Ilimi a Namibia
Ilimi a Namibia tilas ne na tsawon shekaru 10 tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 16.[1] Akwai kimanin makarantu 1900 a Namibia wanda 100 na masu zaman kansu ne. [2][3] Yarjejeniyar batutuwan Namibiya ta dogara ne akan Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Sakandare ta Duniya wacce ke cikin Cambridge International. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya umarci gwamnati da ta samar da ilimin firamare kyauta; duk da haka, iyalai dole ne su biya kudade don kayan aiki, takardu, littattafai, masauki, da inganta makaranta. Daga cikin kasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara, Namibia tana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman ƙwarewa.
 Ilimi a Namibia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
education in country or region (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Facet of (en) | Karantarwa | |||
| Ƙasa | Namibiya | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
Tarihin Ilimi a Namibia
gyara sasheKafin samun 'yancin kai
gyara sasheKafin samun 'yancin Namibia, an tsara tsarin ilimi na kasar don karfafa wariyar launin fata maimakon samar da tushen albarkatun ɗan adam don inganta inganta ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. An ragargaje shi tare da launin fata da kabilanci, tare da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon albarkatu da ingancin ilimin da aka bayar.[4]
Bayan samun 'yancin kai
gyara sasheSabuwar Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Namibia (GRN) ta shirya ƙirƙirar tsari ɗaya don gudanar da ilimi. A halin yanzu, Namibia tana ba da fiye da 20% na kasafin kudin ta ga ilimi. Wannan yana wakiltar kashi shida zuwa bakwai na jimlar GDP na Namibia kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe uku tare da mafi girman kashi na GDP da aka tsara don ilimi a duniya.[4] Cibiyoyin ilimi a Namibia da fayilolin su sun sami amincewar Hukumar Kula da cancanta ta Namibia (NQA). Wannan ma'aikatar tana kimantawa da kuma amincewa da cibiyoyin ƙasa da digiri, da kuma cancantar kasashen waje na mutanen da ke son nuna daidaito na ƙasa na digiri da suka samu a kasashen waje.
Masu bincike daga Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka sun yi imanin cewa saka hannun jari yana biyan kuɗi. Sabon tsarin karatu na uniform da na mai koyo don maki daya zuwa goma sha biyu, wanda aka kammala a shekarar 1998, ya sami karbuwa fiye da iyakokin Namibia kuma an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin amfani da Turanci (wanda ya maye gurbin Afrikaans a matsayin harshen hukuma na ƙasar) a matsayin matsakaici na koyarwa. Kimanin kashi 95 cikin dari na yara masu zuwa makaranta suna zuwa makaranta kuma yawan malamai ya karu da kusan kashi 30 cikin dari tun 1990. An gina sabbin ɗakunan aji sama da 3000. A sakamakon wadannan ci gaba, an rage yawan maimaitawa a duk maki. Ganin cewa a cikin 1991, rabin masu koyo a aji na 1 suna maimaita aji, a shekara ta 2003, sama da kashi 84 cikin dari na masu koyo suna samun ci gaba a kan lokaci. Har ila yau, yawan masu barin aiki sun ragu.
A gefe guda, tsohon Ministan Ilimi na Namibia Ibrahim Iyambo ya bayyana tsarin ilimin Namibiya a matsayin "ƙasasshe", yana mai ambaton yawan barin karatu, rashin wuraren koyarwa, matsalolin kudi, horar da sana'a mara kyau, da rashin ci gaban firamare. An ba da Taron Kasa kan Ilimi, wanda ke gudana daga 27 ga Yuni zuwa 1 ga Yuli 2011, don magance batutuwan da suka fi gaggawa.[5]
Tsarin ilimi na Namibia yana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Yana fuskantar mummunan rauni a samar da ilimi ga kowa. Bugu da ƙari ingancin ilimi, ingancin malamai da aikin masu koyo ba su da gamsuwa. Ma'aikatar Ilimi tana tsara shirin ingantawa wanda aka sani da ETSIP (Shirin Inganta Sashin Ilimi da Horarwa). ETSIP tana da niyyar daidaita dukkan tsarin ilimin Namibiya zuwa hangen nesa na Namibia na 2030 da bukatun yawan mutanen Namibiya.[6]
A duk makarantun gwamnati, ilimin firamare kyauta ne tun 2013, [7] da kuma ilimin sakandare tun 2016. Cibiyoyin ilimi na sakandare, masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, suna biyan kuɗin karatu. Ba a ba da izinin azabtar da jiki ba.
