Harshen Ebrié
Ebrié, ko Cama (Caman, Kyama, TChaman, Tsama, Tyama), mutanen Tchaman ne ke magana da shi a Ivory Coast da Ghana. Harshen Potou ne na reshen Kwa na dangin yarukan Nijar-Congo.
| Ebrié | |
|---|---|
| Yanki | Abidjan |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog |
ebri1238[1] |
Fasahar sauti gyara sashe
Inventory na sauti gyara sashe
| Labari | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labarin-velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fortis, ba tare da murya ba | ph [ph] | th [th] | ch [ch, tʃ] | kh [kh] | |
| Fortis, da aka bayyanamurya | b | d | ɟ [ɟ, dʒ] | g | gb [g͡b] |
| Lenis, ba tare da murya ba | p | t | c | k | kp [k͡p] |
| Lenis, ya bayyana | ɓ [ɓ, m] | ɗ [ɗ, l, r, n] | j [j, ɲ] | w [w, ŋw] | |
| Rashin jituwa | f/ (v) | s/ (z) | h [x, h] |
[v] da [z] suna da iyaka kuma suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro.
| Magana | Hanci | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | ||||
| Tsakanin | da kuma | o | ɛ̃ | O.A. | ||
| Bude | ɛ | a | Owu | ã | ||
Babu alamun consonant na hanci a Ebrié. haka, wasulan hanci suna haifar da jerin sassan lenis [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] don shiga cikin [m, n, ɲ, ŋw].
Sauti gyara sashe
Ebrié yana da sautunan matakin biyu (H da L) da sautin da ke fadowa (HL). [2] ila yau, yana da sautunan da ke iyo, kuma sautunan fortis da aka furta suna da halin rage sautin sautin.
Yanayin Yanayi gyara sashe
Gabatarwa na farko gyara sashe
Abubuwan da ke cikin suna a cikin Ebrié suna rarrabe tsakanin wasu homophones da kuma tsakanin nau'ikan guda da jam'i. farko, wannan tsarin zai kasance mafi ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu yarukan Nijar-Congo.
Abubuwan da aka ambata guda huɗu sune á-, à-, ɛ , da ɛ Kennedy-. Biyu na ƙarshe, waɗanda sautin hanci ne, Sanya iya gane su a matsayin sautin hansi, wanda aka fassara a matsayin ː́- da ː́́- amma an rubuta su a matsayin <n> . </n>
| Gabatarwa | Sunan suna | Haske |
|---|---|---|
| A- | Abhokhà̃ | hazo |
| zuwa- | A cikin lokaci | tururuwa na ruwa |
| Ta yi amfani da ita wajen | Sanyi | kasusuwa |
| Hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su | Wannan shi ne | uba |
Sunan na biyu a cikin fili yana riƙe da prefix dinsa, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
- cámã́ 'Ebriés' + ńcã̀ 'harshe' → cámã́ǹcã̀' 'harshe na Ebrié'
- Bayyanawa da 'wuta' + ńthù 'sand' → ńtɛǹthù 'ash'
Sunayen da yawa gyara sashe
Ana iya sanya sunaye a jam'i ta hanyar amfani da prefixes na suna ko suffixes na jam'i. Wasu sunaye daidai ba ne ko kuma ba su canzawa ba.
Lokacin da sunan mutum ɗaya ya fara da prefix á- ko à-, nau'in jam'iyyarsa zai sami prefix ń- ko NB- bi da bi. Idan sunan mutum ɗaya ba shi da prefix, sau da yawa zai sami prefix ń- a cikin jam'i. Sauran sunaye suna ɗaukar ɗaya daga c ƙididdigar jam'i -má̃, -hɔ́̃, ko -má̃hɔ̀̃ .
- áyá /ájá/ 'itace' → ńyá /ńjá/ 'tace'
- gban /àg͡bã́/ 'farantin' → ngbán /ǹg͡bã́ / 'farantin
- lalabhô [làɓô] 'duck' → ńlalabho [ńlàɓô) 'ducks'
- Uwargidan Uwargwadon
- nmyah [ɔnǹmjã̂hɔ Kennedy] 'maza'
Sunayen batutuwa gyara sashe
A cikin Ebrié, ana samun alamun lokaci / fasalin / yanayi a kan aikatau ko a matsayin nau'o'i daban-daban idan batun shine sunan ko wakilci na jam'i. Wakilan batutuwa gu[2] ɗaya sun haɗu da alamun TAM, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje na morphophonemic.
