Hanyar Ruwa ta Fens

Hanyar Ruwa ta Fens
Hanyar Ruwa ta Fens
Labarin ƙasa
Kasa	Birtaniya

Fens Waterways Link wani aiki ne don inganta hanya jirgin ruwa a cikin yankunan Cambridgeshire da Lincolnshire, ta kasar Ingila. Ta hanyar haɗuwa da inganta hanyoyin ruwa da ke akwai da kuma gina sabbin hanyoyin haɗi an shirya hanyar zagaye tsakanin Lincoln, Peterborough, Ely da Boston. Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ce ke shirya aikin kuma tana samun kuɗi daga Hukumar Raya Yankin da Tarayyar Turai.

Hanyar ruwa mai ban sha'awa ita ce Bedford da Milton Keynes Waterway, suna buɗe hanya don manyan jiragen ruwa tsakanin Fens da sauran hanyoyin sadarwar Burtaniya.

Tarihi

An gabatar da ra'ayin kirkirar hanyar ruwa tsakanin Boston da Peterborough a cikin shekara ta 2005. Hukumar Muhalli ta bayyana shi a matsayin babban aikin don inganta hanyoyin ruwa a Turai a lokacin, kuma zai yi mil 150 (240 na hanyoyin ruwa da ke samuwa ga jiragen ruwa na ciki, ba tare da su shiga cikin Wash ba. Lincolnshire yana da koguna mafi tsawo fiye da Norfolk Broads, amma yayin da Broads suna da mashahuri sosai tare da masu jirgin ruwa, kogunan Lincolnshire ba su da yawa.

Da farko, babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ya kasance a kan kewayawa, kuma don motsa ra'ayoyin gaba, Majalisar Lincolnshire County, Hukumar Muhalli da British Waterways sun kafa Lincolnshire Waterways Partnership. Wannan ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar laima, tare da kowane ɗayan abokan hulɗa suna aiki a kan ayyukan don cimma burin ingantaccen hanyoyin ruwa. An aiwatar da tsare-tsaren da ke da jimlar darajar sama da fam miliyan 20, ^[1] na farko daga cikinsu shine sake haɗawa da Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain zuwa The Haven ta hanyar gina sabon kulle kusa da tashar famfo ta Black Sluice.^[2] Shirye-shiryen sun ba da damar sabbin kasuwanni su bunƙasa, kuma sun haifar da manyan saka hannun jari na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a cikin ayyukan da suka shafi.^[2]

An tsara shigar da Lincolnshire County Council a cikin shirin shekaru goma mai suna Lincolnshire Waterways for the Future, wanda ya rufe lokacin daga 2008 zuwa 2018. Yayin da wannan lokacin ya zo ƙarshe, sun samar da dabarun ci gaban hanyoyin ruwa, wanda ya rufe 2018 zuwa 2028. Manufofin sun ɗan bambanta. Duk da yake har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin yin hanyoyin ruwa da suka fi dacewa da tattalin arziki, sabon dabarun yana da fa'ida mai zurfi, kuma yana neman yin aiki tare da wasu waɗanda ke aiki a kan ayyukan da suka shafi ruwa. Ɗaya daga cikin haɗin gwiwar da za a iya yi shi ne tare da Anglian Water, waɗanda ke neman mafita don samar da isasshen ruwa na jama'a yayin da yawan jama'a ke ƙaruwa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da canja wurin ruwa tsakanin Trent, Witham da Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain zuwa ɗaya ko fiye da sababbin tafkuna. Idan waɗannan canja wurin suna amfani da tashoshin budewa, maimakon bututun mai, za su iya ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ruwa, wanda zai samar da mazauni da kewayawa.^[2] Ta hanyar aiki tare, irin waɗannan ayyukan na iya magance batutuwan muhalli, rage ambaliyar ruwa da Tsaro na ruwa, tare da farashin da aka raba don aikin daya ya cika manufofin kungiyoyi da yawa. An sake sanya sunan Fens Waterways Link a matsayin Boston zuwa Peterborough Wetland Corridor don nuna wannan canjin girmamawa, amma kewayawa har yanzu zai kasance wani ɓangare na manufar. Kungiyar Inland Waterways za ta jagoranci ci gaba a nan gaba, tana aiki tare da Majalisar Lincolnshire County da Hukumar Muhalli.^[2]