Sashen ilimi
gyara sasheCi gaban tsarin karatu, bincike na ilimi, da ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai a makaranta an shirya su ne ta Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Kasa (NIED) a Okahandja . [8]
Ilimi na farko
gyara sasheGwamnatin Namibia ta gabatar da shirin gwaji na shekaru uku na makarantar firamare a cikin 2008. An ba da wannan shirin na tsawon shekaru biyu kuma ta haka ne ya gudana har zuwa 2013. Manufarta ita ce ta ba wa yara daga matalauta damar zuwa ilimin firamare kuma an yi niyya ne ga yara tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa shida. Shirin yana buƙatar aiwatar da ilimin firamare a makarantun firamare. Ci gaban da aka samu a shirin matukin jirgi har zuwa yanzu:
- Yankin Khomas - 21 daga cikin makarantun firamare 67 sun gabatar da ilimin firamare.
- Yankin Karas - 18 daga cikin makarantun firamare 38 sun gabatar da ilimin firamare.
- Yankin Caprivi - makarantun firamare 24 sun gabatar da ilimin firamare.
- Yankin Ohangwena - 27 daga cikin makarantun firamare 138 sun gabatar da ilimin firamare.
Ilimi na firamare
gyara sasheIlimi na tilas yana farawa a matakin ilimin firamare yana da shekaru 6. Ilimi na firamare ya kunshi shekaru bakwai daga Grade 1 zuwa Grade 7 don shirya yara don karatun sakandare.[6] Gwamnatin Namibia ta gabatar da ilimin firamare kyauta a shekarar 2013.
Ilimi na sakandare
gyara sasheIlimi na sakandare ya kai tsawon shekaru 5 daga Grade 8 zuwa Grade 12. Ana gabatar da yara tare da Takardar shaidar Babban Sakandare ta Kasa (NSSCO) bayan nasarar kammala karatun Grade 11.[9]
Ana ba da izinin shiga aji na 12 ne kawai ga masu koyo waɗanda ke samun aƙalla alamomin C a cikin batutuwa biyu na NSSCO da D a Turanci.[10] Bayan kammala karatun digiri na 12 ana gabatar da masu koyo tare da Babban Takardar Shaidar Sakandare ta Kasa (NSSCAS). [9]
Ba za a iya maimaita digiri na 11 ko na 12 na cikakken lokaci ba, ga ɗaliban da suke son ci gaba da karatu suna buƙatar samun sakamako mai kyau kamar yadda ake buƙata na manyan makarantu a cikin gida ko waje. Ma'aunin kimantawa na digiri na 12 shine: [6]
Ilimi na sakandare
gyara sasheJami'o'i da kwalejoji
gyara sasheNamibia tana da cibiyoyin ilimi na jama'a guda biyu, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Namibia (NUST) da Jami'ar Namibia (UNAM) da kuma jami'a mai zaman kanta guda ɗaya, Jami'an Gudanarwa ta Duniya (IUM).
Don ƙayyade shigarwa zuwa ilimi na sakandare a Namibia, ana canza maki na makaranta zuwa maki kamar haka:
| NSSCO (Grade 11) | NSSCAS (Grade 12) | |
| Alamar da aka samu | A B C D E F G
|
A B C D E
|
| Abubuwan da suka dace | 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
|
10 9 8 7 6
|
As of 2022[update] UNAM tana buƙatar maki 27 daga batutuwa biyar, tare da batutuwa biyu a matakin NSSCAS, da alamar C a Turanci. NUST yana buƙatar maki 25 daga batutuwa biyar, da kuma E a Turanci. IUM yana buƙatar maki 25 daga batutuwa biyar, da kuma D a Turanci.[11]
Akwai ƙwararrun cibiyoyin ilimi na musamman irin su Kwalejin Fasaha (Cota) a Windhoek, Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'ar Namibia (TUCSIN) a Windhoek, Oshakati, Rundu, da Rehoboth, Namibiya Maritime da Kifi Cibiyar (NAMFI) a Walvis Bay, da Cibiyar Ma'adinai da Fasaha ta Namibia (NIMT) a Arandis .