Misaliː
Harshen (1SG) + ɓâ (FUT) → mã̀ã́ (1SG.FUT) [2]
| Mai banbanci | Yawancin mutane | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harkokin waje | L'A |
| 2 | ɛ́ | Ya yi amfani da shi |
| 3 | Ana samun sa | Wato |
Rubuce-rubuce gyara sashe
Ebrié yare ne na SVO, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin misali mai zuwa.
Ya ce ya fito ne daga Kpakon
Yayo yana cinyewa.Gurasar PROG
'Yayo yana cin burodi. '[2]
Rubutun kalmomi gyara sashe
| Alamar | IPA | Misali | Rubuce-rubuce | Haske |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | /a/ | Ya kasance | /já/ | itace |
| shekara | /ã/ | afan | /aphan/ | ƙanshi |
| b | /b/ | Bayan aiki | /bɔ́/ | gashin tsuntsaye |
| bh | /ɓ/ | Abwe | /áɓwè/ | Canari |
| c | /c/ | Harkokin Kasuwanci | Yaren mutanen da suka fito | tsuntsaye |
| ch | /ch/ | Chralá | [chràlá] | pangolin |
| d | /d/ | daga | /dù/ | maciji |
| da kuma | /e/ | nai | [Nuna] | yam |
| ɛ | /ɛ/ | A ranar da aka yi amfani da ita | /adɛ́/ | itacen dabino |
| Bayyanawa | /ɛ̃/ | Atɛn | /yawun da aka yi amfani da shi | wuta |
| f | /f/ | afhon | [Abubuwan da suka shafi] | reshe |
| g | /g/ | gwe | /Yana/ | teku |
| gb | /g͡b/ | Haraji | /àg͡bù/ | bindiga |
| h | /h/ | Hanyar Hanyar Harshe | /yaƙin neman zaɓe | axis |
| i | /i/ | ḿbi | [ḿbì] | ganye |
| j | /ɟ/ | JON | [ǹɟɔ] | abokai |
| k | /k/ | akran | [akrã̀] | kwalban |
| kh | /kh/ | Akhon | Yaren mutanen da suka yi | mashi |
| kp | /k͡p/ | Kayan aiki | [ák͡pró] | hat |
| l | [l, ɗ] | Ainya | [Wani ne] | harshe |
| m | [m] | Cun'ad da ya fi sani | [Mutumin da ya dace] | Na |
| n | [n] | Nisha | [Nuna da ke cikin] | kwari |
| o | /o/ | Akhoho | /ákhòkhò/ | baya |
| Owu | /ɔ/ | Bayani | /awɔ́/ | cat |
| Ciwon zuciya | /ɔ̃/ | Akwatin | /Abin da ya yi amfani da shi | kifi |
| p | /p/ | A cikin ƙasa | [Ayyuka] | soyayya |
| ph | /ph/ | lephan | [Lefã̀] | wani |
| r | [r] | ahran | [Ahrã̀] | jirgin ruwa |
| s | /s/ | Yana da | /sɛ́/ | Mutumin |
| t | /t/ | Atta | /atà/ | Zagi |
| th | /th/ | Atha | [Haka] | yaƙi |
| u | /u/ | ńdu | [Sashe da] | ruwa |
| v | (v) | Nvra | [ǹvrà] | appatam |
| w | /w/ | Awɔ́ | /áwɔ́/ | goma |
| da kuma | /j/ | Rufewa | Bayani da suka yi | mai kyau |
| z | /z/ | Ya zama mai suna | [ǹzrɔ] | jaka |
Babban sautin yana da alama tare da babbar murya (ájí 'girmamawa'), kuma ƙananan sautin ba a san shi ba (aji 'layya'). Sautin da ke fadowa yana da alama tare da circumflex (â).
Ana amfani apostrophe (') don nuna alamar al'ada ta aikatau.