A shekara ta 2018, an raba shirin zuwa matakai shida. Matakai na 1 da 2 sun rufe sake haɗawa da Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain zuwa Haven, da haɓaka Kudancin Foury-Ffoot Drain har zuwa Donington High Bridge, An kammala waɗannan a cikin 2009. Mataki na 3 ya rufe hanyar 17 mil (27 daga Donington High Bridge zuwa Surfleet Seas End sluice. Wannan ya haɗa da sabon tashar tsakanin Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain da Kogin Glen. Rufin Surfleet Seas End yana kusa da inda Kogin Glen ya haɗu da Kogin Welland. Mataki na 4 yana da tsawon kilomita 14, yana rufe ɓangaren tsakanin Surfleet da Crowland a kan Kogin Welland. Crowland yana zuwa saman ƙarshen Welland mai tafiya. Mataki na 5 sabon hanyar haɗi ne mai nisan kilomita 14 tsakanin Welland a Crowland da Kogin Nene kusa da Peterborough. Har ila yau, Tsakiyar Tsakiya ta haɗu da Nene kusa da Peterborough, kuma Mataki na 6 yana rufe gyare-gyare don haɗa su da Kogin Old Bedford ko Kogin New Bedford sabili da haka cikin tsarin Kogin Great Ouse. Shirin Lincolnshire ba a bayyane yake game da yadda wannan zai iya aiki ba, saboda yana waje da yankin gudanarwa, amma taswirar su tana nuna ko dai sake kafa hanyar haɗi ta hanyar rufe Welches Dam, ko sabon tashar don shiga Great Ouse a Earith.^[2] Sun yi imanin cewa za'a iya isar da hanyar Boston zuwa Peterborough a cikin gajeren lokaci zuwa matsakaici, yayin da hanyar da ta wuce Peterborough ta fi matsala.^[2]

Hanyar Arewa

Farawa daga arewa, ci gaba na farko shine samar da sabon kulle-kulle daga Haven a Boston zuwa Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain a Black Sluice, wanda Michaela Strachan ya buɗe don zirga-zirga a ranar 20 ga Maris 2009. Kudin aikin ya kai fam miliyan 8.5, daga cikinsu fam miliyan 4 sun fito ne daga Majalisar Lincolnshire County, fam miliyan 2.5 daga Asusun Ci gaban Yankin Turai da fam miliyan 2 daga Hukumar Ci gaban Yammacin Midlands.^[3] A lokacin, mataki na biyu na aikin ya haɗa da fadada Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain daga Donington zuwa sabon hanyar da ke ƙetare a ƙarƙashin Hanyar A151, sabon kulle da mahaɗar Kogin Glen, mai ba da gudummawa ga Kogin Welland, a Guthram Gowt. Ya fi sauƙi a sami kudade don ainihin aikin, amma ya fi wuya a sami kudaden don rufe aikin shiri, amma Hukumar Raya Gabashin Midlands ta amince da wannan matsala, wacce ta ba da kuɗin matakan farko har zuwa ciki har da samun izinin tsarawa.^[4]

