "dangantaka da ɗan ƙasa". Kalmar tana da alaƙa da ɗabi'a da ke shafar sauran ƴan ƙasa, musamman ta fuskar ci gaban birane.

Ilimin zamantakewa
school subject (en) , academic major (en) da academic discipline (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	course (en) da Kimiyyar zamantakewa

Ilimin zamantakewa
school subject (en) , academic major (en) da academic discipline (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	course (en) da Kimiyyar zamantakewa

Ilimin jama'a shine nazarin ka'idoji, siyasa da kuma abubuwan da suka dace na zama ɗan ƙasa, da kuma haƙƙoƙinsa da ayyukansa. Ya hada da nazarin dokokin farar hula da ka'idojin farar hula, da kuma nazarin gwamnati tare da kula da rawar da 'yan kasa ke takawa-sabanin abubuwan waje-wajen aiki da sa ido na gwamnati.

makarantar ilimin zamantakewa kenan

Kalmar kuma na iya komawa zuwa corona civica, ado na itacen oak da aka sawa a kai kamar rawani, al'ada a zamanin d Roma inda wani wanda ya ceci wani ɗan Roma daga mutuwa a yaƙi ya sami lada da corona civica da 'yancin sakawa shi.

Ra'ayin Falsafa

Ancient Sparta

Archidamus

A cikin Tarihin Yaƙin Peloponnesia, Thucydides ya ba da jawabi ga Archidamus II inda ya jaddada mahimmanci ga Sparta na ilimin jama'a don kyawawan dabi'un Spartan na tauri, biyayya, wayo, sauƙi, da shirye-shirye:

And we are wise, because we are educated with too little learning to despise the laws, and with too severe a self-control to disobey them, and are brought up not to be too knowing in useless matters—such as the knowledge which can give a specious criticism of an enemy's plans in theory, but fails to assail them with equal success in practice—but are taught to consider that the schemes of our enemies are not dissimilar to our own, and that the freaks of chance are not determinable by calculation. In practice we always base our preparations against an enemy on the assumption that his plans are good; indeed, it is right to rest our hopes not on a belief in his blunders, but on the soundness of our provisions. Nor ought we to believe that there is much difference between man and man, but to think that the superiority lies with him who is reared in the severest school.

Mawallafin Faransanci Michel de Montaigne ya yaba yadda Agesilaus II, ɗan Archidamus, ya bi tsarin mahaifinsa sosai:

One asking to this purpose, Agesilaus, what he thought most proper for boys to learn? "What they ought to do when they come to be men," said he.

Lycurgus

A cewar masanin tarihin Roman Plutarch, ɗan littafin Lycurgus na Sparta ya ɗauki ilimin ɗan ƙasa a matsayin babban fifikonsa a matsayin mai tsara tsarin mulkin Spartan. Plutarch ya lura cewa "dukkan karatun [Spartan] na ɗaya ne na ci gaba da motsa jiki na shirye da cikakkiyar biyayya' a cikinsa "da kyar babu wani lokaci ko wuri ba tare da wani ya halarta ba don sanya su cikin tunanin aikinsu, kuma Ka azabta su da sun yi sakaci.

Duk da haka, an kuma buƙaci matasa su bayyana ra'ayoyinsu da ƙarfi da taƙaitaccen bayani, da kuma yin tunani da tunani a kan al'amuran da suka shafi mutuncin jama'a, ciki har da tambayoyi kamar su wanene ko ba dan asalin Sparta ba ne. Daga baya Montaigne zai yaba wa wannan fasaha ta musamman ta ilimi, tare da sha'awar yadda ƴan ƙasar Spartan ke amfani da lokacinsu don koyon kyawawan halaye kamar jajircewa da halin ɗabi'a, ba tare da yin nazarin kowane fanni ba. Haka kuma an koyar da yaran Spartan kade-kade da wake-wake domin yabon jaruntaka da kuma Allah wadai da rashin tsoro.

Ainihin, manufar Spartan na ilimin jama'a shine tsari wanda sha'awar ɗan ƙasa ta zama cikakkiyar haɗin kai tare da sha'awar siyasa, cikin ruhin cikakkiyar kishin ƙasa: 'A ƙarshe, Lycurgus ya haɓaka 'yan ƙasa ta hanyar da ba za su kasance ba. ba za su iya rayuwa da kansu ba; za su mai da kansu daya tare da amfanin jama'a, kuma, tari kamar kudan zuma a kusa da kwamandan su, ta wurin himmarsu da ruhin jama'a za su aiwatar da komai daga kansu, kuma su sadaukar da kansu ga kasarsu.

yadda ilimin zamantakewa ke haɗa mutane

Ilimin jama'a don taurin kai da karfin fada ba kawai a cikin ra'ayin maza na Spartan ba ne: Plutarch ya ba da labarin yadda Lycurgus ya ba da umarni ga 'yan mata su yi wasan kokawa, gudu, jefa zance, da kuma bin dart' tare da manufar ƙirƙirar yara masu lafiya don jihar.