Ilimi na sana'a
gyara sashe
Hukumar Horar da Namibiya (NTA) tana kula da cibiyoyin sana'a guda bakwai kuma tana tallafawa wasu cibiyoyin kamar Namwater. Suna ba da darussan da yawa ga masu barin makaranta, gami da; Plumbing, Welding, Electrical general, Automotive electrical, Bricklaying, Cabinet making, Technical drawing, Dressmaking, Hospitality, Office management da Automotive mechanics.[12]
Ana ba wa ɗaliban sana'a a Namibia ƙaramin kuɗi daga gwamnati don taimaka musu wajen halartar Cibiyoyin Horar da Kwarewa.
Kididdiga
gyara sasheA cewar World Factbook, Namibia tana da ɗayan mafi girman ƙididdigar karatu da rubutu a tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara. Ya zuwa 2018, kashi 91.5% na yawan mutanen da ke da shekaru 15 da sama na iya karatu da rubutu.[13]
A shekara ta 1997, yawan shiga firamare ya kasance kashi 130.6, kuma yawan shiga firaminare ya kasance 91.2%. Dangane da binciken ma'aikatar ma'aikata na yara, kashi 80 cikin 100 na yara masu aiki tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 18 suna ci gaba da halartar makaranta yayin da suke aiki.[1] A shekara ta 1998, akwai daliban Namibiya 400,325 a makarantar firamare da dalibai 115,237 a makarantun sakandare. An kiyasta yawan ɗalibai da malami a cikin 1999 a diyya tare da kusan 8% na GDP da ake kashewa akan ilimi.[14]
A cikin 2011 tsarin ilimin Namibiya ya karɓi kusan ɗalibai 600,000 daga cikinsu 174,000 manyan ɗaliban sakandare ne kuma ƙasa da 10,000 ɗaliban firamare ne. Duk da yake ana ganin malamai a matsayin masu ilimi sosai ba su da horo na musamman. Makarantu suna aiki a kasa da tsammanin; gazawar da raguwa suna da yawa. Kashi 12% ne kawai na masu koyo ke ci gaba da karatun sakandare na kowane nau'i saboda iyakokin wurare a jami'o'i da horar da sana'a. A cikin 2019 yawan masu koyo a makaranta ya karu zuwa 755,943.[2]
Bayanan da aka ambata
gyara sashe- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Namibia". United States Department of Labor. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-08-04. This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "ilab" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "About the Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture". www.moe.gov.na. Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture. Retrieved 8 October 2019. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "moe" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Fischer,G. "The Namibian Educational System" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Windhoek, Namibia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Namibia Africa: Strategic Objectives: Quality Primary Education". United States Agency for International Development. 2008-08-26. Archived from the original on 2008-08-16. Retrieved 2008-08-04. This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "usaid" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNE_Nakale - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "The Program Basic Education Namibia". NIED. Archived from the original on 2011-03-11. Retrieved 2010-09-25. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "nied" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Free Primary Education from 2013". Government of Namibia. 20 December 2012. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ↑ "National Institute for Educational Development". Nied.edu.na. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "National Promotion Policy Guide for Junior and Senior Secondary School Phases" (PDF). Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture, Government of Namibia. 2018. p. 10. Retrieved 2 March 2022. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Policy" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kavanga, Rovaldo (9 March 2021). "Amended NSSCAS Admission Requirements". zone.my.na. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ↑ "Unam increases entry points". Nampa. 13 July 2021.
- ↑ "The Vocational Training Center Support". Namibia Training Authority. Archived from the original on 22 November 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ↑ "Literacy - the World Factbook".
- ↑ "Namibia – Education". Encyclopedia of Nations.