Lincolnshire Waterways Partnership da farko ya yi tunanin cewa za a iya kammala aikin shiri a watan Maris na shekara ta 2010. Koyaya, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan hanya, ƙalubalen injiniya, la'akari da muhalli da farashin aka yi la'akari, girman aikin ya karu. Ya bayyana a fili cewa ba za a cika lokacin Maris 2010 ba, don haka an yi amfani da wani ɓangare na kudaden Hukumar Raya Gabashin Midlands ne kawai kafin lokacin su ya ƙare. Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta fara duba ko za a iya isar da aikin tare da tsarin kula da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa don Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain.^[5] A ƙarshen shekara ta 2011, ana la'akari da hanyoyi guda takwas don haɗi zuwa Kogin Glen. Amincewa da Dokar Tsarin Ruwa kuma yana nufin cewa aikin yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ingancin ruwa ya inganta, kuma an karɓi tallafin £ 150,000, don la'akari da yadda hanyar haɗi za ta iya haifar da ingantaccen mazaunin da ingantaccen samar da ruwa.^[6] A ƙarshe, an yi la'akari da hanyoyi goma sha ɗaya, daga cikinsu an ƙaddamar da biyu. Hanyar 1 ita ce hanyar asali, tare da kulle don zagayawa da tashar famfo ta Black Hole Drove, ci gaba tare da fadada Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain zuwa Guthram Gowt, sannan kulle a cikin Kogin Glen. Hanyar 11 kuma tana da kulle kusa da tashar famfo, amma sai ta yi amfani da sabon tashar don isa hanyar A151 da kulle a cikin Glen. An watsar da Hanyar 1 lokacin da mai mallakar ƙasa ya canza goyon bayansu ga wannan hanyar.^[7]

Gudun ruwa tsakanin Glen da Welland a halin yanzu yana yiwuwa, amma ya haɗa da wucewa ta hanyar Surfleet sluices, wanda za'a iya yi shi ne kawai a wasu jihohin da aka iyakance na ruwa, yana yin juyawa mai zurfi a kan kogi inda koguna biyu suka haɗu, da kuma wucewa ta Fulney Lock a kan Welland don isa Spalding. Makullin yana da ruwa kuma yana buƙatar gyara ko maye gurbin. Ɗaya daga cikin yiwuwar shine gina sabon kulle da tsarin ƙuƙwalwa a Surfleet, da inganta Fulney Lock. Maganin na biyu shine gina sabon ƙofar a kan Welland, 2.8 miles (4.5 km) a ƙasa da Fulney Lock. Wannan zai ba da damar dakatar da kulle Fulney, tare da ɗan gajeren sabon tashar da aka gina daga Welland zuwa Vernatt's Drain, da kuma ɗan gajeren hanyar haɗi na biyu daga Vernatt"s Draing zuwa Glen sama da Surfleet Sluices. Vernatt's Drain a halin yanzu mallakar Welland da Deepings Internal Drainage Board ne, don haka za a buƙaci tattaunawa don amfani da wannan hanyar. Koyaya, shine zaɓin da aka fi so, saboda hakan zai rage yawan aikin kare ambaliyar da ake buƙata a kan Welland a wannan yankin.^[8]

Don isa Peterborough, za a buƙaci sabon yanke tsakanin Welland da Kogin Nene a cikin birnin, kusa da Flag Fen. Ana la'akari da hanyoyi biyu. Na farko zai fara kusa da tashar famfo ta Peakirk, inda Kogin Folly ya haɗu da Welland. Za a buƙaci kulle don wucewa tashar famfo, saboda matakan ruwa na hanyoyin ruwa guda biyu ba iri ɗaya ba ne.^[8] Bayan kimanin mil 1.9 (kilomita 3) Kogin Folly ya shiga Car Dyke, wanda ke bin gefen arewa maso gabashin Peterborough zuwa ƙauyen Eye . Wata hanyar da za ta bar Welland a tashar famfo ta Postland, ta ci gaba da raguwa kuma kusa da Crowland, kuma ta bi hanyar Kennulph's Drain zuwa Kennulph Farm. Daga can sabon sashi na tashar zai ɗauki hanyar da ke kewaye da ƙauyen Nene Terrace kuma ya haɗa zuwa Cat's Water Drain, wanda kuma ya wuce kusa da Eye.^[8] Sashe na ƙarshe na hanyar haɗi zai zama sabon tashar ko kuma zai bi ragowar Ruwa na Cat da kuma ramin ruwa don isa tashar famfo ta Padholme.^[8] Duk da yake Kogin Folly da Car Dyke sun fi dacewa da kewayawa, za a buƙaci wasu dredging da fadada Car Dyke, kuma saboda yawancin wannan ɓangaren abin tunawa ne da aka tsara ana tunanin cewa Ingilishi Heritage ba zai so wani aiki ya faru a ciki ba. Hanyar da aka fi so saboda haka ta bi karamin Cat's Water Drain.^[8]

Hanyar Kudancin

Samun damar zuwa Tsakiyar Tsakiya yana tare da King's Dyke, wanda ya bar Nene a ɗan gajeren nesa daga inda hanyar arewa za ta ƙare. Sarakuna Dyke ya wuce ta Stanground Lock da Ashline Lock, bayan haka za'a iya amfani da Whittlesey Dyke don samun damar tsohuwar hanyar Kogin Nene a Floods Ferry. Shirye-shiryen farko na Fens Waterways Link sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar hanyar tafiya ta zagaye zuwa kudu, wanda zai haɗa da sassa na Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kogin Great Ouse. Don wannan ya yi aiki da kyau, za a buƙaci wasu ayyuka a kan King's Dyke, saboda matakan ruwa wani lokacin suna da ƙarancin kewayawa.^[8] Hanyar da aka ba da shawarar don jiragen Ruwa da ke tsallaka Matsayi na Tsakiya daga Nene Ruwa Babban Ouse ya bi tsohuwar hanyar Nene zuwa Upwell da Outwell, sannan ya ci gaba tare da Well Creek zuwa Salters Lode Lock.^[9] Don isa ga Babban Ouse, jiragen ruwa dole ne su yi amfani da Salters Lode Lock don shiga ɓangaren ruwa na Babban Ouse. Wannan canjin ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, saboda matakan ruwa, sauye-sauye da yawa a ƙarƙashin ƙofar da ke sa samun dama ya zama da wahala, da kuma yanayin talauci na Salters Lode Lock. Don rage wannan, daya daga cikin shawarwari shine ƙirƙirar wani ɗan gajeren sabon sashi na tashar daga Well Creek kuma ya hau ta hanyar ƙofofi biyu, don ƙetare Kogin New Bedford a kan hanyar ruwa. Ƙarin ƙofofi za su sauke matakin don jiragen ruwa su iya shiga Babban Ouse sama da Denver Sluice. Wannan zai guje wa buƙatar sake fasalin Salters Lode Lock, kuma ba zai buƙaci masu jirgin ruwa su tattauna kogin ba.^[8]

Babban Ouse daga Denver Sluice har zuwa Ely ba a zaton yana buƙatar kulawa ba, saboda yana da faɗi da zurfi kuma babu tsarin kewayawa akan wannan tsawon.^[8] Sashe na gaba daga Fish and Duck Inn kusa da Stretham zuwa Hermitage Lock a Earith yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa, saboda ya sha wahala daga rashin kuɗi, saboda karamin abin da yake da shi. Tashar tana da ƙanƙanta a wurare, bankunan suna fama da rushewa, kuma matakan ruwa a wasu lokuta ba su da zurfi. Wannan za a magance shi ta hanyar shirin dredging.^[8] Don kammala hanyar zagaye zai buƙaci wata hanya don dawowa daga Earith zuwa tsohuwar hanyar Nene. A halin yanzu, Forty Foot Drain, wanda aka fi sani da Vermuyden's Drain, yana gudana daga Welches Dam da Horseway Lock ta hanyar Chatteris don shiga tsohuwar hanyar Nene kusa da Ramsey.^[8] Tashar tsakanin Welches Dam da Horseway Lock koyaushe ba ta da zurfi, kuma an ƙuntata damar zuwa wasu karshen mako, amma a cikin 2006 Hukumar Muhalli ta rufe kulle a Welches Dam, kuma tashar tun daga lokacin ta cika da kara.^[10]^[11]

An gabatar da zaɓuɓɓuka uku don kammala hanyar zagaye. Ɗaya shine gina hanyar ruwa don ɗaukar jiragen ruwa daga Welches Dam a kan Kogin Old Bedford da kuma cikin Kogin New Bedford, wanda ya haɗu da Babban Ouse sama da Hermitage Lock. Na biyu shi ne gina sabon kulle tsakanin Welches Dam da Old Bedford River. Sashe da ke sama da madatsar ruwan Welches zuwa ƙofar a Earith za a faɗaɗa shi don ya zama mai tafiya, kuma za a gina sabon tsarin kulle don wucewa ta Earith Sluice. Zaɓin na uku ya haɗa da yin Kogin Twenty Foot zuwa Chatteris. Wannan ya zama Fenton's Lode, kuma sabuwar hanyar za ta bi Fenton'l Lode zuwa tashar famfo ta High Fen. Wani sabon sashi na tashar zai gudana daga tashar famfo zuwa rami mai suna Cranbrook Drain, wanda za a faɗaɗa shi kuma ya shiga Kogin Old Bedford a ƙarƙashin Earith Sluice. Za a buƙaci inganta sashi na ƙarshe na Kogin Old Bedford, kuma za a buƙace tsarin kulle don wucewa Earith Sluice. Hanyar ta biyu ita ce zaɓi da aka fi so a shekara ta 2003, kodayake Majalisar Lincolnshire County har yanzu ta nuna dukkan hanyoyi uku a cikin shirin su na 2018. ^[8]^[2]

Ƙarin hanyoyin haɗi

Kammalawa na aikin zai zama tashar Bedford da Milton Keynes Waterway da aka tattauna da daɗewa tsakanin Bedford da Miller Keynes bayan hanyar Great Ouse da shiga Grand Union Canal, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin "sabuwar tashar farko a cikin karni daya". Kudin wannan yana bayyana a hankali kuma tare da samar da hanyar cikin gida a karo na farko don manyan jiragen ruwa - har zuwa mita 3.2 (10 ft 6 in) - tsakanin arewa da kudancin Ingila, zai kuma zama tashar agaji don sabbin abubuwan da za ta wuce. Wannan ƙarin fa'idar na iya fitar da kudade daga manyan tushe.^[12] Daidaita ƙofofi da gadoji na yanzu zai zama dole don ƙara girman zuwa ma'aunin Grand Union Canal, duka a faɗin da iska.

Masu gabatarwa

Kodayake amfani da hanya daban-daban, akwai alamun tsare-tsaren da aka yi a 1809 don haɗa hanyoyin ruwa. An gabatar da tsare-tsare guda biyu, wanda zai haifar da tashar daga Stamford zuwa Oakham Canal, mil 11 (18 zuwa yamma, tare da haɗi daga Stamforford zuwa Nene a Peterborough, da haɗi zuwa kusa da Market Deeping a kan Welland, da kuma makircin abokin hamayya don haɗa Stamford da Grand Junction Canal, duka biyun sun haɗa da haɗi da Kudancin Forty-Foot Drain. Dukansu an gabatar da su a gaban majalisa a 1811, amma babu wanda ya sami nasara. An sake tayar da ra'ayin a cikin 1815 da 1828, amma ba a dauki wani mataki ba.^[13]

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Proposed route

Proposed route
Black Sluice Lock connects the South Forty-Foot Drain to The Haven at Boston.
The South Forty-Foot Drain at Pointon, between Boston and Guthram Gowt. Here its origin as a drainage channel, set below the level of the surrounding fields, is very evident.
Guthram Gowt. The location of the planned lock into the Glen is probably somewhere in this photograph if route 1 is adopted.
The water level in the River Glen, here pictured looking west towards Guthram Gowt, is maintained by a tidal sluice at Surfleet Seas End. The sluice might be replaced by a lock.
The Car Dyke near Eye could become navigable as part of the Link if problems of culverting under modern road improvements can be solved, and agreement with English Heritage can be reached.
The Cat's Water Drain is under consideration as an alternative route should the Car Dyke prove unsuitable.
The Forty Foot Navigation in 1997. A new cut to bypass this shallow section may be constructed.
The Forty Foot Navigation at Welches Dam on the Old Bedford River. The lock was closed in 2006.
The route along Well Creek crosses the Mullicourt Aqueduct above the Middle Level Main Drain.